ERβ在乳腺癌组织中的表达及与临床病理因素的关系

目的　探讨ERβ在乳腺癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理因素的关系。 方法　采用免疫组化S -P法测定 97例原发性乳腺癌组织中ERα、ERβ和PR的表达 ,并与生化法测得的ER、PR及临床病理指标作对比分析。 结果　ERβ在原发性乳腺癌组织中阳性表达率为 62 .9% ( 61/ 97)。ERβ与ERα的表达无相关性 (P >0 .0 5 )。ERα、生化ER、PR及免疫组化PR均阴性表达的乳腺癌组织内ERβ阳性表达率为 83 .3 % ( 10 / 12 )。ERβ阳性表达与组织学分级呈负相关 (P <0 .0 1)。无腋淋巴结转移者的ERβ阳性表达率为 81.6% ( 3 1/ 3 8) ,有腋淋巴结转移者的ERβ阳性表达率为 5 0 .8% ( 3 0 / 5 9) ,两者具有非常显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1) ,且ERβ阳性表达与腋淋巴结转移呈负相关。ERβ表达与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、临床分期、月经状况和病理类型无明显相关 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　ERβ与ERα、PR一样也为细胞核受体。原发性乳腺癌组织内亦有ERβ表达。在原发性乳腺癌组织内ERβ阳性表达与组织学分级和腋淋巴结转移呈负相关。ERβ与ERα的表达无相关性 ,不能通过ER、PR及ERα联合测定来取代ERβ的检测。     

雌激素受体共调节因子在乳腺癌内分泌治疗抵抗中的作用

雌激素受体(ER)共调节因子通过调节ER的转录活性,影响由ER介导的靶基因的转录及翻译.除在乳腺癌的发生、进展和转移中发挥重要作用外,ER共调节因子通过其基因组和非基因组功能也与乳腺癌的内分泌治疗反应密切相关.     

雌激素受体α共调节因子的研究进展

雌激素受体α(ERα)在乳腺癌发生发展中起重要作用,其活性受共调节因子的调节.对ERα共调节因子的种类、作用方式、在乳腺癌细胞中的变化及其在mRNA选择性剪接中的作用分别作了概述.     

ER(-)与ER(+)乳腺癌患者临床特点及生物学特性比较

目的 比较分析ER( -)与ER(+)乳腺癌患者临床特点及生物学特性的差异.方法 回顾性分析我科收治的683例经手术证实的乳腺癌患者的临床资料.683例乳腺癌患者按ER状态分为2组,其中ER( -)组314例,ER(+)组369例.结果 ER( -)组中淋巴结转移比例明显大于ER(+)组(P＜0.05),ER( -)组肿瘤核心最大横径明显大于ER(+)组(P＜0.05),ER( -)组患者年龄及BMI明显低于ER(+)组(P＜0.05),ER( -)组绝经患者比例及肥胖患者比例明显小于ER(+)组(P＜0.05),ER( -)组PR( -)比例明显大于ER(+)组(P＜0.05).结论 ER( -)乳腺癌的恶性程度及转移率均高于ER(+)乳腺癌患者,绝经前非肥胖女性为ER( -)乳腺癌高危人群.     

Smad4、雌激素受体表达与乳腺癌临床病理特征的相关性

目的 探讨Smad4和雌激素受体(ER)在乳腺癌中的表达及其与乳腺癌临床病理特征之间的关系,以及二者的相关性.方法 应用免疫组织化学SP法检测50例浸润性乳腺癌、12例原位癌及15例正常乳腺组织中Smad4和ER的表达,分析二者在不同的临床分期、分化程度及淋巴结转移中的表达差异,探讨二者的相关性.结果 Smad4在浸润性乳腺癌和正常乳腺组织中的阳性表达率为分别为52.00％、93.33％,差异有统计学意义(x2=8.329,P=0.004),ER阳性表达率分别为60.00％、40.00％,差异无统计学意义(x2=1.868,P=0.172).原位癌与浸润性乳腺癌比较,Smad4阳性表达率分别为75.00％和52.00％,差异无统计学意义(x2=2.082,P=0.149),ER阳性表达率表达分别为58.33％、60.00％,差异无统计学意义(x2 =0.011,P=0.916).Smad4表达与乳腺癌TNM分期(x2=6.392,P=0.011)和淋巴结转移(x2=6.738,P=0.009)有关,与组织学分级(x2=0.542,P=0.462)无关.ER表达与乳腺癌淋巴结转移(x2 =4.133,P=0.042)和组织学分级(x2 =5.357,P=0.021)有关,与TNM分期(x2=1.159,P=0.282)无关.Smad4蛋白与ER在乳腺癌组织中的表达呈正相关(r=0.263,P=0.032).结论 Smad4在乳腺癌中表达低于正常组织,Smad4与ER的表达与乳腺癌不同的临床病理特征之间具有一定的相关性,且二者表达呈正相关.     

ER、PR、Her-2在乳腺癌中的表达

目的 探讨乳腺癌组织中雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人类表皮生长因子受体-2(Her-2)的表达与临床特征的关系.方法 用免疫组织化学法检测311例乳腺癌组织中ER、PR、Her-2的表达.结果 311例乳腺癌组织中Her-2阳性表达明显低于ER和PR,分别为87例(27.97%)、185例(59.49%)和195例(62.70%).与非浸润性乳腺癌相比,ER、PR在浸润性乳腺癌中的表达明显减少(P<0.05).ER的表达随乳腺癌TNM分期增加而减少(P<0.05),而PR和Her-2的表达与TNM分期无关(P0.05).与无腋窝淋巴结转移者相比,有腋窝淋巴结转移的乳腺癌组织中ER表达明显减少,Her-2表达明显增加(P<0.05).结论 ER、PR、Her-2与乳腺癌的临床特征密切相关,其可能参与乳腺痛的生物学行为调控,常规检测ER、PR、Her-2的表达可为乳腺癌治疗提供依据.     

ER、PR、Her-2在乳腺癌中的表达

目的 探讨乳腺癌组织中雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人类表皮生长因子受体-2(Her-2)的表达与临床特征的关系.方法 用免疫组织化学法检测311例乳腺癌组织中ER、PR、Her-2的表达.结果 311例乳腺癌组织中Her-2阳性表达明显低于ER和PR,分别为87例(27.97%)、185例(59.49%)和195例(62.70%).与非浸润性乳腺癌相比,ER、PR在浸润性乳腺癌中的表达明显减少(P<0.05).ER的表达随乳腺癌TNM分期增加而减少(P<0.05),而PR和Her-2的表达与TNM分期无关(P0.05).与无腋窝淋巴结转移者相比,有腋窝淋巴结转移的乳腺癌组织中ER表达明显减少,Her-2表达明显增加(P<0.05).结论 ER、PR、Her-2与乳腺癌的临床特征密切相关,其可能参与乳腺痛的生物学行为调控,常规检测ER、PR、Her-2的表达可为乳腺癌治疗提供依据.     

ER、PR、Her-2在乳腺癌中的表达

目的 探讨乳腺癌组织中雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人类表皮生长因子受体-2(Her-2)的表达与临床特征的关系.方法 用免疫组织化学法检测311例乳腺癌组织中ER、PR、Her-2的表达.结果 311例乳腺癌组织中Her-2阳性表达明显低于ER和PR,分别为87例(27.97%)、185例(59.49%)和195例(62.70%).与非浸润性乳腺癌相比,ER、PR在浸润性乳腺癌中的表达明显减少(P<0.05).ER的表达随乳腺癌TNM分期增加而减少(P<0.05),而PR和Her-2的表达与TNM分期无关(P0.05).与无腋窝淋巴结转移者相比,有腋窝淋巴结转移的乳腺癌组织中ER表达明显减少,Her-2表达明显增加(P<0.05).结论 ER、PR、Her-2与乳腺癌的临床特征密切相关,其可能参与乳腺痛的生物学行为调控,常规检测ER、PR、Her-2的表达可为乳腺癌治疗提供依据.     

ER、PR、Her-2在乳腺癌中的表达

目的 探讨乳腺癌组织中雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人类表皮生长因子受体-2(Her-2)的表达与临床特征的关系.方法 用免疫组织化学法检测311例乳腺癌组织中ER、PR、Her-2的表达.结果 311例乳腺癌组织中Her-2阳性表达明显低于ER和PR,分别为87例(27.97%)、185例(59.49%)和195例(62.70%).与非浸润性乳腺癌相比,ER、PR在浸润性乳腺癌中的表达明显减少(P<0.05).ER的表达随乳腺癌TNM分期增加而减少(P<0.05),而PR和Her-2的表达与TNM分期无关(P0.05).与无腋窝淋巴结转移者相比,有腋窝淋巴结转移的乳腺癌组织中ER表达明显减少,Her-2表达明显增加(P<0.05).结论 ER、PR、Her-2与乳腺癌的临床特征密切相关,其可能参与乳腺痛的生物学行为调控,常规检测ER、PR、Her-2的表达可为乳腺癌治疗提供依据.     

ER、PR、Her-2在乳腺癌中的表达

目的 探讨乳腺癌组织中雌激素受体(ER)、孕激素受体(PR)、人类表皮生长因子受体-2(Her-2)的表达与临床特征的关系.方法 用免疫组织化学法检测311例乳腺癌组织中ER、PR、Her-2的表达.结果 311例乳腺癌组织中Her-2阳性表达明显低于ER和PR,分别为87例(27.97%)、185例(59.49%)和195例(62.70%).与非浸润性乳腺癌相比,ER、PR在浸润性乳腺癌中的表达明显减少(P<0.05).ER的表达随乳腺癌TNM分期增加而减少(P<0.05),而PR和Her-2的表达与TNM分期无关(P0.05).与无腋窝淋巴结转移者相比,有腋窝淋巴结转移的乳腺癌组织中ER表达明显减少,Her-2表达明显增加(P<0.05).结论 ER、PR、Her-2与乳腺癌的临床特征密切相关,其可能参与乳腺痛的生物学行为调控,常规检测ER、PR、Her-2的表达可为乳腺癌治疗提供依据.     

Dermatomycosis in Goats in India

Summary: In an extensive survey involving 2176 goats 1.56% of goats manifested clinical lesions of ringworm infection. Animals below the age of 6 months were affected most (4.20%). The incidence of infection was higher during the winter months. T. verrucosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum were isolated from the skin scrapings of 12, 4, and 2 goats respectively. It is suggested that the infected animals could be a source of disease to human population in which the zoophilic dermatophyte invasion is characterized by severe inflammatory lesions of the skin. The zoonotic importance of different dermatophytes is stressed.
Zusammenfassung: In einer ausgedehnten Untersuchung an 2176 Ziegen wurden bei 1,56% klinische Zeichen einer Hautmykose festgestellt. Tiere, die jühger als 6 Monate alt waren, zeigten mit 4,20% am häfigsten Krankheitssymptome. In den Wintermonaten war die Erkrankungshäufigkeit am gröBten. T. vermcosum, T. mentagrophytes and M. gypseum wurden jeweils von 12,4 bzw. 2 Ziegen isoliert. Die inflzierten Tiere köinnen eine Infektionsquelle für die menschliche Bevölkerung darstellen und dort Mykosen mit stark entzündlichen Veränderungen auslösen. Die Bedeutung verschiedener Dermatophyten als Erreger von Zoonosen wird hervorgehoben.     

Trends in zygomycosis in children

Zygomycosis, or mucormycosis, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in both children and adults. Studies in adults have shown an increase in the incidence of zygomycosis, particularly among haemtopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients and patients with haematologic malignancies. There is a paucity of data on the epidemiology of zygomycosis in children. We performed a retrospective analysis to describe trends in zygomycosis between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2010. We used the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database to identify paediatric patients who were diagnosed with zygomycosis during the study period. Administrative data on diagnoses, demographics, underlying conditions and clinical experiences were collected. Summary statistics were calculated and tests for trend were conducted. We identified 156 unique patients with zygomycosis. The prevalence of zygomycosis did not significantly increase over time (P=0.284). The most common underlying condition was malignancy (58%) and over half received intensive care. Voriconazole utilisation among all hospitalised children significantly increased during the period (P=0.010). Our study demonstrates that the incidence of zygomycosis is not significantly increasing. During the time period there was a significant increase in the use of voriconazole among children.     

Increased apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo by ceramides in transferrin-modified liposomes

Lysosomes are a promising therapeutic target for induction apoptosis in cancer cells due to lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) leading to leakage of hydrolytic enzymes, especially the cathepsins, into the cytoplasm. We hypothesized that with the modification of the ceramide-loaded liposomes with transferrin (Tf), we would achieve both tumor targeting and increased delivery of lysosome-destabilizing agents, such as ceramides to lysosomes, to initiate LMP-induced apoptosis. We prepared Tf-modified (TL) and plain (PL) liposomes and loaded with short (C6)- or long (C16) N-acyl chain ceramides. Uptake, intracellular localization of liposomes, stability of the lysosomal membrane and release of cathepsin D were investigated on Hela cells by fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Apoptosis was evaluated by binding of fluorescently-labeled Annexin V. Antitumor and pro-apoptotic effects of C6Cer-loaded Tf-liposomes were demonstrated in vivo in an A2780-ovarian carcinoma xenograft mouse model. TL were internalized specifically via the TfR-dependent endocytic pathway and localized within the endosome-lysosomal compartment. Ceramide-loaded Tf-liposomes significantly increased apoptosis compared with ceramide-free and ceramide-loaded non-modified liposomes. The treatment of cancer cells with TL led to increased LMP and cytoplasmic relocation of the intralysosomal cathepsin D. A strong antitumor and pro-apoptotic effect of C6Cer-loaded TL was also demonstrated in vivo in an A2780-ovarian carcinoma xenograft mouse model. The lysosomal accumulation of ceramides delivered by Tf-liposomes initiates the permeabilization of the lysosomal membranes required for the release of lysosomal cathepsins into the cytoplasm and initiation of the cancer cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo.     

Ringworm in animals in a farm in Assiut

Bericht über das Auftreten von Hautmykosen bei Tieren auf der Farm der Landwirtschaftlichen Fakultät der Universität Assiut. Von 70 Kälbern waren 42 pilzkrank, davon 22 durch T. mentagrophytes, 20 durch T. verrucosum. Von 180 Kühen waren 8 pilzbefalien, sämtlich durch T. mentagrophytes. Von 2 kranken Bullen wurde T. verrucosum isoliert. Auch die 3 Pferde und 2 Maultiere der Farm waren pilzinfiziert; Erreger war in diesen Fällen T. equinum. Auch ein Kalb war von T. equinum befallen. Die gleiche Pilzart wurde ferner von 3 Tierpflegern isoliert, die Pilzherde am Hals und an den Armen aufwiesen.     

Survey of changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in dietary preferences in cancer patients in China and to determine the need for encouraging the adherence to a sensible diet among such patients.Methods A total of 468 cancer patients were interviewed using a self-designed questionnaire focusing on changes in the intake of specific foods. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16.0. Results Most patients completely avoided roosters and carp(73.1%), condiments(51.9%), and meat of aquatic species(40.4%). All other types of the specific foods were completely avoided by different subpopulations of the patients.Conclusion In addition to focusing on disease treatment, medical professionals need to help cancer patients overcome barriers associated with the customs of avoiding specific foods encompassed by the term ”fawu” and provide them with dietary guidance in order to prevent negative nutritional effects.     

Advances in cancer epidemiology in Japan

Epidemiologists in Japan have been performing calculations to estimate nationwide cancer incidence rates as well as 5‐year survival rates using population‐based cancer registry data. There have been remarkable changes in cancer incidence and/or mortality in cancers of the lung, liver and stomach, which were thought to be attributed to the changing impact of exposure to cigarette smoking, chronic hepatitis C virus infection and Helicobacter pylori infection, respectively. In systematic reviews providing evidence in risk/protective factors for cancer sites using case–control and cohort studies of the Japanese population, there were associations between cancer sites (esophagus, stomach, colo‐rectum, liver, pancreas, lung and breast) and various lifestyle factors. In the past 10 years, a hospital‐based case–control study at Aichi Cancer Center provided valuable evidence of gene‐environment interaction on the development of cancer [i.e., the effects of aldehyde dehydrogenase‐2 (ALDH2) polymorphism and heavy alcohol drinking on esophageal cancer, ALDH2 polymorphism and smoking on lung cancer, methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism and heavy alcohol drinking on pancreatic cancer]. The database with stored DNA was also used and identified seven loci containing significant but low‐penetrance polymorphisms associated with the development of breast cancer. These findings together with established risk factors are likely to be useful to predict personalized breast cancer risk in East Asian women. In 2005, the Japan Multi‐Institution Collaborative Cohort (J‐MICC) study was launched to elucidate gene‐environment interactions as well as to confirm preclinical diagnostic biomarkers of cancer. J‐MICC, which has recruited 92,000 healthy individuals by the end of 2012, will follow the individuals until 2025.     

Foreign bodies in ENT in a teaching hospital in Eastern India

Objective

To evaluate the nature, common sites, modes of presentation of various foreign bodies (FB) in Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT).

Materials and methods

Observational retrospective study carried out at Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, Ramakrishna Mission Seva Pratishthan. The study period was between Jan 2006 to Jan 2007. The information obtained from the hospital record books.

Results

Four hundred and eighty-two patients presented in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology of Vivekananda Institute of Medical Sciences, in the study period with FB in their ENT. Out of 482 pts, the commonest location of FB was to be in throat with 302 pts (62%) followed by ear with 119 pts (25%) and nose 61 pts (13%). Amongst the FB in throat the commonest was fish bone and the commonest site being tonsils. Artificial denture accounted for a significant number of 13 (4.3%). External auditory canal was the commonest site of FB lodgment in ear found in 118 patients (99.16%). Nasal FB were found in 61 patients; more common in pediatric age group (98.36%).

Conclusion

From this study we have found that FB lodgement is a very common complaint with which patients come to otolaryngologist. The commonest site of FB lodgement is in the throat. Most of the FB could be removed in emergency room (ER) with or without Local Anesthesia.     

新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈病变中DAPK表达的研究

[目的]探讨DAPK基因与新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈病变的相关关系。[方法]选取维吾尔族妇女正常或炎症的宫颈组织30例、CINⅠ30例、CINⅡ/Ⅲ30例、宫颈鳞癌组织30例采用免疫组化SP法检测DAPK蛋白表达;为了进一步验证DAPK蛋白表达水平,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）法检测正常或炎症的宫颈组织10例、CINⅠ10例、CINⅡ/Ⅲ15例、宫颈鳞癌组织20例中mRNA的表达。[结果]DAPK的蛋白表达率在正常或炎症的宫颈组织、CINⅠ、CINⅡ/Ⅲ、宫颈鳞癌组织中分别为93.3%、83.3%、60.0%、33.3%,SCC组阳性表达率明显减少（P〈0.05）;四组mRNA的表达率分别为90.0%、90.0%、46.7%、10.0%,SCC组阳性表达率明显减少（P〈0.05）。宫颈组织中DAPK在蛋白水平和mRNA水平的表达均和宫颈病变程度成负关（P〈0.05）。[结论]新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈病变组织中DAPK蛋白和mRNA水平均随病变程度加深而减少;DAPK蛋白检测可能为宫颈癌的早期诊断提供依据。     

Socioeconomic factors in cancer in Sweden

It is well known that certain cancers have shown clustering in socioeconomic groups, but limited data are available on recent results and time trends in such clustering. We determined standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for cancer, adjusted for age, period, region, parity and age at first childbirth among men and women in 6 socioeconomic groups based on the Swedish Family-Cancer Database. Persons had to be identified with the same socioeconomic status in the census of years 1960 and 1970, or of years 1960, 1970 and 1980; the comparison group was all people according to the same censuses. Cancers were followed from years 1970 to 1998 or from 1980 to 1998. Both increased and decreased SIRs were found, and a consistent pattern emerged, although the overall SIRs for cancer did not differ much, the lowest being for farmers (0.85) and the highest for professional men (1.07) and women (1.11). At individual sites, manual workers were at risk of tobacco-, alcohol- and occupation- and human papilloma virus-related cancers and at a decreased risk at most other cancers. Manual workers and farmers showed an excess of stomach cancer; professionals had an excess of melanoma and squamous cell skin cancer. Male and female SIRs correlated highly for manual and blue-collar workers and for professionals. The overall population-attributable fraction for selected sites was 16.7% for men and 10.9% for women and it was highest, over 50%, for lung cancer in both genders.