国产雌二醇控释贴片治疗卵巢功能低落176例临床观察

应用双盲法观察国产雌二醇控释贴片治疗卵巢功能低落１０４例（用药组），采用空白贴片治疗卵巢功能低落７２例（对照组），并结合促黄体生成激素（ＬＨ）、促卵泡激素（ＦＳＨ）、雌二醇（Ｅ＿２）测定，阴道壁脱落细胞成熟指数（ＭＩ）和子宫内膜组织学检查综合评价药效。结果表明：用药组贴片对卵巢功能低落所致的潮热、出汗、阴道干涩、头晕、情绪波动及失眠等６项主要临床表现，有显著疗效，有效率分别为９７．９％、９７．５％、９３．７％、７７．０％、７６．２％及７５．０％，且随用药时间延长疗效递增，与对照组比较，差异有显著意义。对ＬＨ、ＦＳＨ释放的抑制作用，在用药的第１０天即已出现。在整个用药期间，ＭＩ升高，血清Ｅ＿２水平轻度升高，浓度平稳。部分患者行子宫内膜组织学检查，未见明显的由于雌激素作用引起的内膜增殖反应。     

重复性早期自然流产病人非孕期血清激素水平和子宫内膜组织E…

用放免法测定了４０例拟诊为由内分泌病因所致的重要性早期自然流产病人卵泡期和黄体期的血清雌二醇（Ｅ２）、孕酮（Ｐ）、卵泡刺激素（ＦＳＨ）、促黄体生成素（ＬＨ）和血清催乳素（ＰＲＬ）水平，同时用生化法测定了相应增生期和分泌期子宫内膜组织中胞浆及胞核的雌、孕激素受体含量。通过和对照组比较，发现重复性早期自然流产病人黄体期和卵泡期的Ｅ２水平均显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．００５主Ｐ＜０．０５），其余各项激素水平     

重复性早期自然流产病人非孕期血清激素水平和子宫内膜组织ER、PR含量变化的研究

用放免法测定了４０例拟诊为由内分泌病因所致的重复性早期自然流产病人卵泡期和黄体期的血清雌二醇（Ｅ２）、孕酮（Ｐ）、卵泡刺激素（ＦＳＨ）、促黄体生成素（ＬＨ）和血清催乳素（ＰＲＬ）水平，同时用生化法测定了相应增生期和分泌期子宫内膜组织中胞浆及胞核的雌、孕激素受体含量。通过和对照组比较，发现重复性早期自然流产病人黄体期和卵泡期的Ｅ２水平均显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．００５和Ｐ＜０．０５），其余各项激素水平与对照组无差异（Ｐ＞０．０５）；其子宫内膜增生期的胞浆雌激素受体（ＥＲｃ）含量显著低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．００５），分泌期子宫内膜的胞浆孕激素受体（ＰＲｃ）含量亦明显低于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）；各期子宫内膜组织的胞核雌、孕激素受体含量在两组间无差异。表明卵巢雌激素分泌不足和子宫内膜组织的受体含量减低是导致该组病人反复自然流产的原因。     

黄体功能不全与生殖激素的关系

本文对２２例有排卵不孕妇女于Ｂ超监测排卵的同时，在卵泡中期、围排卵期和黄体中期测血清ＬＨ、ＦＳＨ、ＰＲＬ、Ｅ２、Ｐ、Ｔ；排卵后第１０￣１４天取子宫内膜行病理学检查。按子宫内膜发育落后于月经周期〉２天判断为黄体功能不全（ＬＰＤ）。比较ＬＰＤ组（ｎ＝１２）和正常组（ｎ＝１０）生殖激素值与卵泡直径的差异。结果：ＦＳＨ和卵泡期ＬＨ、Ｅ２在两组间无差异，黄体期ＬＨ、Ｅ２、Ｐ水平，ＬＰＤ组低于正常组（Ｐ〈０．     

促黄体激素释放激素激动剂的临床应用及对骨代谢的影响

应用促黄体激素释放激素激动剂（ＬＨＲＨ－Ａ）２００μｇ，每日肌内注射，连续３个月为１疗程，治疗轻、中型子宫内膜异位症、子宫肌瘤、子宫腺肌症共２０例。结果：用药结束时，促卵泡成熟激素（ＦＳＨ）、黄体生成素（ＬＨ）、雌二醇（Ｅ＿２）均受抑制，分别为４．８±２．９ＩＵ／Ｌ（Ｐ＞０．０５）、４．０±３．５ＩＵ／（Ｐ＜０．０５）、１６０．３±１１０．７ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜０．００１）。临床上体征改善，痛经消失，副反应轻，易为病人接受。２０例用药前后骨钙素（ｏｓｔｅｏｃａｌｃｉｎ）与尿钙、磷测定比较，差异均无显著性（Ｐ＞０．０５）。双能Ｘ线吸收法（ＤＥＸＡ）测量腰椎２～４骨密度，用药３个月下降２％，停药３个月下降１％，尚属正常范围（Ｐ＞０．０５）；单光子吸收法（ＳＰＡ）测量桡、尺骨骨密度也未见影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）。     

子宫肌瘤组织雌、孕激素受体及细胞增殖相关抗原与激素及细胞核体关系的探讨

应用ＡＢＣ法和计算机图象分析系统（ＩＡＳ），定量分析３９例子宫肌瘤患者子宫组织雌激素受体（ＥＲ）、孕激素受体（ＰＲ）、细胞增殖相关抗原（Ｋ１ｉ－６７）的含量；对其中２２例应用放射免疫法测定血浆雌二醇（Ｅ＿２）、孕酮（Ｐ）、促黄体素（ＬＨ）、促卵泡素（ＦＳＨ）含量；以及对其中８例应用立体学方法进行细胞核体定量分析。结果：子宫肌瘤组的ＥＲ、ＰＲ、Ｋｉ－６７显著高于同一子宫正常肌层的含量（Ｐ＜０．０１）；子宫肌瘤的细胞核体数密度和体密度也显著高于同一子宫正常肌层的对应值（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）；子宫肌瘤的ＥＲ、ＰＲ与血浆的Ｅ＿２、Ｐ含量无明显相关性，而与ＬＨ、ＦＳＨ含量呈负相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）；Ｋｉ－６７与Ｐ呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）；子宫肌瘤的ＥＲ与其细胞核体数密度呈正相关（Ｐ＜０．０５）。提示：子宫肌瘤的发生、发展与雌、孕激素、ＬＨ、ＦＳＨ及其受体含量有关，孕激素在肿瘤发生、发展中可能起协同作用。     

己酸孕酮治疗子宫内膜癌前期病变的生殖激素水平变化

孕激素类药物治疗子宫内膜癌已有３０多年历史，具有一定疗效，但孕激素类药物的作用环节尚不明确。本研究用己酸孕酮治疗１４例子宫内膜癌前期病变患者，观察用药前后生殖激素水平的变化。结果表明，促黄体生成激素（ＬＨ）、促卵泡激素（ＦＳＨ）与促黄体生成激素比值（ＬＨ／ＦＳＨ），均比用药前明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示：孕激素类药物的作用是多环节的，其中作用于垂体部位，选择性的影响ＬＨ分泌和ＬＨ／ＦＳＨ是环节之一。     

卵巢子宫内膜样癌HER－2／neu的表达

目的研究卵巢子宫内膜样癌ＨＥＲ－２／ｎｅｕ的表达以及与临床病理特征和预后的关系。方法应用ＨＥＲ－２／ｎｅｕ单克隆抗体免疫组化技术对卵巢子宫内膜样癌２８例进行ＨＥＲ－２／ｎｅｕ癌基因蛋白测定。结果１３例细胞浆染色阳性，占４６．４％，Ⅰ期肿瘤阳性率为２０．０％，Ⅱ～Ⅳ期肿瘤阳性率为５２．２％，手术有残留肿瘤者ＨＥＲ－２／ｎｅｕ的表达率是６２．５％，无残留肿瘤者ＨＥＲ－２／ｎｅｕ表达率是２５．０％，差异有显著性（Ｐ＝０．０４９）。ＨＥＲ－２／ｎｅｕ表达与发病年龄、ＣＡ１２５水平、组织学分级及淋巴转移无关。术后随诊６～９６个月，平均３１．３个月，ＨＥＲ－２／ｎｅｕ阳性者术后死亡率是３８．５％，ＨＥＲ－２／ｎｅｕ阴性者术后死亡率是２１．４％。结论ＨＥＲ－２／ｎｅｕ阳性者与卵巢子宫内膜样癌的不良预后有一定的关系。     

卵巢子宫内膜样癌HER－2／neu的表达

目的研究卵巢子宫内膜样癌ＨＥＲ－２／ｎｅｕ的表达以及与临床病理特征和预后的关系。方法应用ＨＥＲ－２／ｎｅｕ单克隆抗体免疫组化技术对卵巢子宫内膜样癌２８例进行ＨＥＲ－２／ｎｅｕ癌基因蛋白测定。结果１３例细胞浆染色阳性，占４６．４％，Ⅰ期肿瘤阳性率为２０．０％，Ⅱ～Ⅳ期肿瘤阳性率为５２．２％，手术有残留肿瘤者ＨＥＲ－２／ｎｅｕ的表达率是６２．５％，无残留肿瘤者ＨＥＲ－２／ｎｅｕ表达率是２５．０％，差异有显著性（Ｐ＝０．０４９）。ＨＥＲ－２／ｎｅｕ表达与发病年龄、ＣＡ１２５水平、组织学分级及淋巴转移无关。术后随诊６～９６个月，平均３１．３个月，ＨＥＲ－２／ｎｅｕ阳性者术后死亡率是３８．５％，ＨＥＲ－２／ｎｅｕ阴性者术后死亡率是２１．４％。结论ＨＥＲ－２／ｎｅｕ阳性者与卵巢子宫内膜样癌的不良预后有一定的关系。     

已酸孕酮治疗子宫内膜癌前期病变的生殖激素水平变化

孕激素类药物治疗子宫内膜癌已有３０多年历史，具有一定疗效，但孕激素类药物的作用环节尚不明确。本研究用已酸孕酮治疗１４例子宫内膜癌前期病变患者，观察用药前后生殖激素水平的变化。结果表明，促黄体生成激素（ＬＨ），促卵泡激素（ＦＳＨ）与促黄体生成激素比值（ＬＨ／ＦＳＨ），均比用药前明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０５，Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示：孕激素类药物的作用是多环节的，其中作用于垂体部位，选择性的影响ＬＨ分泌和ＬＨ／     

雌三醇栓治疗老年性阴道炎90例临床分析

目的 了解雌三醇栓阴道给药对老年性阴道炎的临床治疗效果。方法 对１３５例老年性阴道炎妇女随机分成两组：９０例治疗组每日将含２ｍｇ的雌三醇栓１枚,连用８周;４５例对照组用药为含０．３１２５ｍｇ倍美力的倍美力软膏,用法同治疗组。结果 治疗组和对照组用药后,Ｋｕｐｐｅｍａｎ评分明显下降,阴道健康评分显著升高,血清雌二醇（Ｅ２）水平上升至卵泡早期水平,总胆固醇（ＴＧ）下降,甘油三酯（ＴＧ）及低密度脂 白（     

A pilot study on the effects of a Chinese herbal preparation on menopausal symptoms

This study was conducted to determine whether a particular Chinese medicinal preparation is effective in alleviating menopausal symptoms. Chinese women with menopausal symptoms were recruited to receive treatment for 3 months followed by 3 months without treatment. The severity of menopausal symptoms and serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol levels were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Data from 97 women with a mean age of 52.3 years were analyzed. Sixty women (62%) were postmenopausal. The serum FSH level (interquartile range) was 58.0 (39.5–72.4) IU/l at baseline and rose significantly 3 months after treatment. The difference remained significant in the postmenopausal group while there was no significant difference in the perimenopausal women. The changes in serum LH and estradiol levels remained unchanged. The baseline menopausal symptom score was 8.9 ± 6.0. The menopausal symptom score improved markedly after treatment and remained at the same level at 6 months. All individual menopausal symptoms improved significantly after 3 months of treatment except dry eye. Most of these symptoms remained significantly improved at 6 months compared with the pre-treatment assessment. We observed that the Chinese medicinal preparation used in this study is effective in improving menopausal symptoms in healthy Chinese women. Further randomized controlled trial will be needed to confirm this observation.     

A pilot study on the effects of a Chinese herbal preparation on menopausal symptoms.

This study was conducted to determine whether a particular Chinese medicinal preparation is effective in alleviating menopausal symptoms. Chinese women with menopausal symptoms were recruited to receive treatment for 3 months followed by 3 months without treatment. The severity of menopausal symptoms and serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol levels were assessed at baseline, 3 and 6 months. Data from 97 women with a mean age of 52.3 years were analyzed. Sixty women (62%) were postmenopausal. The serum FSH level (interquartile range) was 58.0 (39.5-72.4) IU/l at baseline and rose significantly 3 months after treatment. The difference remained significant in the postmenopausal group while there was no significant difference in the perimenopausal women. The changes in serum LH and estradiol levels remained unchanged. The baseline menopausal symptom score was 8.9 +/- 6.0. The menopausal symptom score improved markedly after treatment and remained at the same level at 6 months. All individual menopausal symptoms improved significantly after 3 months of treatment except dry eye. Most of these symptoms remained significantly improved at 6 months compared with the pre-treatment assessment. We observed that the Chinese medicinal preparation used in this study is effective in improving menopausal symptoms in healthy Chinese women. Further randomized controlled trial will be needed to confirm this observation.     

Vaginal flora in postmenopausal women: the effect of estrogen replacement

Objective:To determine the effect of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) on the vaginal flora of postmenopausal women.Methods: Vaginal cultures were obtained from 15 postmenopausal women whose hormonal statuses were documented by serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and serum estrogen levels. After 8 weeks of ERT, consisting of 0.1 mg of estradiol delivered daily by dermal patch, the vaginal cultures were repeated, as were measurements of the vaginal pH, serum FSH, and serum estrogen levels.Results: Vaginal cultures revealed no significant change in the incidence of lactobacilli or of all aerobes. However, the incidence of anaerobic species fell after treatment from 47% to 13% (P = 0.05), and the incidence of anaerobic gram-negative rods declined after treatment from 40% prior to ERT to 7% (P = 0.035). Prior to ERT, the difference in mean vaginal pH between lactobacilli-positive and lactobacilli-negative subjects was not significant, but, following the administration of exogenous estrogen, the lactobacilli-positive subjects exhibited a significantly lower mean vaginal pH (4.4 +/- 0.4) relative to the lactobacilli-negative population (5.2 +/- 0.3) (P = 0.02).Conclusions: We conclude that women on ERT are less likely to have vaginal colonization with anaerobic bacteria when compared with women not using replacement therapy. Estrogen replacement may potentiate the effect of lactobacilli on vaginal pH.     

曲普瑞林治疗子宫内膜异位症应个体化

目的：探讨曲普瑞林（商品名：达菲林）个体化治疗子宫内膜异位症（EMs）的必要性。方法：对34例卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿剥除术后的患者进行前瞻性临床观察,辅助注射曲普瑞林3.75 mg 3～6个月,每28天1次。观察曲普瑞林治疗后的近期不良反应,尤其是异常阴道出血和潮热、盗汗症状,同时测定用药第0,7,21天血清卵泡刺激素（FSH）、黄体生成激素（LH）和雌二醇（E2）水平。结果：根据是否阴道异常出血将患者分成2组,用药第7天血清E2水平差异有统计学意义（Z＝2.612,P＝0.009）。E2水平与阴道出血的天数呈正相关（rs＝0.587,P＜0.05）。再根据是否出现严重潮热、盗汗将患者分成2组,发现用药第21天FSH水平和FSH/LH比值差异均有统计学意义（Z＝2.247,P＝0.025;Z＝2.201,P＝0.028）。FSH水平和FSH/LH比值均与潮热、盗汗的程度呈负相关（rs＝-0.541,rs＝-0.588,P＜0.05）。结论：个体差异可能导致曲普瑞林治疗后内分泌变化和近期不良反应不同,应该实施个体化治疗。曲普瑞林注射后第7天的E2水平可以预测是否有异常阴道出血发生,第21天血清FSH水平或FSH/LH比值可以预测潮热、盗汗的严重程度,协助选择最佳治疗方案。     

Reduction of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate synthesis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome by human menopausal gonadotropin but not purified urinary follicle stimulating hormone: a comparative pilot study.

We aimed to compare the effects of two different gonadotropins on steroid production in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The study group comprised 20 infertile patients diagnosed with PCOS who were accepted into in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer and gamete intra-Fallopian transfer programs. Ten patients were consecutively allocated to a purified urinary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) administration group while the other ten received human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG). All patients were pretreated with a gonadotropin releasing hormone-agonist. The patients were followed by daily vaginal ultrasonography until at least two follicles reached a diameter of 17 mm or an estradiol value of at least 100 pg/ml per follicle. To induce ovulation, human chorionic gonadotropin was given. On the 3rd day of menstruation, serum estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), FSH, total testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin were measured. These same parameters were measured again on the day of follicle aspiration in both serum and follicular fluid. In both groups, the serum levels of estradiol and androstenedione were raised significantly, and on aspiration day the serum level of DHEAS was significantly raised in the FSH group but not in the hMG group. Our findings suggest that in PCOS patients exogenous hMG induces a different steroid synthesis pattern compared to pure FSH, hypothetically by reduction of the delta-5 steroid synthesis pathway in the adrenals and/or in the ovary.     

Oral replacement with estradiol-cyclooctyl acetate: a new estradiol analogue. Effects on serum lipids, proteins, gonadotrophins, estrogens and uterine endometrial morphology

Estradiol-cyclooctyl acetate (E2CoA) dissolved in arachis oil was given orally at a dose of 0.5 mg/day for 21 days to 11 oophorectomized women. The study was performed in two steps. In the first step the effects of E2CoA, administered after an overnight fast, on plasma estrone, estradiol, FSH, LH, prolactin as well as on serum proteins, fatty acids, oral glucose tolerance test and on the cervical and endometrial morphology were compared to the effects of daily oral intake of 25 micrograms ethinyl estradiol (EE) in a cross-over study. In the second step the effects of E2CoA in nonfasting conditions on plasma estrone, estradiol, FSH and LH were studied. E2CoA alleviated climacteric estrogen-deficiency symptoms in all women. It showed an estrogenic effect on cervical and endometrial morphology and depressed FSH, though more weakly than EE. No side effects were seen. The unchanged metabolic parameters after 21 days of E2CoA treatment may support the assumption of a weak estrogenic effect, but the relatively slow resorption and relatively low estradiol/estrone ratio found in this study do not confirm the hypothesis that the drug is resorbed by the chylomicrones. Further investigation on the resorption of E2CoA in nonfasting women is, however, needed.     

达因-35对不同类型多囊卵巢综合征的疗效分析

目的:探讨达因-35对不同类型多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)血清激素及窦卵泡数等的影响。方法:将138例PCOS患者按鹿特丹标准进行分型,选择同期无高雄激素血症及月经紊乱的输卵管性不孕患者78例作为对照组。测定血清生殖激素及空腹胰岛素(FINS)等水平,盆腔超声检测卵巢体积及窦卵泡计数,经达因-35治疗3个周期后观察上述指标变化,评价达因-35对不同类型PCOS的治疗效果。结果:A型[无排卵(O/A)+高雄激素(HA)+卵巢多囊(PCO)]、B型(O/A+PCO)、C型(HA+O/A)和D型(HA+PCO)分别为43例、73例、15例和7例。A型、C型和D型总睾酮(TT)和硫酸脱氢表雄酮(DHEAS)水平高于对照组,各型LH、LH/FSH、FINS及胰岛素评价指数(HOMA-IR)高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。A型、B型和D型窦卵泡数多于C型及对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。达因-35治疗3个周期后:A型、C型和D型血清TT降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);DHEAS水平有所降低,但差异无统计学意义(P0.05);各型PCOS血清LH和LH/FSH下降,窦卵泡数减少,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论:华中地区PCOS临床表现以A型和B型多见,达因-35治疗3个周期可明显降低不同类型血清雄激素水平、血清LH水平和LH/FSH比值,减少窦卵泡数。     

Reduction of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate synthesis in women with polycystic ovary syndrome by human menopausal gonadotropin but not purified urinary follicle stimulating hormone: a comparative pilot study

We aimed to compare the effects of two different gonadotropins on steroid production in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The study group comprised 20 infertile patients diagnosed with PCOS who were accepted into in vitro fertilization?–?embryo transfer and gamete intra-Fallopian transfer programs. Ten patients were consecutively allocated to a purified urinary follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) administration group while the other ten received human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG). All patients were pretreated with a gonadotropin releasing hormone-agonist. The patients were followed by daily vaginal ultrasonography until at least two follicles reached a diameter of 17?mm or an estradiol value of at least 100?pg/ml per follicle. To induce ovulation, human chorionic gonadotropin was given. On the 3rd day of menstruation, serum estradiol, luteinizing hormone (LH), FSH, total testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), insulin-like growth factor-I and insulin were measured. These same parameters were measured again on the day of follicle aspiration in both serum and follicular fluid. In both groups, the serum levels of estradiol and androstenedione were raised significantly, and on aspiration day the serum level of DHEAS was significantly raised in the FSH group but not in the hMG group. Our findings suggest that in PCOS patients exogenous hMG induces a different steroid synthesis pattern compared to pure FSH, hypothetically by reduction of the Δ-5 steroid synthesis pathway in the adrenals and/or in the ovary.