Er3+:LiYF4单晶生长与光谱特性

采用坩埚下降法在非真空密闭条件下生长出尺寸为φ9mm×68mm的1mol%Er3+:LiYF4单晶材料,测试了样品的折射率、透过光谱、吸收光谱、以及在980nm和792nm激光泵浦下的近红外和中红外荧光光谱.应用Judd-Ofelt理论计算了Er3+离子在LiYF4晶体材料中的强度参数(Ωt,t=2,4,6)、能级跃迁振子强度(fcal)、自发辐射跃迁几率(A)、荧光分支比(β)、辐射寿命(τrad)等光谱参数,讨论了其近红外和中红外的荧光特性.结果表明,在980nm和792nm激光泵浦下观察到了1.5μm近红外荧光和3.0μm中红外荧光,分别对应于Er3+:4I13/2→4I15/2和4I11/2→4I13/2跃迁,并分析了3.0μm中红外荧光强度较弱的可能原因.     

高声子能量氧化物对掺铒碲酸盐玻璃光谱性质的影响

在研制的Er3+/Ce3+共掺低声子能量碲酸盐玻璃(TeO2-Bi2O3-TiO2)中,分别引入高声子能量WO3、SiO2和B2O3氧化物组分,测试了玻璃样品400~1700 nm范围内的吸收光谱、1.53μm波段荧光谱、Er3+离子荧光寿命和拉曼光谱,结合McCumber理论计算了Er3+离子光谱参数.结果表明:高声子能量氧化物组分的引入,能使声子参与的Er3+/Ce3+离子间能量传递过程变得更为有效,增加了Er3+离子亚稳态能级4I13/2上粒子数积累,从而增强1.53μm波段荧光发射.另外,高声子能量氧化物组分的引入还可以增加荧光半高宽(FWHM)和带宽品质因子(σe×FWHM).研究结果对于获取具有优异光谱特性的掺Er3+光纤放大器(EDFA)的玻璃基质具有实际意义.     

Ho~(3+)掺杂Ge-Ga-S-CsI玻璃中红外发光性能研究

采用熔融冷却法制备了系列不同Ho3+离子掺杂浓度的Ge-Ga-S-CsI玻璃样品,测试了样品的折射率、吸收光谱以及中红外荧光光谱和Ho3+离子5I6能级荧光寿命.应用Judd-Ofelt理论计算了Ho3+离子在该基质玻璃中强度参数Ωi(i=2,4,6)、能级跃迁振子强度fcal、自发跃迁几率Arad等光谱参数.计算了Ho3+:5I5→5I6(3.86μm)和5I6→5I7(2.81μm)跃迁的多声子驰豫速率.讨论了中红外荧光特性与Ho3+离子掺杂浓度之间的关系.结果表明,在900nm激光泵浦下观察到了2.81和3.86μm两处中红外荧光,分别对应于Ho3+:5I6→5I7和5I5→5I6跃迁,当Ho3+离子掺杂浓度从0.5wt%增加到1.0wt%时,两处中红外荧光强度都随相应增加,计算的Ho3+:5I5→5I6和5I6→5I7跃迁多声子驰豫速率分别为29s-1和34s-1.     

Tm3+/Ho3+共掺硫卤玻璃的2.00μm荧光特性研究

通过真空熔融淬冷法制备了不同浓度Tm3+/Ho3+离子共掺的70GeS2-20In2S3-10CsI玻璃样品,分析了样品的热稳定性及拉曼光谱,测试了样品的吸收光谱以及808 nm激光泵浦下Ho3+:5I7→5I8辐射跃迁对应的2.00μm荧光光谱特性.结果表明:Tm3+离子掺杂浓度为0.25mol%时,随着Ho3+离子掺杂浓度从0.05mol%增加到0.125mol%,Tm3+离子在1.86μm的发光强度逐渐减弱,Ho3+离子2.00μm荧光明显增强,表明Tm3+/Ho3+离子之间存在有效的能量转移.     

掺Er~(3+)重金属氧氟锗酸盐玻璃光谱性质研究

研究了重金属氧氟锗酸盐玻璃中Er3+离子的吸收光谱、有效吸收和发射线宽、荧光光谱、荧光半高宽、荧光寿命、带宽特性和增益性能.应用Judd-Ofelt理论计算了Er3+离子的强度参数Ωt(t=2,4,6),应用McCumber计算了能级4I13/2→4I15/2跃迁的吸收和受激发射截面.结果显示,随PbF2含量增加,Er3+离子的强度参数Ω6,吸收线宽、发射线宽、荧光半高宽、荧光寿命、带宽特性和增益性能都增加.表明掺Er3+重金属氧氟锗酸盐玻璃可作为宽带光纤放大器潜在的基质材料.     

硼酸铋玻璃中Er3+和Yb3+的光谱特性

采用熔体冷却法制备了单掺Er3+和Yb3+的硼酸铋玻璃,并利用理论方法计算了硼酸铋玻璃中Er3+和Yb3+的光谱参数.详细分析了硼酸铋玻璃中Er3+和Yb3+离子光谱参数与玻璃组成和掺杂浓度的关系,并研究了Yb3+离子的辐射陷阱效应.实验表明,掺Er3+和Yb3+的硼酸铋玻璃是一种具有潜在发展前途的固体激光器和光纤放大器用激光材料.     

掺铒碲酸盐玻璃光谱性质的J-O计算

研究了掺Er3+碲酸盐玻璃的吸收和荧光光谱性质;应用Judd-Ofelt理论计算了碲酸盐玻璃中Er3+离子的强度参数Ω(Ω2=4.79 × 10-20cm2,Ω4=1.52×10-20cm2,Ω6=0.66×10-20cm2),计算了离子的自发跃迁几率,荧光分支比;应用McCumber理论计算了Er3+的受激发射截面(σe=10.40 × 10-21cm2)、Er3+离子4I13/2→4I15/2发射谱的荧光半高宽(FWHM=65.5nm)及各能级的荧光寿命(4I13/2能级τrad=3.99ms);比较了不同基质玻璃中Er3+离子的光谱特性,结果表明掺铒碲酸盐玻璃更适合于掺Er3+光纤放大器实现宽带和高增益放大.     

Er~(3+)掺杂镉铝硅酸盐玻璃的荧光特性

研究Er3+掺杂镉铝硅酸盐玻璃的荧光光谱,比较以488nm、532nm和800nm激光泵浦样品产生的1534nm近红外光发射强度,利用Dexter能量转移理论分析Er3+离子浓度变化对荧光特性影响原因。     

Ce3+对磷酸盐闪烁玻璃耐辐射性能的影响

研究了空气气氛下制备的掺Ce3+磷酸盐闪烁玻璃.XPS分析结果显示,玻璃网络结构中的铈离子以低化合价(三价)形式存在.分别测试了含Ce3+及不含Ce3+玻璃样品在辐射前及经特定剂量辐射后的紫外可见透过光谱.实验结果表明,含Ce3+玻璃在大于390nm波长处的辐射诱导吸收带消失或明显减弱.通过计算样品的辐射诱导吸收系数μ发现Ce3+离子的引入有效提高了磷酸盐闪烁玻璃的抗辐射能力.     

用于微片激光器的Nd3+掺杂四磷酸盐玻璃光谱研究

制备了Nd+掺杂四磷酸盐玻璃,测量了吸收光谱、荧光光谱,计算Nd十的发射截面,研究了其荧光特性、浓度猝灭及其机制、以及OH基对荧光强度和能量传递的影响,研究发现在四磷酸盐玻璃Nd3+的最佳浓度约为4.1×1020ions/cm3,在研究光谱性质的基础上实现了Nd3+掺杂四磷酸盐玻璃微片激光器1.054μm的连续激光输出.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.