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全尺寸目标的电磁散射特性测试,需要足够大的测试距离或紧缩场系统,但是建设满足远场条件的室外静态场与室内紧缩场需要巨大的经费投入和很高的技术条件,更无法对飞行器进行现场成像与雷达散射截面(Radar Cross Section,RCS)诊断.针对近距离测试检定飞行器隐身性能的需求,提出了基于散射分布函数模型的近远场变换算法.建立三维散射分布函数模型,采用三维扫描方式记录近场数据,将球面波函数分别在柱坐标系、三维直角坐标系与球坐标系下展开,变换得到目标的远场数据,通过三维逆傅里叶变换与插值算法给出目标的三维重建图像与远场RCS.仿真分析与实验表明,算法准确有效. 相似文献
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该文提出一种基于柱面扫描近场成像的RCS(Radar Cross Section)测量新方法:以理想的各向同性点散射中心模型为核心假设,通过详细的理论推导给出了一种具有通用性的基于柱面扫描近场成像的RCS 测量方法。该方法先得到目标的3 维雷达散射图像,再通过这些等效理想散射中心的散射场叠加获得远处散射场进而给出目标的远场RCS 值。该方法不仅能得到被测目标的3 维雷达散射图像,还能获得一定立体角域的目标远场RCS。相比只能得到2 维雷达散射图以及2 维平面角域RCS 结果的圆迹扫描测试相比,该文所提的柱面扫描测试能得到更多的目标散射信息,具有较强的实用性。仿真结果验证了新方法的可靠性。 相似文献
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对近远场变换技术在目标特性测试中的应用进行了研究,通过对飞机模型的仿真结果进行近场成像处理、远场计算重构以及卷积积分修正等处理,可将近场散射变换到远场.同时,近远场变换技术能够有效解决在不满足远场条件下测量雷达散射截面积(RCS)时遇到的问题.通过对金属导体圆柱、导弹模型、常规飞机模型、角反射器等进行RCS测试,并对单... 相似文献
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多角度SAR图像能够更全面描述目标不同角度下的特征信息,对目标识别具有重要意义.实现多角度SAR成像需要解决两个问题,一是在多角度测量模式下,传统成像算法的远场条件不能满足,成像散焦严重;二是空间采样不连续使得基于傅里叶变换的成像算法产生很高的旁瓣.本文利用二维匹配滤波函数的聚焦功能实现多角度SAR成像.通过调整成像参考点位置构造二维匹配函数,然后将测量数据用匹配函数进行滤波.与传统SAR成像算法相比,本文提出的多角度SAR成像算法突破了空间采样必须均匀和连续的束缚,更具有普适性.实验结果表明本文算法不仅能够实现多角度SAR成像,提高成像分辨率,而且多角度SAR图像能够描述目标散射特征的空间变化. 相似文献
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利用宽带雷达目标电磁散射特性数据可以实现雷达目标的一维距离像,在二维像实现过程中,传统做法需要利用雷达目标电磁回波的多普勒频率以实现雷达目标的方位像.探讨了基于宽带雷达散射截面(RCS)静态数据(没有多普勒频率)的二维成像算法,突破了传统需要多普勒频移数据才能实现二维雷达像的限制.最后探讨了调整成像算法若干参数的不同成... 相似文献
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Sullivan A. Damarla R. Geng N. Yanting Dong Carin L. 《Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on》2000,48(9):1306-1315
Electromagnetic (EM) scattering from subsurface unexploded ordnance (UXO) is investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Three EM models are considered: the multilevel fast multipole algorithm (MLFMA), the method of moments (MoM), and physical optics (PO). The relative accuracy of these models is compared for several scattering scenarios. Moreover, the model results are compared to data measured by an experimental synthetic aperture radar (SAR) system, SAR images have been generated for subsurface UXO targets, in particular 155-mm shells. We compare SAR images from the measured data with theoretical images produced by the MoM and PO simulations, using a standard back-projection imaging technique. In addition to such comparisons with measurement, we consider additional buried-UXO scattering scenarios to better understand the underlying wave phenomenology 相似文献
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Overview of an image-based technique for predicting far-field radar cross section from near-field measurements 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
For the last 18 years, our group has been developing a variety of near-field-to-far-field transformations (NFFFTs) for predicting the far-field (FF) RCS of targets from monostatic near-field (NF) measurements. The most practical and mature of these is based on the reflectivity approximation, commonly used in ISAR imaging to model the target scattering. This image-based NFFFT is also the most computationally efficient because - despite its theoretical underpinnings - it does not explicitly require image formation as part of its implementation. This paper presents a formulation and implementation of the image-based NFFFT that is applicable to two-dimensional (2D) spherical and one-dimensional (1D) circular near-field measurement geometries, along with numerical and experimental examples of its performance. We show that the algorithm's far-field RCS pattern-prediction performance is quite good for a variety of frequencies, near-field measurement distances, and target geometries. In addition, we show that the predicted RCS statistics remain quite accurate under conditions where the predicted far-field patterns have significantly degraded due to multiple interactions and other effect. 相似文献
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海面舰船目标3维散射中心的快速建模对雷达目标信号快速仿真、特征提取与分类识别等应用具有重要意义。该文结合目标-海面耦合散射的“4路径”模型、随机海面散射修正Fresnel反射系数模型,以及基于射线管积分的快速3维成像等模型与方法,提出一种舰船-海面复合的快速3维成像方法,并通过CLEAN算法建立一种3维散射中心快速建模算法。该算法由于实现了单频、单视角条件下的目标3维成像,并且采用简化的海面模型避免了大量海面面元的构建,因而大大提高了3维散射中心建模的计算效率,从而满足实际工程应用的需求。典型海面舰船目标仿真实验结果表明,与传统基于FFT的3维成像算法相比,在典型计算条件下该算法的计算效率可提高4个数量级。不同海情下,3维散射中心重建的与直接仿真计算的1维距离像历程图和2维像的对比结果,也验证了算法的计算精度。 相似文献
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本文利用军事目标在SAR图像中具有较大的雷达散射截面,后向散射强以及在可见光图像中几何外形清晰的特点,提出一种利用SAR图像和可见光图像多维特征检测目标的方法。该方法分为图像预处理,目标检测和融合检测三部分。首先,利用基于特征匹配的方法对多传感器图像进行配准。其次,利用全局双参数恒虚警(CFAR)方法检测SAR图像中的目标,经过滤波处理后,确定感兴趣区域(Region Of Interesting,ROI)并提取目标的SAR图像特征;将ROI映射到可见光图像中,对该区域进行边缘检测、滤波、连通性分析、提取目标的可见光图像特征。最后,在特征层利用特征向量距离准则融合检测目标。实验结果表明该方法性能优于单传感器检测方法,且能有效的改进目标检测性能。 相似文献
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圆迹SAR(CSAR)因其特殊曲线运动轨迹而具备3维成像能力。单圈CSAR理论上可以获得距离方位平面亚波长级的分辨率,但是高程向分辨率却很低。同时,利用后向投影(BP)算法进行CSAR 3维成像的算法复杂度高,成像效率低。该文提出一种基于改进3维后向投影的多圈CSAR相干3维成像方法,针对现有成像算法时间复杂度高的问题,提出一种构造几何插值核的CSAR改进3维后向投影算法,可将3维插值操作转化为1维插值操作和距离向量搜索操作,通过多圈CSAR改进3维后向投影成像结果相干积累的方式得到最终3维图像。该文所提方法可有效解决单圈CSAR 3维成像高程向分辨率低的问题,改善3维成像细节,同时能够大幅降低CSAR 3维成像时间。仿真圆锥目标和美国空军实验室GOTCHA数据3维成像结果验证了该文所提方法的有效性。 相似文献
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Sarabandi K. Pierce L.E. Oh Y. Dobson M.C. Ulaby F.T. Freeman A. Dubois P. 《Geoscience and Remote Sensing, IEEE Transactions on》1994,32(5):975-985
When point calibration targets are used to calibrate a SAR image, the calibration accuracy is governed by two major factors. The first factor stems from the stringent requirement on the radar cross section (RCS) of the point calibration target. To reduce the effect of radar return from the background, the RCS of a point calibration target must be much larger than that of the background. Calibration targets with large RCS require large physical dimensions for passive targets or high amplifier gain for active targets, which in practice leads to uncertainty in the nominal RCS of the targets. The second factor is related to the fact that point calibration targets are used to develop a calibration algorithm which is applied to distributed targets. To this end, accurate knowledge of the impulse response (ambiguity function) of the SAR system is required. To evaluate the accuracy of such a calibration process, a cross-calibration experiment was conducted at a test site near Pellston, MI, using the JPL aircraft SAR and the University of Michigan truck-mounted polarimetric scatterometer. Five different types of distributed surfaces, all in the same area, were chosen: three of these were bare surfaces with varying roughnesses, and the other two were covered with vegetation. Trihedral corner reflectors were used for calibrating the aircraft SAR, and the UM scatterometer was calibrated using a metallic sphere. The scatterometer data were collected at L and C bands immediately after the aircraft flew over the test site. This paper presents results of the cross calibration between the polarimetric SAR and ground-based polarimetric scatterometer measurements at L and C bands. Comparison of the data measured by the two radar systems shows that SAR calibration with trihedrals may lead to unreliable results. A distributed-target calibration technique is introduced and applied to the data with good results 相似文献
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常规SAR成像,平台沿直线飞行,形成直线型合成孔径,仅能获取2维图像,即3维空间中的观测场景在斜距-方位平面的2维投影,图像具有叠掩、透视缩短、阴影等畸变现象。SAR 3维成像突破了斜距-方位2维频率信息获取,能够获取第3维频率信息,实现3维分辨,可获得观测场景的散射中心在3维空间中的分布,从而解决叠掩问题,消除透视缩短、顶底倒置等几何形变现象,更直观地描述客观场景,已成为国际研究热点。该文介绍SAR 3维成像的概念和主要观测模式,分析该领域国内外研究现状和进展,重点阐述作者所在研究团队的SAR 3维成像研究进展,最后对SAR 3维成像技术进行总结和展望。 相似文献