Binary Cyclic Codes and Minimal Codewords

Cyclic codes form an important class of codes. They have very interesting algebraic structure. Furthermore, they are equivalent to many important codes, such as binary Hamming codes, Golay codes and BCH codes. Minimal codewords in linear codes are widely used in constructing decoding algorithms and studying linear secret sharing scheme. In this paper, we show that in the binary cyclic code all of the codewords are minimal, except 0 and 1. Then, we obtain a result about the number of minimal codewords in the binary cyclic codes.     

A general method of spatio-temporal clustering analysis

Spatio-temporal clustering has been a hot topic in the feld of spatio-temporal data mining and knowledge discovery.It can be employed to uncover and interpret developmental trends of geographic phenomenon in the real world.However,existing spatio-temporal clustering methods seldom consider both spatiotemporal autocorrelations and heterogeneities among spatio-temporal entities,and the coupling in space and time has not been well highlighted.In this paper,a unifed framework for the clustering analysis of spatio-temporal data is proposed,and a novel spatio-temporal clustering algorithm is developed by means of a spatio-temporal statistics methodology and intelligence computation technology.Our method is applied successfully to fnding spatio-temporal cluster in China’s annual temperature database for the period 1951 1992.     

Performance Evaluation of Antenna Receive Diversity in SlMO-OFDM System over Rayleigh Fading Channel

This paper represents a comparative performance evaluation of different diversity combining techniques for a SIMO-OFDM （single-input-multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing） system over Rayleigh fading channel. OFDM is a key technique for achieving high data rates and spectral efficiency requirements for wireless communication systems. But in scattering environment, the system performances are severely degraded by the effects of multipath fading and inter-symbol interference. In wireless communication systems, antenna diversity is an important technique to combat multipath fading in order to improve the system performance and increase the channel capacity. In this paper, the performance of different diversity combining techniques-SC （selection combining）, EGC （equal gain combining） and MRC （maximal ratio combining） has been analyzed and compared in terms of SNR （signal to noise ratio） and BER （bit error rate） probability. The simulation results show that the maximal ratio combining technique provides maximum performance improvement relative to all other combining schemes by maximizing the SNR of SIMO-OFDM system at the combiner output. The analytic expressions of error probability and effective bit energy to noise ratio correlated with BPSK （binary phase shift keying） modulation have been derived and formulated for N-branch SC, EGC and MRC schemes. The BER characteristics for all three combining techniques are simulated in MATLAB （matrix laboratory） tool box for varying bit energy to noise ratio. Our results also derives that SNR can be improved if the number of receiving antenna is increased, which in turn reduces BER over a Rayleigh fading channel.     

Design of efficiently encodable nonbinary LDPC codes for adaptive coded modulation

This paper is concerned with constructions of nonbinary low-density parity-check （LDPC） codes for adaptive coded modulations （ACM）. A new class of efficiently encodable structured nonbinary LDPC codes are proposed. The defining parity-check matrices are composed of scalar circulant sub-matrices which greatly reduce the storage requirement when compared with random LDPC codes. With this special structure of parity- check matrix, an efficient encoding algorithm is presented. Based on the proposed codes, a family of variable- rate/variable-field nonbinary LDPC codes is designed for the ACM system. When combined with matched-size signal constellations, the family of constructed codes can achieve a wide range of spectral efficiency. Furthermore, the resultant ACM system can be implemented via a set of encoder and decoder. Simulation results show that the proposed nonbinary LDPC codes for the ACM system perform well.     

A 2.4 GHz low power CMOS transceiver for LR-WPAN applications

A 2.4 GHz low power transceiver for low-rate wireless personal area network(LR-WPAN)applications is presented.The optimized low-IF receiver consists of a novel current reuse RF front-end with an inductor-less-load balun LNA and quadrature mixer,and an adaptive analog baseband to reduce power and area.It achieves-94 dBm of sensitivity,-9 dBm of IIP3 and 28 dBc of image rejection.The phase-locked loop based direct phase modulated transmitter is proposed to reduce power and deliver a+3 dBm output power.The phase noise of the low power frequency synthesizer with current reuse stacked LC-VCO achieves-107.8 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset.An ultra-low power nonvolatile memory is used to store configuration data and save power.The chip is implemented in a 0.18μm CMOS process,and the area is less than 2.8 mm2.The transceiver consumes only 10.98 mW in the receiving mode and 13.32 mW in the transmitting mode.     

Performance of orthogonal STBC-MIMO with variable-power adaptive modulation and delayed feedback in Nakagami fading channels

A variable-power （VP） adaptive modulation （AM） scheme with space-time block code （STBC） is developed in MIMO systems, and the corresponding performance is investigated in Nakagami fading channels. The optimum switching thresholds are derived so that the spectrum efficiency （SE） under an average power and a target bit error rate （BER） constraint is maximized. By the switching thresholds, average BER and SE are further derived. As a result, closed-form expressions are obtained. Besides, the exact and approximate BER expressions of VP AM and constant-power （CP） AM systems with delayed feedback are respectively derived. Simulation results show that the theoretical SE and BER can match the corresponding simulation well. The results indicate that VP-AM with STBC provide higher spectrum efficiency than the CP counterparts, and has slighter bite error rate performance degradation when the normalized delay is less than 0.01.     

Optimal pilots design for frequency offsets and channel estimation in OFDM modulated single frequency networks

Optimal pilot design and placement for both the frequency offsets and channel estimation in Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing modulated Single Frequency Network are treated.Unlike the conventional frequency-domain filter-based algorithms,the proposed pilot of each transmitter can always be demodulated at the receiver even if the received pilots of multiple transmitters are totally overlapped.Although the channel state information is needed in designing the proposed pilot for carrier frequency offset(CFO)estimation,the performance of the proposed CFO estimation is robust to the channel estimation error.The optimal pilot as well as the Least-Squares(LS)channel estimator is also proposed,and the pilot for channel estimation is always a constant-modulus.A joint frequency offset and channel estimation scheme is also proposed,and the transmitters can adaptively optimize their pilots in the successive transmissions using the estimation results feedback in the former transmission.Simulation results demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm in terms of frequency offset and channel estimation accuracies.Since multiple copies of the same information can be received at each receiver,some combining technologies such as equal gain combining(EGC)or maximal ratio combining(MRC)can be applied at the receiver to improve the receiving diversity gain.Numerical results show that in a scenario of two transmitters with a Signal-to-Noise Ratio of 20 dB,the Bit Error Rate(BER)of1.5×10-4(or 1×10-4)can be obtained at the receiver using EGC(or MRC),and this BER performance can be improved to be 4×10-6for EGC(or 2×10-6for MRC)by considering three co-receiver transmitters.     

Adaptive Harmonic IIR Notch Filter with Varying Notch Bandwidth and Convergence Factor

This paper proposes an improved adaptive harmonic IIR notch filter. The proposed algorithm utilizes varying notch bandwidth and convergence factor to achieve robust frequency estimation and tracking. A formula to determine the stability bound by using the LMS （least mean squares） algorithm is derived. In addition, the developed algorithm is also devised to prevent the adaptive algorithm from converging to its local minima of the MSE function due to signal fundamental frequency switches in the tracking process.     

Return Link Systems for Wireless Mobile Camera Using 42 GHz-Band with Frequency and Space Diversity Techniques

In this paper, return link systems for wireless mobile camera using 42 GHz-band in multipath fading environments are proposed. The return link systems for wireless mobile camera require wireless transmission with high reliability as same as the conventional wired camera systems. The proposed return link systems achieve transmission with high reliability by taking into consideration frequency and space diversity techniques. The proposed systems can be classified as 3 three types of return link systems according to diversity techniques： FD （frequency diversity） systems, SD （space diversity） systems and FD＋SD system （frequency and space diversity）. Computer simulations are carried out in order to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed return link systems. It is confirmed that the proposed three types of return link systems have an advantage about BER performances and effectively exploit frequency and space resources.     

Using a Computer Driven PID Regulator for Controlling the Vacuum Pump of a Mechanical Milking Machine

Conventional vacuum control in a milking system is accomplished by using a vacuum pump, sized for the maximum air flows into the milking system, running at a full speed. The difference between the pump capacity and the necessary flow of air is compensated by allowing air to enter the system through a regulator. The solution presented in this paper uses a VFD （variable frequency driver） in order to drive the vacuum pump at a controlled speed, so that the air removed equals the air entering the milking system. The VFD technology is able to adjust the rate of air removal from the milking system, by changing the speed of the vacuum pump motor. The VFD is controlled by a computer using a virtual instrument in order to emulate a PID （proportion integration differentiation） regulator. The tests aimed to evaluate the vacuum regulator characteristics and vacuum stability. A statistical analysis of the experimental results was performed and it showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental results obtained for the two methods of vacuum regulation （with vacuum regulator and VFD controller respectively）. The experimental results proved that the used of the VFD controller led to a higher vacuum stability in terms of the error between the set vacuum value and the achieved values.     

Source localization and calibration using TDOA and FDOA measurements in the presence of sensor location uncertainty

Source localization accuracy is very sensitive to sensor location error.This paper performs analysis and develops a solution for locating a moving source using time difference of arrival(TDOA)and frequency difference of arrival(FDOA)measurements with the use of a calibration emitter.Using a Gaussian random signal model,we first derive the Cram′er-Rao lower bound(CRLB)for source location estimate in this scenario.Then we analyze the differential calibration technique which is commonly used in Global Positioning System.It is indicated that the differential calibration cannot attain the CRLB accuracy in most cases.A closed-form solution is then proposed which takes a calibration emitter into account to reduce sensor location error.It is shown analytically that under some mild approximations,our approach is able to reach the CRLB accuracy.Numerical simulations are included to corroborate the theoretical developments.     

分段自相关频率估计算法研究

针对两步自相关频率估计算法（TSA算法）的估计性能和计算量不能兼顾的缺点, 提出了基于正弦信号LP性质的分段自相关频率估计新算法。该算法首先将观测信号二等分, 得到与源信号频率相同、相位不同且噪声互不相关的观测信号, 然后利用正弦信号的LP性质, 结合自相关函数建立参数估计方程, 得到高精度频率估计算法, 最后通过多次蒙特卡洛仿真对算法的有效性进行了验证。仿真结果表明, 分段自相关算法整体优于TSA算法, 有较强的实用性。     

MIMO-OFDM信号参数盲估计方法

为解决非协作通信中多输入多输出-正交频分复用(MIMO-OFDM)信号的参数盲估计问题,提出基于循环自相关结合四阶循环累积量的多参数估计方法。求MIMO-OFDM信号的自相关函数,对其傅里叶变换后得到循环自相关函数,通过对循环自相关三维图不同切面的分析估计出符号周期、有用符号时间、循环前缀时间;求MIMO-OFDM信号的四阶循环累积量,通过检测峰值的数目及其对应的循环频率估计出子载波数及子载波频率。仿真结果表明,在较低信噪比下,所提算法可准确估计出MIMO-OFDM信号的多个参数。     

一种基于循环相关的OFDM信号稳健检测法*

为增强对OFDM信号的侦察能力,提出一种基于最大循环相关值的OFDM信号检测法,分析了OFDM信号的循环平稳性。分析结果表明,循环相关函数在循环频率轴上具有离散频率峰值,其峰值幅度是保护间隔与OFDM符号长度比的正弦函数。给出了基于循环相关检测的恒虚警接收机结构框图。计算机仿真结果表明,基于循环相关的检测法在理想噪声环境下比传统的能量检测法性能差5 dB,但在噪声不确定的条件下,其检测性能比能量检测法更加稳健。     

一种基于序列零初相位调制的新型正弦信号频率测量方法

高准确度的正弦信号频率测量技术有广泛的应用,如应用于系统信号的同步处理,系统的谐波和系统的阻抗测量.但在低频正弦信号频率测量方面,现有的频率测量方法普遍存在准确度不高和抗谐波噪声干扰性不强等问题.文中提出了一种主要由序列零初相位调制等方法构成的新型正弦信号频率测量方法,分析了序列零初相位调制的原理.新方法避开了输入序列任意初相位的影响,同时调制序列携带了数值较大的信号序列全相位差信息,可实现准确度较高的低频正弦信号频率测量,此外新方法还具有较强的抗谐波噪声干扰特性,将新方法具体应用于电力系统正弦频率的测量,显示出明显的优越性.通过数学计算、仿真实验及物理实验结果验证了新型正弦信号频率测量方法的正确性和可靠性.     

两类具有极低自相关性的二元序列

对两类周期分别为 N=2(mod 4)和N=0(mod 4)的二元序列的自相关性进行了研究。通过利用周期为 N=1(mod 4)的平衡二元序列的相关性分布特征对用其构造出的上述两类序列的自相关性进行了分布研究及出现频率研究,同时给出上述两类序列的自相关性只存在固定取值且每个取值出现的频率是一定的。结果表明,这两类序列具有良好的周期自相关性,且自相关分布频率是确定的,在密码学和通信领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

地空信道下基于OFDM/OQAM系统的时频同步算法

针对正交频分复用/交错正交幅度调制（OFDM/OQAM）系统无循环前缀而对时偏误差敏感,以及在具有大多普勒频移的快时变地空信道下对频偏估计要求较高的问题,提出了一种适用于地空信道OFDM/OQAM系统的自相关估计（ACE）时频同步算法。该算法中符号定时采用较少的辅助序列实现快速捕获和定时,频偏估计通过优选同步自相关序列进行两次自相关运算,将两次运算估计的频偏值进行加权平均,获得最终频偏估计值。在计算机上进行仿真,其中与改进最小二乘（MLS）算法和训练序列（TR2）算法相比,ACE算法符号定时相关峰值对比度提高至原来的3倍;在飞行状态下系统误码率（BER）为10^-2时有10dB信噪比增益,在地空信道到达状态下BER为10^-3时有3dB信噪比增益。仿真结果表明,ACE算法进一步提升了时频同步精度和误码性能。     

正交正弦调频通信与SC-FDMA通信系统性能的对比分析

正弦调频键控是一种非单频波带通调制方法,正弦调频通信系统可以实现较高服务质量的无线通信,具有较好的多普勒频移抑制能力,因此适用于二高速移动环境下的无线通信系统.本文针对无线信道适应能力.对正交弦调频通信和目前LTE上行传输链路的单载波频分复用（SC FDMA）通信系统做出性能比较分析.     

Parameter estimation of MC-CDMA signals based on modified cyclic autocorrelation

An algorithm, based on frequency domain accumulation for the cyclic autocorrelation of MC-CDMA signals, is proposed to estimate the signal parameters: useful data duration, symbol duration, and chip duration in multipath fading channel. Firstly the cycle autocorrelation of received MC-CDMA signals is computed, then frequency domain accumulation is used to reduce the influence of noise. At last, through interval measurement between the peak pulses in different slices, parameters mentioned above can be estimated. Meanwhile, for the estimation of symbol duration, a novel accumulative average method is developed: by averaging amplitudes of the spectral lines in each column parallel to the time-delay axis in the three-dimensional diagram, the symbol duration can be obtained. The cyclic autocorrelation expression of MC-CDMA signal has been derived, and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is effective and works well under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).     

小波理论在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

主要研究小波变换消噪的性能,以及循环自相关函数分析算法。在理论分析的基础上,对多组实测信号进行了基于小波阈值消噪的自相关函数分析,通过仿真结果,指出对自相关函数幅值进行谱分析,可有效提取出滚动轴承故障特征频率并抑制其他频率成分的干扰,仿真结果证明了该方法的有效性。