Anisotropic Variation Law of Rock Permeability with the Burial Depth of Limestone

Permeability tensors of both macrofracture and microfracture systems were measured progressively along the depth of limestone formations at severed sites. It was found that the principal permeability values KX, Ky and Kz in these permeability tensors all decrease simultaneously and logarithmically with depth. However, the limestone aquifers are composed of an upper region where the larger permeability ellipsoid is upright or prolate and characterized by Kz>Kx and Kz>Ky, a transitional zone, and a lower zone whose smaller permeability ellipsoid is horizontal or oblate and characterized by KZ相似文献   

贵州梵净山基性-超基性岩地质、岩石特征及类型的初步探讨

The Fanjingshan group, located in the Mt. Fanjing Region, Guizhou Province, is a flysch formation with a thickness of over 10000 meters. Intrusive basic rocks, varying in thickness, consist mainly of layered gabbrodiabase and diabase. Hornstone, spotted slate and ,albite-quartz-slate are commonly recognized in hanging and foot wall rocks as a result of contact metamorphism. Spilite with pillow structure, averaging about 100 meters in thickness, is also widespread. Ultramafic rocks have relatively limited occurrence, accounting for only 13 percent of the total thickness of the intrusives. Alpine ultrabasic rocks have not been found as separate mass. Ultramafic products resulted from in-situ differentiation are noticed and can be assigned to the iron series of ultrabasie rocks. The intrusive basic rocks are classified as subvolcanics that intruded at shallow depth. They are considered to share a common source, to have emplaced into the same position and to be contemporaneous with the sea floor volcanic-spilite, ,and in accordance with its characters, should be assigned to oohidite suit.     

中国若干钨矿床相平衡关系

This paper reviews the features of several tungsten ore deposits in southern China, including the Shezhuyuan, Yaogangxian, Xihuashan, Danping, Yiatang and Dajishan mines. The authors think that the formation depth of greisen-type deposits is intermediate between the depths of pegmatite- and porphyry- type deposits. Using phase diagrams of the model system K2O-AhO3-SiO2-H2O-HF, the formation mechanism of greisens has been argued. The variation of mineral assemblages from K-feldspar, muscovite to topaz reflects a gradual increase in acidity. This variation can be used as a criterion to appreciate the depth of mineralization. Equilibria of tungsten minerals in greisen and skarn deposits can be depicted on chemical potential diagrams of the model system CaO-FeO-WO3-CO2-F2O-1. The assemblage wolframite fluorite is shown to have been transformed to scheelite magnetite with decreasing μHP. Depending on CO2 activity in the fluids, there are two distinct phase diagrams.One shows that wolframite is incompatible with calcite, and the other demonstrates that scheelite is incompatible with rhodochrosite. On the phase diagrams of the model system FeO-MnO-WO3-F2S-1, huebnerite is transformed to ferberite with increasing μP1O-1orμF2S-1,During the replacement of wolframite by scheelite, the wolframite residue must have been enriched in Mn.     

The Yadong-Golmud Geoscience Transect in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

On the basis of abundant geological and geophysical data. 6 terranes have been distinguished on theQinghai-Tibet Plateau. The plateau is a single integrated lithospheric unit although it is divided into blocks.With Amdo as a boundary. the crust may be divided into two parts with different crustal structures. The struc-ture in the southern part is complex, while that in the northern part is simple. The current study has revealedthat 8 factors such as slab subduction. overthrust and superimposition are responsible for crustal shorteningand thickening in the region. The uplift of this region is possibly due to northward compression of the Indianplate and southward compression of the Eurasian plate with the former predominating. The compression led tothe asthenospheric movements which were also influenced by thermal activity caused by doming at the bound-ary between the core and mantle.     

Analysis of Reservoir Forming Conditions and Prediction of Continuous Tight Gas Reservoirs for the Deep Jurassic in the Eastern Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin

The exploration targets in the Kuqa Depression at present are mainly structure traps in Cretaceous-Tertiary. Due to the complexity of mountain distribution and reservoir forming conditions, the exploration of Jurassic in the eastern Kuqa Depression has been in a state of semi-stagnation since the discovery of the Yinan-2 gas reservoir. According to the concept and theory of “continuous petroleum reservoirs” and the re-analysis of the forming conditions of the Yinan-2 gas reservoir and regional natural gas in the eastern Kuqa Depression, it is believed that the deep Jurassic has good natural gas accumulation conditions as well as geological conditions for forming continuous tight gas reservoirs. The boundary of the Yinan-2 gas reservoir is not controlled by a structural spillpoint. The downdip part of the structure is dominated by gas, while the hanging wall of the fault is filled by water and forming obvious inverted gas and water. The gas reservoir has the normal temperature and ultra-high pressure which formed in the near source or inner-source. All of these characteristics indicate that the Yinan-2 gas reservoir is different from conventional gas reservoirs. The deep Jurassic in the eastern Kuqa Depression has multisets of source-reservoir-cap assemblages, which comprise interbedded sandstones and mudstones. These assemblages are characterized by a self-generation, self-preserving and self-coverage model. Reservoir sandstones and coal measure mudstones are interbedded with each other at a large scale. As the source rocks, Triassic-Jurassic coal measure mudstones distribute continuously at a large scale and can generate and expel hydrocarbon. Source rocks contact intimately with the overlying sandstone reservoirs. During the late stage of hydrocarbon expulsion, natural gas charged continuously and directly into the neighboring reservoirs. Petroleum migrated mainly in a vertical direction over short distances. With ultra-high pressure and strong charging intensity, natural gas accumulated continuously. Reservoirs are dominated by sandstones of braided delta facies. The sand bodies distribute continuously horizontal. With low porosity and low permeability, the reservoirs are featured by strong heterogeneity. It is hypothesized that the sandstones of the interior depression tend to be relatively tight with increasing depth and structure stress weakness. Thus, it is predicted that continuous tight gas reservoirs of ultra-high pressure may exist in the deep formations of the eastern and even the whole Kuqa Depression. So, it is worth evaluating the exploration potential.     

Source of ore-forming material for the Huangtuliang gold deposit,Hebei Province and ore prospecting in the deep periphery

The Huangtuliang gold deposit is characterized by its wide and large ore belt, stable extension and closely spaced orebodies. Unfortunately, no orebody was found by deep drilling. As a result, ore prospecting in this region was once put into dilemma. Detailed analysis of ore-forming and ore-controlling structures in the mining district by the authors has revealed that the ore-forming and ore-controlling structure in this mining district is a steeply dipping （85°-110°/∠70°-85° N-NNE）, spade-shaped ductile shear zone, and the ore-controlling structures are a series of nearly erected second-ordered faults which are developed in the upper part of the ductile shear zone, inter-secting with the ductile shear zone. Deep cutting of the ductile shear zone made it possible the ascending of ore fluids from the mantle plume at depth and these ore fluids would migrate upwards along the ductile shear zone under certain temperature and pressure conditions. Along their ascending path, the ore fluids would extract ore-forming elements from the country rocks and the extracted ore-forming elements would be deposited as ores in the hang- ing-wall second-ordered faults. The reason why no orebody was found in early prospecting at depth is that north- ward-dipping drilling in the southern part of the shear zone extended so deeply as to be beneath the shear zone. Only shallow-level orebodies could be found by southward-dipping drilling practice in the northern part of the shear zone. The location where deep-seated orebodies occurred shifted northwards and the orebodies occurred at greater depth. Therefore, it is natural that no orebody could be found when drill core passed through the shear zone. After the ore-forming and ore-controlling structures were well understood, the focus of ore prospecting was placed on the deep-level, northward-penetrating veins. In this way a number of new blind orebodies of great thickness have been found. On the basis of research development in the mining district, a prospecting plan has been made     

Structural Characteristics of the Basement beneath Qiangtang Basin in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau: Results of Interaction Interpretation from Seismic Reflection/Refraction Data

The studies on configuration, character/property of the basement of Qiangtang basin is helpful for evaluating petroleum and nature gas resources as well as understanding the basin evolvement. Recently a moderate to high-grade metamorphic gneiss rock was found underlying beneath very low metamorphic Ordovician strata in Mayer Kangri to the north of the central uplift. That fact actually proved existence of the crystalline basement just the distribution and structures of pre-Paleozoic crystalline basement still remain puzzle. In recent years a number of active sources deep seismic profiling, to aim at lithospheric structure of northern Tibet and petroleum resources of the Qiangtang basin, had been conducted that make it possible to image the structure of the basement of the Qiangtang. Near vertical reflection profiles, included those acquired previously and those during 2004 to 2008, have been utilized in this study. By through the interaction process and interpretation between the reflection profiles and the wide-angle profile, a model with the detailed structure and velocity distribution from surface to the depth of 20 km of Qiangtang basin has been imaged.Based on the results and discussions of this study, the preliminary conclusions are as follows: (1) The velocity structure section (~20 km) that is interactively constrained by the refraction and reflection seismic data reveals that the sedimentary stratum gently lie until 10 km in the south Qiangtang basin. (2) The basement consists of fold basement (the upper) and crystalline basement (the lower).The fold basement buried at the average depth of 6 km with a velocity of 5.2–5.8 km/s. The shallowest appear at range of the central uplift. The crystalline basement is underlying beneath the fold basement at the average depth of 10 km with a velocity of 5.9–6.0 km/s except near Bangong-Nujiang suture. (3) The high-velocity body at the depth range of 3–6 km of the central uplift is considered as a fragment of the crystalline basement that perhaps was raised by Thermal or deformation. (4) The lower-consolidated fold basement show more affinity of Yangtze block but the crystalline basement seems more approximate to Lhasa terrene in geophysical nature. We have attempted to improve the resolution and reliability by interaction of the active seismic data and prove it effective to image complex basement structure. It will be a potential to process the piggy-back acquisition data and has wide prospects.     

某地含黑稀金矿花岗岩脉的初步研究

An investigation has been conducted of the geological and geochemical characteristics of euxenitebearing granitic veins found for the first time in China. It is shown that these veins are late intrusives in an Yah Shah granitic complex at a geosyclinal folded zone and composed mainly of medium grained biotite granite in which the local enrichment of euxenite during the late period of magmatic activity is obvious. The mineral has been found to be metamiet and chemically represent a transitional member between euxenite and polyclase. This study has provided a typical example that gralitic melts with a lower initial content of rare elements would contribute significantly to the local enrichment of rare element minerals under special external conditions.     

Reserve and Pressure Change of Paleo-oil Reservoir in Puguang Area,Sichuan Basin

The Puguang (普光) gas field is the largest gas field found in marine carbonates in China.The Feixiangnan (飞仙关) and Changxing (长兴) reservoirs are two such reservoirs that had been buried to a depth of about 7 000 m and experienced maximum temperature of up to 220 ℃ before uplift to the present-day depth of 5 000-5 500 m,with present-day thermal maturity between 2.0% and 3.0% equivalent vitrinite reflectance (Ro).Bitumen staining is ubiquitous throughout the Feixianguan and Changxing formations,with the greatest concentrations in zones with the highest porosity and permeability,suggesting that the solid bitumen is the result of in-situ cracking of oil.According to the distribution of bitumen in the core,the paleo-oil boundary can be approximately determined.The paleo-oil resource is calculated to be about (0.61-0.92)×109 t (average 0.76×109 t),and the cracked gas volume is about (380.80-595.80)×109 m3 (average 488.30×109 m3); at least 58.74% of cracked gas is preserved in Puguang gas field.The study area experienced not only the cracking of oil but also thermochemical sulfate reduction,resulting in large quantities of nonhydrocarbon gas,with about 15.2% H2S and 8.3% CO2,together with the structural reconfiguration.During the whole process,the great change of volume and pressure compels the PVTsim modeling software to simulate various factors,such as the cracking of oil,the thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) and the tectonic uplift in both isolated and open geological conditions,respectively.The results show that although any one of these factors may induce greater pressure changes in an isolated system than in a closed system,the oil cracking and C3+involving TSR lead to overpressure during the early stage of gas reservoir.Therefore,the tectonic uplift and the methane-dominated TSR,as well as the semi-open system contribute to the reducing pressure resulting in the current normal formation pressure.     

Lower Boundary of the Marine Pleistocene in Northern Shelf of the South China Sea

A marine stratigraphic sequence across the Pliocene / Pleistocene boundary has been found in the north-ern continental shelf of the South China Sea. The marine Quaternary deposits in the Yinggehai Basin may ex-ceed 2,000 m in thickness, probably providing the best section for studying the lower boundary of the marinePleistocene in South China. The vertical succession with planktonic foraminifers and nannofossils revealed inboreholes in the basin has been well correlated with that in the international stratotype section of thePliocene / Pleistocene boundary at Vrica, Italy, resulting in the acquirement of a biostratigraphic boundary at1.64 Ma. This boundary, however, does not coincide with any prominent lithological palaeoenvironmentalchanges in the study area and can hardly be used in geological practice. There are, in contrast, significantchanges at the level of LAD of Globorotalia multicamerata sensu lato located below the above-mentionedboundary. The percentage of planktonic foraminifers in the total population and preservation of foraminiferaltests display great changes at this level corresponding to a clear onlap on the seismic profiles and indicating adepositional hiatus at ca. 2.0-2.5 Ma. Since the level can be widely traced in the Pearl River Mouth Basin andthe Beibu Gulf Basin and well corresponds with the marked depositional environmental changes recorded inthe west Pacific and other regions, it is recommended that the Plio / Pleistocene boundary be drawn at the levelof Gr. multicamerata sensu lato LAD, roughly concurrent with the Gauss / Matuyama turn.     

砂泥岩裂隙岩体埋深和岩性对渗透性影响分析

采用表征岩体渗透性的单位吸水量ω为参数,有效地分析了砂泥岩裂隙岩体中相对埋深和岩性对渗透性空间分布规律的影响.研究区内,在不同深度单位吸水量的最大值和最小值相差3-4个数量级,渗透性表现出显著的随机特征.通过将压水试验数据离散化并在不同深度上取logω的平均值,凸现了渗透性的结构特征.ω均值在一定范围内随相对深度表现出负指数分布规律;剔除logω的线性趋势项后,logω残差表现出与地层内部岩性相对应的规律.此外,研究还发现,渗透性参数随相对深度呈负指数分布规律是由含裂隙的砂岩介质引起的.这些规律为裂隙岩体的渗流计算和模拟奠定了基础.文章所提出的对压水试验数据离散化并在不同深度取均值以找出渗透性和深度关系,以及去除线性趋势项研究渗透性和岩性之间关系等方法具有广泛的应用价值.     

低应力与覆水环境下单裂隙粉砂质泥岩渗流特性

为探究不同外部环境因素影响下浅层粉砂质泥岩边坡裂隙渗流特性,采用自主研发的岩体裂隙渗流试验装置,对含6种不同裂隙面粗糙度（JRC）的粉砂质泥岩裂隙试样进行渗流试验,研究了不同低围压和覆水深度下粉砂质泥岩裂隙渗流特性。结果表明：不同覆水深度及JRC下围压与粉砂质泥岩裂隙渗透系数均呈反相关,两者之间关系可用幂函数表征,且渗透系数的降低过程可分为快速降低（围压为0～30 kPa）和缓慢降低（围压为30～50 kPa）两个阶段,CT扫描结果验证了围压增大使得粉砂质泥岩裂隙开度减小是渗透系数随围压增大而减小的主要原因。随围压的增大或覆水深度的减小,不同JRC粉砂质泥岩裂隙渗透系数的离散程度逐渐减小。当围压增至最大,同时覆水深度最小时,JRC对裂隙渗透系数的影响将会被消除。不同围压下,粉砂质泥岩裂隙渗透系数与覆水深度呈正相关,且两者关系可用指数函数表征。推导出了粉砂质泥岩裂隙渗流非线性Izabsh模型,该模型能较好地反映低应力及低流速下粉砂质泥岩裂隙渗流量与压力梯度之间的非线性变化关系,但随围压的增大,该模型的相关性有一定程度的减小。     

砂岩透镜体成藏动力学过程模拟与含油气性定量预测

砂岩透镜体油藏作为我国东部油气储量增长的重点, 其成藏动力学研究对于搞清这类特殊油气藏的成藏机理及定量评价和预测圈闭的含油气性具有重要意义.本文利用数值模拟结合地质分析的方法, 在对成藏动力与成藏阻力进行系统分析的基础上, 通过建立成藏动力地质模型和数学模型及成藏动力学特征方程, 对砂岩透镜体成藏过程进行模拟.研究结果表明, 成藏主动力包括砂泥岩毛细管压力差、烃浓度差引起的扩散力、烃生成产生的膨胀力, 成藏阻力主要为砂体内毛细管阻力及岩石的粘滞力和吸附力; 东营凹陷岩性油气藏能否成藏主要受泥岩排烃强度、储层孔隙度、渗透率、地层埋藏深度、泥(页岩) 厚度与砂体厚度之比等因素的综合影响; 岩性油气藏的形成具有阶段性, 在晚成岩阶段, 成藏动力大于成藏阻力, 油气开始充注, 岩性油气藏的形成存在门限深度.利用成藏动力学特征模拟, 建立了成藏动力与含油性的定量关系, 还可以很好地对平面上砂体的含油饱和度分布进行预测.      

松辽盆地湖相泥岩地层有机碳分布特征及层序分析

松辽盆地湖相泥岩地层中有机碳呈有规律的分布。在纵向上,特定的地层沉积单元常显示出底部有机碳含量高而向上含量逐渐减小的变化趋势。这种变化规律与相对湖平面的升降及沉积物的供给有关,并且可以在电阻率和声波时差叠覆曲线上以不同程度的幅度差表现出来。根据这种叠覆的测井曲线对松辽盆地英台地区嫩江组泥岩地层中的有机质丰度以及地层层序进行了分析。英台地区嫩江组一、二段泥岩地层以嫩一段和嫩二段下部地层的有机质丰度较高。从泥岩层序对比及测井曲线幅度差分析,该时期英台地区沉积物源来自于北部,其南部烃源岩有机质含量要高于北部。以嫩江组为主要烃源岩的黑帝庙油层的勘探也证实了这一点.     

低势控藏特征与动力学机制及在油气勘探中的作用

含油气盆地油气藏的形成和分布受低势场控制.济阳坳陷已发现的油气藏分布特征表明: 在势场作用下, 油气只能进入到孔隙度超过某一临界值或内部势能低于周边势能2倍到100倍以上的储层内聚集成藏; 随着埋深加大和储层孔隙度变小, 圈闭聚集油气成藏的临界条件呈规律性变化, 即埋深较大的圈闭成藏时要求的相对势能较浅部储层的势差更大.动力学分析和物理模拟实验研究表明, 地表条件下储层聚集油气的前提条件是其孔喉半径大于周边围岩的两倍以上; 地下储层聚集油气的前提是它与周围介质间的毛细管力之差大于储层内部的毛细管力与上覆静水柱压力之和.圈闭内外势差越大, 它们聚集油气的饱和度越大, 聚集的油气量越多.低势控藏特征与动力学机制分析表明: 对深层来说, 只要储层的物性比周边围岩的物性好到一定程度就能成藏, 即便本身低孔低渗也能有油气聚集.通俗的说, 油气成藏没有死亡线(不考虑油藏经济价值), 这就极大地扩充了含油气盆地油气勘探的领域和深度; 对浅层来说, 高孔渗砂体周边的相对低孔渗砂体能作为有效盖层, 不一定需要有巨厚泥岩充当盖层, 这一观点的提出可以在一定程度上扩大浅层油气勘探的领域和有利区.      

东营凹陷富有机质烃源岩顺层微裂隙的发育与油气运移

根据岩心观察，在东营凹陷沙河街组三段下亚段和沙河街组四段上亚段烃源岩中，发现大量顺层面分布的微裂隙，且大部分为亮晶方解石所充填。裂隙发育段在平面上的展布较广，在纵向上始于2900～3000m左右，与烃源岩成熟阶段对应。岩石学和有机地化研究表明，裂隙一般限于高有机质丰度、纹层理发育的页岩中，而有机质丰度较低、具块状层理的泥岩一般不发育，表现出较强的非均质性。裂隙发育与有机质丰度以及成熟度的关系表明，烃类生成是水平裂隙产生的主要原因。进入成熟阶段的富有机质烃源岩大量生烃，造成孔隙流体压力迅速上升，并最终导致顺层裂隙的产生。由于沙河街组三段下亚段和沙河街组四段上亚段以泥、页岩互层为特征，因而裂隙发育的非均质性造成裂隙发育段与裂隙不发育段的纵向叠置，并决定了其排烃过程以近似于三角洲前缘砂泥岩互层的排烃方式，从而一定程度提高了烃源岩的排烃速率和排烃效率。     

Rheological properties of the upper mantle of Northern Eurasia and nature of regional boundaries according to the data of long-range seismic profiles

Deep seismic investigation carried out in Russia in long-range profiles with peaceful nuclear explosions allowed clarifying in details the structure of the upper mantle and the transition zone down to the depth of 700 km within the huge territory of old and young platforms of Northern Eurasia. Variability of horizontal heterogeneity of the upper mantle depending on the depth serves to qualitative estimation of its rheological properties. The upper part of the mantle to the depth of 80–100 km is characterized by the block structure with significant velocity steps of seismic waves at the blocks often divided by deep faults. This is the most rigid part of lithosphere. Below 100 km horizontal heterogeneity is insignificant, i.e., at these depths the substance is more plastic and not capable to retain block structure. On the lithosphere bottom at the depth of 200–250 km plasticity increase is observed as well but the zone of the lower velocities that might have been bound with the area of partial melting (asthenosphere) has not been found. These three layers with different rheological properties are divided by seismic boundaries presented by thin layering zones with alternating higher and lower velocities. At the specified depths any phase boundaries have been distinguished. These thin layering zones are assumed to form due to higher concentration of deep fluids at some levels of depths where mechanical properties and permeability of substance change. Insignificant number of fluids may result in appearance of streaks with partial or film melting at relatively low temperature—to the rise of the weakened zones where subhorizontal shifts are possible. According to seismic data in many world regions seismic boundaries are also observed at the depth of about 100 and 200 km; they may be globally spread. There are signs that areas of xenoliths formation and earthquake concentration, i.e., zones of high deformations, are confined to these depths.     

Evolution of sealing efficiency for CO2 geological storage due to mineral alteration within a hydrogeologically heterogeneous caprock

In CO₂ geological storage (CGS) context, the evolution of the caprock sealing capacity has received increasing attention, particularly on a geological time span (thousands of years). At this time scale, geochemical reactions may enhance or weaken the caprock quality. It is widely recognized that, for the reservoir, geological heterogeneities affect the concentration and spatial distribution of CO₂, and then affect the extent of gas–water–rock interactions, which in turn alters the hydrogeological properties of the reservoir. However, much less attention of these effects has been paid to the caprock. In this study, we presented and applied a novel approach to evaluate the effects of permeability and porosity heterogeneities on the alteration of minerals, the associated evolution of the caprock sealing efficiency and the containment of supercritical CO₂ (scCO₂) within the caprock. Even though this is a generic study, several conditions and parameters such as pressure, permeability, and mineral composition, were extracted from a caprock layer of the Shiqianfeng Formation in the Ordos Basin demonstration site in China. For the sake of simplification, a 2-dimensional model was designed to represent the caprock domain. We firstly generated an appropriate heterogeneous random field of permeability with the average permeability taken from the uppermost mudstone layer of the Shiqianfeng Formation, and then the heterogeneity in porosity was incorporated using a joint normal distribution method based on the available data. Homogeneous mineral compositions of the reservoir and caprock were used in all simulations. Simulations of three cases were performed, including a homogeneous case, a case with only permeability heterogeneity and a case with both permeability and porosity heterogeneities. The results demonstrate dramatic influences of permeability and porosity heterogeneities on the migration of scCO₂ within the caprock, the alteration of minerals, and therefore the evolution of the caprock sealing quality. Specific to the data used in this study, hydrogeological heterogeneities facilitated the overall penetration of scCO₂ within the caprock and promoted the alteration of minerals, thereby weakening the caprock sealing efficiency over the simulation time.     

Extension of the Henry semi-analytical solution for saltwater intrusion in stratified domains

The Henry semi-analytical solution is developed for stratified aquifers with exponential and Gaussian permeability–depth relationships and small dispersion. The semi-analytical solution is sought by expanding the stream function and the concentration in an infinite Fourier series truncated at given orders. Due to the heterogeneity, the semi-analytical solution contains additional terms and quickly becomes impractical because of the high truncation orders required to yield stable results. An appropriate evaluation of the most expensive term, involving fairly complex summations, is proposed to render the computation of the semi-analytical solution affordable. Three configurations with the same transmissivity as that for the homogeneous Henry problem are investigated. The first configuration considers an exponential decay of the permeability (k) with depth. The second and third configurations consider an exponential increase and a Gaussian high-low-high distribution of k with depth, respectively. The three configurations are also investigated numerically using an accurate numerical code based on the method of lines and advanced spatial discretization schemes. An excellent agreement is obtained between the semi-analytical and the numerical solutions for all test cases. The results show that the amount of saltwater intrusion is strongly dependent on the heterogeneity. Further, the heterogeneous Henry problem is found to be more suitable for benchmarking density-driven numerical codes because the numerical solution is more sensitive to the grid size than for the homogeneous problem.     

碳酸盐岩储层渗透率预测

碳酸盐岩渗透率受岩石结构控制,而岩石结构是沉积和成岩共同作用的结果,碳酸盐岩储层渗透率的定量计算和预测是高效开发碳酸盐岩气田的重要依据.同传统指数模型、Winland-Pittman模型、Garman-Kozeny模型、Bryant-Finney模型相比,一般渗透率计算模型更能将岩石渗透率和地质参数有机地联系起来.采用一般渗透率模型,根据岩石原始水饱和度测定数据和薄片孔隙度,再结合钻井岩芯、岩屑和常规测井(自然伽马和深侧向电阻率)等资料,将岩石结构数与岩石物性及沉积旋回联系起来,对四川盆地某探井鲕滩气层的渗透率进行了定量计算,进而分析储层段渗透率垂向变化和沉积旋回间的关系,为在高频层序旋回内精确选定开发层段提供了可靠依据.