Evaluation of metalloproteinase 2 and 9 levels and their inhibitors in diabetic and healthy subjects

OBJECTIVES: We hypothesized that molecules active in vascular remodeling (i.e. MMPs and their TIMPs) could be modified in diabetic patients, as indirect markers of the diabetes related generalized abnormality of vascular activity. To test this hypothesis, we measured the plasma levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 in type 2 diabetic patients and in healthy subjects. METHODS: We enrolled 181 diabetic patients and 165 controls. We measured body mass index (BMI), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI), homeostasis model assessment index (HOMA index), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (Tg), lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)], plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), homocysteine (Hct) fibrinogen (Fg), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), and plasma levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2. RESULTS: A significant increase (P<0.0001) of BMI, HbA(1c), FPG, FPI, HOMA index, SBP, DBP, TC, LDL-C, Tg, Lp(a), PAI-1, Hct, Fg, and hs-CRP was present in the diabetic group, with a significant decrease (P<0.0001) of HDL-C levels compared to healthy subjects. MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were significantly higher (P<0.0001) in diabetic patients. Significant TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 increase was also observed (P<0.0001) in the diabetic group. CONCLUSION: Plasma levels of MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 are increased in diabetic patients which may reflect abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) metabolism.     

PAI-1、Fg与2型糖尿病患者颈动脉硬化的研究

目的分析循环血中纤溶酶原激活物抑制物-1(PAI-1)、纤维蛋白原(Fg)在2型糖尿病人群及非糖尿病人群中的差异。探讨PAI-1、Fg与2型糖尿病患者颈动脉硬化的相关性。方法对158例心内科住院患者及42名健康体检者检查血糖、空腹胰岛素、血脂、尿酸(UA)、血常规、凝血三项、PAI-1、Fg,测量血压、腰围(WC)、身高和体重,并计算体重指数(BMI);通过颈动脉超声测量颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)。分析PAI-1、Fg与2型糖尿病患者IMT的相关性。结果与正常对照组人群相比,2型糖尿病组患者PAI-1、Fg水平明显升高(P<0.05),2型糖尿病合并颈动脉硬化组患者PAI-1、Fg水平均显著高于2型糖尿病无颈动脉硬化组患者及正常对照组人群(P<0.05)。多元回归分析显示,2型糖尿病患者的血浆PAI-1、Fg水平与颈动脉IMT独立相关,提示体内PAI-1、Fg水平的高低与2型糖尿病患者颈动脉硬化程度密切相关。结论 PAI-1、Fg水平升高可能是2型糖尿病合并大血管病变的危险因素。     

Peripheral blood level alterations of TIMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in patients with type 1 diabetes.

AIM: To determine the plasma levels of enzymes and inhibitors involved in extracellular matrix turnover in patients with Type 1 diabetes with normal renal function. METHODS: Plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 (MMP-2, MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) were measured in 43 Type 1 diabetic subjects and age- and sex-matched controls. RESULTS: No significant difference in plasma MMP-2 between diabetic patients and controls was observed. MMP-9 was detected in the plasma of 15 diabetic patients (35%), but undetectable in all control subjects (P < 0.015). Plasma TIMP-1 concentrations were significantly elevated (P < 0.001) in diabetic patients compared to controls. There was no correlation observed between MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 and similarly between MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 and age, duration of diabetes, blood pressure and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). CONCLUSIONS: This study has demonstrated alterations in several plasma extracellular matrix modulators in the absence of significant vascular disease.     

辛伐他汀对不同血脂水平急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清基质金属蛋白酶水平的影响

目的　研究正常血脂和高血脂急性冠状动脉综合征 (ACS)患者应用辛伐他汀对抑制动脉粥样硬化斑块细胞外基质降解 ,减少炎症反应 ,稳定斑块的作用。方法　采用双盲、随机、对照方法 ,将正常血脂 (NC组 )和高血脂 (HC组 )ACS患者分为他汀治疗组 (辛伐他汀 2 0mg d ,共 8周。NC组 ,n =33;HC组 ,n =36 )和他汀对照组 (NC组 ,n =32 ,HC组 ,n =36 ) ;于治疗前后分别测定血清基质金属蛋白酶 (MMP) 1、MMP 9、基质金属蛋白酶抑制因子 (TIMP) 1、MMP 9 TIMP 1、高敏C 反应蛋白(hs CRP)水平。结果　 (1)治疗前NC、HC各组的血清MMP 1、MMP 9、MMP 9 TIMP 1、TIMP 1、hs CRP水平均较健康对照组 (n =6 0 )明显增高 ,与血脂水平不相关。 (2 )经辛伐他汀治疗 8周后 ,两治疗组血清MMP 1、MMP 9、MMP 9 TIMP 1、hs CRP水平均明显降低 ,血清TIMP 1水平无显著性差异。HC他汀治疗组血清总胆固醇 (TC)、甘油三酯 (TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇 (LDL C)水平明显降低 ,高密度脂蛋白质胆固醇 (HDL C)水平略有上升 ;NC他汀治疗组血清TC、LDL C水平明显下降 ,TG、HDL C水平略有上升和下降 ,但无显著差异。结论　在正常血脂和高血脂ACS患者中 ,早期应用他汀治疗 ,可减少斑块基质成分的降解和炎症反应 ,具有稳定斑块作用。     

The A-to-Z Trial: Methods and rationale for a single trial investigating combined use of low-molecular-weight heparin with the glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban and defining the efficacy of early aggressive simvastatin therapy

BACKGROUND: Previous studies on atherectomy specimens from patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) implicated the role of proteolytic enzymes. We examined whether the plasma levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) were increased in the coronary circulation in ACS. METHODS AND RESULTS: The plasma levels (nanograms per milliliter) of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the aorta (Ao) and great cardiac vein (GCV) were measured in 29 patients with ACS (20 with acute myocardial infarction [group 1] and 9 with unstable angina [group 2]), 17 with stable effort angina (group 3), and 20 control subjects (group 4). Group 1 patients had occlusion in the left anterior descending artery (LAD), and groups 2 and 3 patients had culprit lesion in the LAD. In group 1 blood samples were obtained at the time of direct coronary angioplasty done within 12 hours after the onset. The Ao level of either MMP-9 or TIMP-1 did not differ among the 4 groups. The GCV-Ao differences in MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were both significantly increased in groups 1 and 2 compared with those in group 4. Neither of them was different between groups 3 and 4. Neither the GCV-Ao difference in MMP-9 or TIMP-1 level was correlated with the maximal creatine kinase level in group 1. CONCLUSIONS: Increased plasma levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 were detected in the coronary circulation in ACS patients, suggesting a process of active plaque rupture in ACS.     

Serum TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and MMP-1 in patients with systemic sclerosis, primary Raynaud's phenomenon, and in normal controls

BACKGROUND: Excess tissue matrix accumulates in systemic sclerosis (SSc), accounting for both visceral and dermal fibrosis. It is suggested that decreased serum levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) or increased levels of tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMPs) may account for this matrix accumulation. OBJECTIVE: To measure serum levels of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and collagenase-1 (MMP-1), in patients with diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis (dcSSc), limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis (lcSSc), primary Raynaud's phenomenon (RP), and in normal controls. METHODS: Serum samples from patients with dcSSc (n=83), lcSSc (n=87), RP (n=80), and normal controls (n=98) were analysed using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) for total TIMP-1, TIMP-2, and MMP-1. Results from each assay were analysed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. Dunn's multiple comparison post-test was then applied between groups. RESULTS: TIMP-1 levels were significantly raised in dcSSc and lcSSc groups compared with the RP group and normal controls (p<0.01 to p<0.001). In the dcSSc group, TIMP-1 levels were significantly higher in early disease (<2 years) than in late stage disease (>4 years) (p<0.05). This was not found for the lcSSc group. Serum TIMP-2 and MMP-1 levels in dcSSc and lcSSc did not differ significantly from those in normal controls. Increased levels of TIMPs were not convincingly associated with organ disease. No assay result correlated with autoantibody status (anti-topoisomerase 1 (anti-Scl-70), anticentromere antibody, or anti-RNA polymerase). No significant differences in serum TIMP-1, TIMP-2, or MMP-1 levels were shown in the RP group compared with normal controls. CONCLUSIONS: Raised TIMP-1 levels in the SSc groups support the hypothesis that matrix accumulation occurs in SSc at least in part owing to decreased degradation. Moreover, the variation in TIMP-1 levels between the early and late disease stages of dcSSc seems to reflect the early progressive course of dermal fibrosis seen clinically. The expected reduction in serum MMP-1 levels in the SSc groups was not found. This suggests that tissue matrix accumulation is due to increased inhibitors rather than to decreased MMPs.     

冠状动脉支架置入术后患者基质金属蛋白酶变化对再狭窄的影响

目的探讨急性冠状动脉综合征患者支架置入术后基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-3、MMP-9及基质金属蛋白组织抑制剂(TIMP-1)水平变化及其对术后再狭窄的影响。方法选择急性冠状动脉综合征患者255例(治疗组)支架置入术前、术后即刻、术后8、48 h和术后1周的股动脉血标本,采用ELISA法检测标本中MMP-3、MMP-9和TIMI-1水平;其中99例患者随访5～9个月后行冠状动脉造影术,根据冠状动脉造影术结果分为再狭窄患者20例,非再狭窄患者79例;另选同期行冠状动脉造影术结果完全正常者50例为对照组。结果与对照组比较,治疗组患者术前MMP-3和MMP-9水平升高(P<0.01),而TIMP-1水平差异无统计学意义。与术前比较,治疗组患者MMP-3和MMP-9水平明显升高,48 h达高峰,1周时仍明显升高,TIMP-1水平也具有类似的变化,但升高时间延迟。与非再狭窄患者比较,再狭窄患者随访时MMP-3和MMP-9均明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论 MMP-3和MMP-9水平升高参与急性冠状动脉综合征患者支架置入术后的病理生理过程,并可能是术后再狭窄的预测因素。     

Sputum matrix metalloproteinase-9, tissue inhibitor of metalloprotinease-1, and their molar ratio in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and healthy subjects

BACKGROUND: Matrix-metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors, the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs), are involved in the turnover of extracellular matrix. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) are inflammatory diseases characterized by excessive matrix degradation and tissue fibrosis. We have compared sputum concentrations of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and the controlling cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in patients with COPD, IPF and healthy subjects. METHODS: In a cross-sectional analysis, 12 patients with stable COPD, 15 patients with IPF and 14 healthy subjects underwent sputum induction. Induced sputum cells were counted and concentrations of MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TNF were measured by enzyme immunoassays. RESULTS: Sputum neutrophils were markedly elevated in COPD and IPF patients compared with controls (P<0.001, both comparisons). Concentrations of MMP-9 and the MMP-9:TIMP-1 ratio were increased in COPD (P<0.001 vs. IPF and controls), whereas sputum TIMP-1 levels were both elevated in COPD and IPF (P<0.01 vs. controls, both comparisons). TNF levels were similar in all three groups (P>0.2, all comparisons). MMP-9 concentrations were negatively correlated with airway obstruction (FEV1 FVC) in COPD (rho=-0.62, P=0.03), but not with diffusion capacity or vital capacity (% predicted) in IPF (rho=-0.06, P=0.85, and rho=-0.3, P=0.29, respectively). MMP-9 was positively correlated with sputum neutrophils in all patients (rho=0.68, P<0.0001), and with TNF in COPD patients (rho=0.76, P=0.004). CONCLUSIONS: These data underline the significance of protease/antiprotease imbalance for the pathogenesis of inflammatory lung diseases. Despite similar cellular inflammatory patterns both in COPD and IPF sputa, marked differences were observed with regard to MMP-9:TIMP-1 balance.     

Plasma levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 are not associated with arterial stiffness in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus

ObjectiveIncreased arterial stiffness is a marker of atherosclerosis and is recognised early in the course of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMP) are a family of proteolytic enzymes which are essential for the structure and function of large arteries. In this study, we examined for relationships between MMP and TIMP-1 and indices of arterial stiffness in subjects with T2DM.Research Design and MethodsA total of 60 subjects with T2DM and 60 nondiabetic subjects were recruited. Aortic distensibility (AD) was assessed noninvasively by ultrasonography and augmentation index by pulse wave analysis.ResultsThe values of AD were lower in subjects with T2DM than in controls (P<.001), while those of augmentation index were not significantly different between the two groups. Plasma concentrations of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were not different between diabetic and nondiabetic participants, while those of TIMP-1 were lower in the diabetic patients (P=.005). In the diabetes group, no significant associations were found between either AD or augmentation index and MMPs as well as TIMP-1, while duration of diabetes emerged as the strongest predictor of AD (P<.001). In the nondiabetic group, nonsignificant associations were also found between AD or augmentation index and MMPs as well as TIMP-1.ConclusionIn patients with T2DM, plasma levels of MMP and TIMP-1 are not associated with arterial stiffness assessed by either AD or augmentation index.     

血浆基质金属蛋白酶2和组织型基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂2水平变化与急性冠状动脉综合征的关系

目的 探讨不同类型冠心病患者基质金属蛋白酶2、组织型基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂2水平及其比值变化,分析其在急性冠状动脉综合征中的临床意义.方法 经冠状动脉造影的118例心内科住院患者,依据其临床表现和冠状动脉造影结果分组:急性冠状动脉综合征患者49例,其中包括不稳定型心绞痛患者30例、急性心肌梗死患者19例;非急性冠状动脉综合征冠心病患者44例,包括稳定型心绞痛患者23例、冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞患者21例;25例冠状动脉正常患者为对照组.采用夹心酶联免疫吸附法检测动脉血浆基质金属蛋白酶2和组织型基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂2水平.结果 急性冠状动脉综合征和非急性冠状动脉综合征患者血浆基质金属蛋白酶2、组织型基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂2水平均明显高于对照组(P<0.05),且基质金属蛋白酶2/组织型基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂2比值均显著高于对照组(P<0.01);与非急性冠状动脉综合征患者比较,急性冠状动脉综合征患者基质金属蛋白酶2、组织型基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂2水平及基质金属蛋白酶2/组织型基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂2比值均显著增高(P<0.05和P<0.01);与对照组比较,不稳定型心绞痛组、急性心肌梗死组和冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞组基质金属蛋白酶2水平明显增高(P<0.05和P<0.01),不稳定型心绞痛组、稳定型心绞痛组和冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞组组织型基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂2显著增高(P<0.05和P<0.01).结论 动脉粥样硬化斑块的演变与血基质金属蛋白酶2、组织型基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂2水平及基质金属蛋白酶2/组织型基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂2比值变化和失衡密切相关,基质金属蛋白酶2水平和基质金属蛋白酶2/组织型基质金属蛋白酶抑制剂2比值显著升高提示动脉粥样硬化斑块的不稳定性,有可能作为急性冠状动脉综合征病情严重程度的有效预测指标之一.     

阿托伐他汀对急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清MMP-9及TIMP-1水平的影响

目的 :测定急性冠状动脉综合征 (ACS)患者经阿托伐他汀治疗前后血清明胶酶B(MMP 9)、基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子 1 (TIMP 1 )水平 ,探讨两者水平与粥样斑块破裂的关系及他汀类调脂药物稳定斑块的可能机制。方法 :选择稳定型心绞痛 (SAP)患者 3 0例 ,ACS患者 5 4例 ,并选择 3 0例健康人作为对照。随机将ACS患者分成阿托伐他汀治疗组 ( 3 0例 )及常规治疗组 ( 2 4例 ) ,比较各组患者血清MMP 9,TIMP 1水平变化。结果 :SAP、ACS、健康对照组三组之间MMP、TIMP 1水平比较差异有统计学意义 ,阿托伐他汀治疗组与常规治疗组治疗后血清MMP 9、TIMP 1水平相比差异有统计学意义。结论 :血清MMP 9升高及TIMP 1降低与粥样斑块破裂明显相关。阿托伐他汀可降低ACS患者血清MMP 9水平 ,升高TIMP 1水平 ,从而起到稳定斑块的作用     

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from asthmatic subjects.

Airway remodeling is a well-recognized feature in patients with chronic asthma. The accumulation in the submucosa of fibrous proteins that are substrates of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), and the demonstration of increased levels of MMP-9 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, prompted us to determine whether there was an imbalance between MMPs and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMP) in such patients. We investigated the presence of TIMPs and other MMPs. TIMP levels were compared with those of all MMPs and inflammatory cytokines. Adults with stable asthma, either untreated or treated with glucocorticoids (GCs), were enrolled. Healthy nonsmokers served as a control population. MMPs and TIMPs were identified through zymography or immunoblotting. TIMPs, MMPs, and cytokines were measured with enzyme immunoassays. TIMP-1 levels were significantly higher in untreated asthmatic subjects than in GC-treated subjects or controls (p < 0.0001), and were far greater than those of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-3, and MMP-9 combined. TIMP-2 was undetectable. TIMP-1 levels were correlated with levels of interleukin-6 (p < 0.012) and the number of alveolar macrophages recovered (p < 0.005). This observation has important implications, since an excess of TIMP-1 could lead to airway fibrosis, a hallmark of airway remodelling in patients with chronic asthma.     

Matrix metalloproteinase-1 and its inhibitor, TIMP-1, in systolic heart failure: relation to functional data and prognosis

BACKGROUND: Structural remodelling of left ventricle is a common feature in the progression of congestive heart failure (CHF). Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been directly implicated as they degrade extracellular proteins. To test the hypothesis that MMP-and its inhibitor, tissue type inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP-1), could be related to functional status and prognosis in CHF, we examined the relationship of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 to peak oxygen consumption (VO2) and peak minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production relationship (VE/VCO2), and assessed their prognostic value. METHODS: We studied 50 patients with CHF, who were compared with 53 controls echocardiogram and ergoespirometry were performed, and serum levels of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 were assayed by ELISA. Patients were followed up for 17.5+/-8.9 months, and total mortality, readmissions for heart failure and cardiac transplantation were recorded. RESULTS: Patients with CHF had lower levels of MMP-1 (P=0.027), and higher levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-1/MMP-1 ratio (both P<0.01) than controls. TIMP-1 levels and the TIMP-1/MMP-1 ratio correlated negatively with peak VO2 (Spearman, r:-0.51; P=0.001 and r: -0.42; P=0.030, respectively). During the follow-up period, 23 patients (47.9%) suffered endpoints--these patients had higher baseline peak VE/VCO2 (P=0.001), TIMP-1 (P=0.004), and TIMP-1/MMP-1 ratio values (P=0.002), whereas MMP-1 levels were lower (P=0.027). On multivariate analysis, VE/VCO2, MMP-1 levels and age were the only variables independently related to prognosis (all P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Poor functional capacity in CHF can be related to abnormal extracellular matrix turnover. Patients who suffered endpoints had more abnormal indices of matrix turnover, where MMP-1 levels showed independent prognostic value.     

急性冠脉综合征患者血浆sCD40L与血清基质金属蛋白酶水平的变化及其意义

目的：观察急性冠脉综合征（ACS）患者可溶性CD40配体（sCD40L）及血清基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）、血清组织金属蛋白酶抑制物-1（TIMP-1）水平变化及其相关性。方法：采用酶联免疫吸附法测定70例冠心病患者[ACS患者35例、稳定型心绞痛（SAP）患者35例]、35例非冠心病患者（正常对照组）sCD40L、MMP-9、TIMP-1的水平。结果：与正常对照组及SAP组比较,ACS组sCD40L[（2.73±0.92）μg/ml比（3.05±0.98）μg/ml比（4.72±1.15）μg/ml]、MMP-9[（152.38±54.22）ng/ml比（341.12±69.96）ng/ml比（574.2±139.20）ng/ml]水平明显升高（P均〈0.01）,而TIMP-1[（415.92±13.96）ng/ml比（249.32±36.80）ng/ml比（172.20±40.10）ng/ml]水平明显降低（P〈0.01）;且MMP-9与sCD40L呈正相关（r=0.42,P〈0.05）。结论：急性冠脉综合征患者可溶性CD40配体、血清基质金属蛋白酶-9水平升高,血清组织金属蛋白酶抑制物-1水平下降提示这两指标与粥样斑块不稳定相关,可作为判断粥样斑块不稳定的血清学指标。     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者支架植入术后再狭窄与基质金属蛋白酶相关性的研究

目的 测定急性冠状动脉综合征(ACS)支架植入术后再狭窄患者动脉血基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-3、-9及其组织抑制剂TIMI-1水平变化,初步分析支架内再狭窄与基质金属蛋白酶水平之间可能存在的相关性. 方法 132例ACS患者,分别收集其冠状动脉内支架植入术前和术后即刻、8、48 h和1周的股动脉血标本,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测MMP-3、MMP-9和TIMI-1水平;随访5～10个月后行冠状动脉造影,根据造影结果分为再狭窄组21例,非再狭窄组111例,均于造影术前股动脉采集动脉血标本重复指标测定.50例冠状动脉造影正常者为对照组. 结果 与对照组比较,ACS组动脉血MMP-3和MMP-9浓度明显升高[MMP-3:(15.99±4.30)ng/L与(4.86±2.98)ng/L,t=2.290,P=0.022;MMP-9:(1.41±3.06)ng/L与(3.79±1.46)ng/L,t=2.011,P=0.041],TIMP-1浓度有升高趋势.支架植入术后MMP-3和MMP-9水平均较术前明显升高,48 h达到高峰,1周时仍明显升高,TIMP-1水平也具有类似的变化,但高峰时间延迟.再狭窄组术前MMP-9水平较非再狭窄组升高[(17.94±6.44)ng/L与(9.93±2.19)ng/L,t=3.180,P=0.003],而两组间术前MMP-3和TIMP-1水平差异无统计学意义;随访时再狭窄组MMP-3和MMP-9水平均较非再狭窄组明显升高[MMP-3:(21.66±2.72)ng/L与(14.27±1.28)ng/L,t=2.181,P=0.033;MMP-9:(22.81±5.31)ng/L与(12.10±2.76)ng/L,t=2.108,P=0.039],而TIMP-1水平差异无统计学意义. 结论 动脉血MMP-3和MMP-9水平升高可能参与了ACS患者支架置入术后的病理、生理过程,并可能与术后再狭窄的发生有一定相关性.     

Matrix-metalloproteinases and their inhibitors are elevated in severe sepsis: prognostic value of TIMP-1 in severe sepsis

The enzyme group of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their inhibitors, so-called tissue inhibitors of matrix-metalloproteinases (TIMPs), are crucial mediators responsible for wound repair after parenchymal damage. Little is known about the role of MMPs and TIMPs in severe sepsis. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate their levels in patients with severe sepsis and to examine their association with prognosis. MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and interleukin-6 (IL-6) plasma levels were measured by ELISA methods in 37 patients on day 1 of severe sepsis. 37 healthy volunteers served as controls. Levels of MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and IL-6 in septic patients were significantly higher compared to healthy controls (p<0.001), whereas MMP-2 levels were not different in patients and controls. TIMP-1 levels were significantly higher in non-survivors (4675+/-435 ng/ml, mean+/-SEM) compared to survivors of severe sepsis (3201+/-249 ng/ml; p<0.01). Septic patients with TIMP-1 values >3200 ng/ml were 4.5 times more likely to die than patients with lower values (RR = 4.5; 95% CI 1.14-17.6, p = 0.014). Our results indicate that MMP-9, TIMP-2 and TIMP-1 are elevated in severe sepsis. Furthermore, TIMP-1 may serve as a useful laboratory marker to predict the clinical outcome of patients presenting with severe sepsis.     

Expression of matrix-metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in the wounds of diabetic and non-diabetic patients

AIMS/HYPOTHESIS: The molecular factors that cause an acute wound in diabetic patients to become chronic have not yet been established. Wound healing is known to require a balance between the accumulation of collagenous and non-collagenous extracellular matrix components and their remodelling by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Our aim was to assess if the concentrations of MMPs and TIMPs were different between acute and chronic wounds in diabetic patients by analysing biopsy samples. METHODS: A 5 mm punch biopsy was taken from 20 diabetic foot ulcers of patients before initiating treatment and from traumatic wounds of 12 non-diabetic patients 2 days after injury. The concentrations of MMP-1, MMP-2(pro), MMP-2(active), MMP-8, MMP-9 and TIMP-2 were measured in detergent extracts of the biopsy homogenates using ELISAs and gelatin-zymography. RESULTS: The concentration of MMP-1 was increased 65-fold in biopsies of diabetic foot ulcers compared with the concentrations measured in biopsies of traumatic wounds. Similarly, MMP-2(pro) were increased threefold, sixfold for MMP-2(active), twofold for MMP-8 and 14-fold for MMP-9 compared to average concentrations in biopsies of traumatic wounds. Furthermore, the expression of TIMP-2 was reduced twofold in diabetic wounds compared with lesions of non-diabetic patients. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION: The combination of increased concentrations of MMPs with decreased concentrations of TIMP-2 in chronic diabetic foot ulcers compared with healing wounds in normal patients suggests that the increased proteolytic environment contributes to the failure of diabetic wounds to heal. New treatment strategies for healing chronic diabetic foot ulcers could be directed towards reducing concentrations of MMPs and increasing levels of TIMPs.     

Matrix metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in acute viral hepatitis

Matrix metalloproteases (MMPs) and their inhibitors are effector molecules involved in extracellular matrix remodelling. The serum profile for these proteolytic enzymes and their inhibitors during acute self-limiting viral hepatitis has not been studied. We therefore determined serum concentrations of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-2, MMP-9 and their inhibitors (tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase) TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and alpha2 macroglobulin (AMG) in the serum of patients during the icteric stage of self-limiting acute viral hepatitis. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and interleukin (IL)-10, two cytokines involved in the regulation of MMPs and TIMPs were also assessed. Nineteen patients (12 men, seven women) with a mean age of 29.9 years (range 16-65 years) participated in the study. Fifteen had hepatitis B virus (HBV, two HCV and two HAV infection. The values of patients were compared with those obtained from 15 blood donor controls (eight men, seven women), mean age 36.2 years (range 18-55 years). Serum levels of TGF-beta, IL-10, MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 were assessed by ELISA. MMP-2 and MMP-9 were also measured by a zymogram protease assay. alpha2 macroglobulin (AMG) was measured by nephelometry. Compared with the healthy controls the mean serum concentrations of all MMPs were significantly decreased in the acute hepatitis patients. There was no difference in the serum concentration of TIMP-1 between patients and the controls. Serum levels of TIMP-2 (P < 0001), TGF-beta (P < 0.05), IL-10 (P < 0.001) and AMG (P < 0001) were increased in patients compared to healthy controls. A statistically significant negative correlation by linear regression analysis was found between AMG and MMP-1 (P=0003). The decreased levels of MMPs observed, together with normal and increased levels of TIMP-1 and TIMP-2, may indicate an attempt to limit matrix degradation at this stage of disease resolution. The increased levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TGF-beta might be the underlying mechanism responsible for the above effect. AMG inhibition especially for MMP-1 may play an additional important role.