甲状腺手术中常规解剖喉返神经的临床价值

目的探讨甲状腺手术中常规解剖喉返神经对防止其损伤的临床价值。方法回顾性分析5344例甲状腺手术患者在全身麻醉下行手术治疗的临床资料,术中解剖喉返神经548例(解剖组),未解剖喉返神经4796例(未解剖组);比较两组术中喉返神经损伤的发生率有无差异。结果解剖组喉返神经损伤12例,发生率为2.2%;未解剖组喉返神经损伤512例,发生率为10.7%。两组喉返神经损伤率差异具有统计学意义(P0.01)。结论甲状腺手术中常规解剖喉返神经能有效防止其损伤。     

甲状腺中静脉在甲状腺乳头状癌(cN0)Ⅵ区颈淋巴结清扫术中定位喉返神经的意义

目的:探讨甲状腺中静脉在甲状腺乳头状癌(cN0)Ⅵ区颈淋巴结清扫术中定位喉返神经的意义及手术注意事项.方法:回顾性分析甲状腺乳头状癌(cN0)213例,术中以甲状腺中静脉为标志来定位喉返神经后行Ⅵ区颈淋巴结清扫术.结果:213例患者中颈淋巴结转移82例,淋巴结转移率38.4%.喉返神经永久性损伤2例,暂时性损伤2例,永久性甲状旁腺功能减退2例,暂时性甲状旁腺功能减退6例.3例在术后3年内出现颈侧区淋巴结转移,转移率为1.36%.结论:以甲状腺中静脉为标志定位喉返神经后行Ⅵ区颈淋巴结清扫术,喉返神经损伤率和甲状旁腺损伤率较低.因而认为,以甲状腺中静脉为标志暴露喉返神经全程后,行Ⅵ区颈淋巴结清扫术是安全有效的.     

甲状腺手术中喉返神经损伤的探讨

探讨甲状腺手术中喉返神经损伤的原因和预防措施。分析了３６８例甲状腺手术，暂时性喉返神经麻痹３例（０．８２％），未发生一例永久性喉返神经麻痹。术中喉返神经是否暴露，采用具体情况区别对待方法，对大多数甲状腺良性病变（８９．１％），尽可能术中不暴露喉返神经，但对于较大的结节性甲状腺肿、甲状腺腺瘤和再次手术病例，术中应暴露喉返神经；甲状腺癌术中常规暴露喉返神经。作者认为，只要掌握手术操作要领，熟悉喉返神经解剖和变异，喉返神经损伤，特别是永久性损伤是完全可以预防的     

甲状腺外科手术操作与手术并发症的相关性

目的 了解甲状腺外科手术操作与手术并发症的相关性,探讨辨认及保护喉返神经、喉上神经外支、甲状旁腺的甲状腺切除术在治疗甲状腺肿物中的作用,以提高甲状腺肿物的手术治愈率,并减少手术并发症。方法 回顾分析甲状腺良性肿瘤或甲状腺癌患者152例临床资料,甲状腺切除采用"精细化被膜解剖"技术,术中辨认及保护喉返神经、喉上神经外支、甲状旁腺。结果 152例患者中,行喉返神经探查262侧,均成功辨认及保护;行喉上神经外支探查231侧,174例成功辨认(75.3%)。原位解剖保护甲状旁腺150例,行甲状旁腺移植术2例。术后发生单侧暂时性喉返神经麻痹1例,在术后3个月内恢复;无喉上神经外支功能障碍。术后发生暂时性甲状旁腺功能低下症13例,术后1周恢复9例, 4周后恢复3例, 5个月后恢复1例。无发生永久性甲状旁腺功能低下症、永久性喉返神经损伤和永久性喉上神经外支损伤病例。结论 术中辨认及保护喉返神经、喉上神经外支、甲状旁腺技术行甲状腺肿物切除术是安全的甲状腺手术操作,有效避免了永久性甲状旁腺功能低下症、喉返神经和喉上神经外支损伤并发症的发生。最大限度地保存了喉功能和甲状旁腺功能,提高了甲状腺肿物的手术治愈率。     

甲状腺手术喉返神经损伤危险因素及应对策略

目的探讨甲状腺手术出现喉返神经损伤的危险因素及避免损伤的方法。方法回顾性分析1902例甲状腺患者,按手术科别、性别、麻醉方法、病变性质、术中是否常规解剖喉返神经、手术次数及手术范围分组,观察喉返神经损伤率,进行单因素分析及多因素回归分析。结果喉返神经总损伤率为1.84%。单因素分析显示,在甲状腺恶性病变患者、多次手术及甲状腺广泛性手术中喉返神经损伤率升高有统计学意义(χ2分别为1.096、1.893、1.467,P<0.05)。在甲状腺广泛性手术中,术中显露喉返神经可有效降低喉返神经损伤率(χ2=1.758,P<0.05);而在保守性手术中,术中是否显露喉返神经,喉返神经损伤率的差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.638,P>0.05)。Logistic回归分析显示,多次手术及甲状腺广泛性手术是喉返神经损伤的重要危险因素。结论对于病变范围较小的甲状腺良性肿瘤,术中不显露喉返神经、保留部分甲状腺背侧组织是安全可靠的。而对于广泛性甲状腺切除手术,术中应常规解剖喉返神经。     

喉返神经的解剖显露在甲状腺手术中的价值

目的 探讨甲状腺手术喉返神经（RLN）的解剖特点和方法，以减少神经的损伤。方法 回顾分析2000年1月-2005年10月256例甲状腺手术的临床资料，常规显露RLN201例（211条），不显露RLN55例，并对RLN解剖特点、损伤情况和预防进行分析。结果 显露RLN者暂时性损伤率为1．00％（2／201），无永久性损伤；未显露者暂时性损伤率为7．27％（4／55），永久性损损伤率为3．64％（2／55），两组暂时性损伤率之间和永久性损伤率之间经统计学处理差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。“非返性喉下神经”发生率为0．95％（2／211）；67．30％（142／211）RLN在入喉前有分支，59．24％（125／211）的RLN位于甲状腺下动脉的深面，30．81％（65／211）位于动脉的浅面，5．68％（12／211）穿行于动脉的分叉处，4．27％（9／211）与动脉无关。结论 RLN的行程过程中解剖关系较为复杂；甲状腺手术中有计划显露RLN可以预防其损伤。     

甲状腺甲状旁腺术中神经功能实时监测

目的　探讨应用自主研发改良的术中神经功能实时监测方法对术中喉返神经功能进行实时监测的临床效果与意义。方法　对我院与中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院、昆 明医科大学附一院、河南省肿瘤医院共计761例甲状腺/甲状旁腺患者应用人体术中神经多功能检测报警系统进行术中神经功能实时监测。结果　术中双侧475例（950条）,单侧286例（286条）,共1236条喉返神经功能监测顺利,术后行喉镜检查有12例出现声带麻痹,3个月内恢复正常,喉返神经损伤永久性损伤为2例。喉返神经探查时间为（3.1±1.1）分钟,术中喉返神经损伤识别率、暂时性损伤率及永久性损伤率分别为100%、1.58%（12/761）和0.26%（2/761）。结论 术中神经功能实时监测技术在甲状腺手术中的应用,降低手术难度,减轻术者与患者的心理压力,缩短喉返神经探查时间,能及时有效的监测与保护喉返神经,有广泛推广的应用前景。     

甲状腺手术中常规解剖喉返神经的临床意义

目的:探讨甲状腺手术中常规解剖喉返神经的方法,以避免喉返神经的损伤。方法:247例患者全部以气管食管沟或者甲状软骨下角为解剖标志显露喉返神经,于喉返神经前面沿着其走向向上解剖显露至甲状软骨下角环甲膜入喉处,或向下解剖显露至甲状腺下极下动静脉处,不必刻意寻找喉返神经的分支,共解剖喉返神经258条。结果:全部患者喉返神经损伤2条,损伤率为0.8%,均为喉返神经不全性损伤,1个月左右恢复正常,与前期不进行常规解剖喉返神经276例比较,二者之间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:常规解剖喉返神经进行甲状腺手术的方法可以有效降低喉返神经的损伤率。     

头颈外科

20050713甲状腺外科手术中喉返神经的解剖/王丽…//临床耳鼻咽喉科杂志.2005,19(3).112～113目的:探讨甲状腺外科手术中喉返神经的解剖特点和方法。方法:回顾性分析56例甲状腺疾病患者在手术中解剖的63条喉返神经的有关资料。结果:48条喉返神经入喉前分成前、后两支,占喉返神经总数的76.19%。29条(46.03%)喉返神经位于甲状腺下动脉的深部,19条(30.56%)喉返神经位于甲状腺下动脉的浅面,8侧(12.70%)甲状腺下动脉分叉,神经穿行其间,7侧(11.11%)术中未发现甲状腺下动脉。术后喉返神经暂时麻痹1例,永久麻痹1例。结论:充分掌握喉返神经的解剖特点,…     

喉返神经监测仪在da Vinci机器人甲状腺癌手术中的应用

目的　探讨喉返神经监测技术在da Vinci机器人甲状腺癌手术中的安全性及有效性。方法　采用前瞻性研究方法,对济南军区总医院甲状腺乳腺外科2016年11月 ~ 2017 年12月行da Vinci机器人甲状腺癌手术的患者随机分配,神经监测组80例患者（观察组）,87例患者未使用神经监测仪（对照组）。对两组患者的喉返神经（recurrent laryngeal nerve,RLN）显露时间、手术时间、喉返神经损伤率（永久性/暂时性）、术中出血量、术后总引流量、住院费用以及术后 6 个月随访噪音障碍指数（voice handicap index,VHI）进行对比分析。结果　两组患者RLN损伤率（永久性/暂时性）、术中出血量、术后总引流量以及术后 6个月随访VHI等差异均无统计学意义（P 均＞0.05）。两组患者住院费用、RLN显露时间及手术时间差异均有统计学意义（P 均＜0.05）。结论　用探测夹直接连接3臂金属杆监测RLN功能,对术中快速寻找和保护RLN有重要价值,节省手术时间。     

甲状腺癌手术喉返神经损伤的影响因素分析及预防

目的 分析甲状腺癌喉返神经（RLN）损伤影响因素并建立预防措施。方法 以2018年1月-2019年12月诊治的420例甲状腺癌手术患者为研究对象,采用Logistic回归分析患者甲状腺癌病理类型,TNM分期、手术方式、肿瘤部位、神经暴露的关系等因素对RLN损伤发生率的影响,并建立相应预防措施。结果 420例甲状腺癌患者,术后有25例患者发生RLN损伤,发生率为5.95%;其中永久性损伤10例（2.38%）,暂时性损伤15例（3.57%）;术后随访1年,10例永久性损伤患者功能未恢复,15例暂时性损伤患者声带运动均在6个月内恢复。甲状腺癌手术患者RLN损伤单因素分析显示,发生RLN损伤率与肿瘤部位、手术方式、手术次数有关（P<0.05）;多因素Logistic回归分析显示,肿瘤部位、手术方式、手术次数是RLN损伤发生的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 肿瘤部位、手术方式、手术次数是RLN损伤发生的独立危险因素,熟悉RLN解剖结构、暴露神经可作为降低RLN发生的预防措施。     

Risk factors for recurrent nerve palsy after thyroid surgery: a national study of patients treated at Danish departments of ENT Head and Neck Surgery

Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury is a well-known and serious complication to thyroid surgery. The objective was to estimate the frequency of post-thyroidectomy RLN palsy and to identify possible risk factors. Based on the Danish national thyroid surgery database, 6,859 patients treated with thyroid surgery from 1 January 2001 to the 31 December 2008 at the Danish departments of ENT-HNS were analyzed. Unilateral RLN palsy was found in 2.1 % and bilateral in 0.1 %. In benign histology, RLN palsies were registered in 1.3 %. Malignant histology and accordingly neck dissection were the most predominant risk factors with a relative risk (RR) of 5.4 and 5.8, respectively. In benign cases previous performed thyroid surgery had a RR of 10.4. High volume departments with more than 150 thyroid procedures per year seem to perform significantly better. Malignant histology, neck dissection and previous performed thyroid surgery are the strongest predictors for RLN palsy and patient information should be given accordingly. Incomplete resections should be reserved for isthmectomy only. Centralization of thyroid surgery in larger units might improve quality.     

A study of routine exposure of recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery

One of the main complications of thyroid surgery is injury to recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), which causes severe morbidity to the patient in postoperative period. To find out the incidence of RLN injury and its consequences, a prospective study was done in a group of 142 cases during the years 1999–2000. Different types of thyroidectomies for various diseases lbw of the thyroid gland, wherein a routine identification and exposure of the P-R was done through out its full course till its entry into the larynx at cricothyroid membrane. Three cases of temporary RLN injury were found and not a single case of permanent nerve injury was seen during our study. Three cases of nonre current LN were found on the right side of the gland. The temporary injury of the nerve completely recovered during 2–5 months of follow-up. We present some reviews of the literature to provide various authors, views and experiences regarding injury of RLN associated with thyroid urgery.     

甲状腺良性病变手术与喉返神经损伤

目的 探讨甲状腺良性病变的手术致喉返神经(recurrent laryngeal nerve,RLN)损伤的主要相关因素。方法回顾分析586例甲状腺良性病变的手术资料,探讨RLN损伤与手术方式、RLN在手术中是否预先分离保护的关系。结果586例手术病人发生RLN损伤者为34例,占5.80％,其中以甲状腺次全切除术RLN受损率最高,占88.24％(30/34);术中明确预先解剖出RLN并予以保护者,术后暂时声带麻痹的发生率为0.91％,无永久性声带麻痹。结论 甲状腺次全切除术RLN损伤率最高,可能与缝合殁体时RLN被误伤有关。术中先行游离RLN并予以保护,缝合甲状腺残体时,应尽量在食管沟平面以上注意保留后包膜的完整是减少医源性RLN损伤的重要措施。     

Sensitivity and specificity of intraoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve stimulation in predicting postoperative nerve paralysis

Bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) paralysis after thyroidectomy is infrequent, but serious when it occurs. Intraoperative knowledge of the status of the nerve after dissection could potentially provide the surgeon with important decision-making information. The current study examines the sensitivity and specificity of intraoperative stimulation of the RLN during thyroid surgery for predicting postoperative RLN deficits. Eighty-one RLNs in 55 patients were identified to be at risk of injury during thyroidectomy or parathyroidectomy performed between January 1998 and February 2000. Intraoperative determination of RLN function was evaluated with a disposable nerve stimulator (Xomed, Jacksonville, Florida) set at 0.5 mA. Injury was assessed by palpating for a contraction of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle while the stimulus was applied. Postoperative assessment of RLN integrity was determined by using indirect or direct laryngoscopy to visualize vocal fold mobility. Nine RLNs failed to elicit a posterior cricoarytenoid contraction after nerve stimulation, and 4 RLNs were determined to be deficient in the postoperative evaluation. The calculated sensitivity and specificity were 75% and 92.2% with a positive predictive value of 33.3% and negative predictive value of 98.6%. The RLN injury rate was 4.94%. We conclude that intraoperative RLN stimulation is a relatively safe and useful method of determining what RLN function will be after thyroid or parathyroid surgery.     

甲状腺外科无喉返神经损伤的可能性

目的探讨甲状腺外科手术喉返神经(recurrenlaryngealnerve,RLN)零损伤的可能性。方法回顾性分析我科2001年3月～2005年3月659例甲状腺疾病的手术方式、术后RLN损伤、甲状旁腺功能低下、术后出血和术后复发等并发症的发生。术中常规解剖RLN,保护并勿过度解剖甲状旁腺及其供应的血管。结果甲状腺一侧腺叶加对侧腺叶部分切除376例、甲状腺一侧腺叶加峡部切除87例、甲状腺双侧腺叶次全切除76例、甲状腺全切除73例、颈部低位领式切口入路切除胸骨后结节性甲状腺肿47例。术后无一例发生RLN损伤。术后暂时性低钙血症发生率为1.67%(11/659)。无永久性低钙血症。术后出血需再手术止血和术后伤口血肿的发生率分别为0.60%(4/659)和0.45%(3/659)。甲状腺功能低下和术后复发的发生率分别为0.45%(3/659)和0.15%(1/659),无切口感染。结论甲状腺外科手术中熟悉RLN的解剖知识,常规紧贴甲状腺被膜外分离并全程解剖RLN及其分支可避免RLN的损伤。     

Intraoperative nerve monitoring reduces recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in geriatric patients undergoing thyroid surgery

Objective: This research was aimed to investigate whether the intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) can reduce the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury in geriatric patients undergoing thyroid surgery.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 522 geriatric patients undergoing thyroid surgery between January 2013 and June 2016 in the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital. Patients with IONM during the surgery (n?=?340) were compared with patients without IONM (n?=?212). RLN injury was verified by direct or indirect laryngoscope and relative factors for injury would be retrospectively analyzed.

Results: The use of IONM group showed significant reduction in both total and transient RLN injury incidence, when compared with that in control group (1.76 versus 4.72%, p?=?.01 and 1.32 versus 3.67%, p?=?.03, respectively). However, the permanent RLN injury incidence did not show difference between the two groups (p?=?.3).

Conclusions: Our finding showed the use of IONM resulted in significantly reduction in RLN injury incidence. The technology of IONM is safe and convenient to detect, track and monitor the complete function of RLN and to provide the guidance for the surgeons during the thyroid surgery in geriatric patients, who are at high risk of RLN injury.     

改良Miccoli术中喉返神经的显露及损伤预防

目的：探讨甲状腺改良Miccoli术中解剖显露喉返神经的方法及预防喉返神经损伤的临床意义。方法：回顾性分析218例行甲状腺改良Miccoli术患者的资料，均在内镜直视下寻找喉返神经并进一步显露直至人喉处，行甲状腺次全切或腺叶全切除。结果：218例患者手术均获成功，无中转开放手术。术中均成功显露颈段喉返神经并保护之。术中、术后病理证实结节性甲状腺肿185例，甲状腺腺瘤8例，甲状腺乳头状微小癌25例。2例甲状腺乳头状微小癌及1例有鼻咽癌放疗史的患者，术后出现暂时性声嘶，3个月内声带活动恢复正常。结论：甲状腺改良Miccoli术中解剖显露喉返神经是该手术顺利进行的关键，是预防喉返神经损伤的有效方法。