内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术治疗梗阻性脑积水的疗效观察

目的探讨内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术治疗梗阻性脑积水的疗效。方法 2014年1月至2015年1月收治符合标准的梗阻性脑积水30例,根据治疗方法分为观察组(15例)和对照组(15例)。对照组采用脑室-腹腔分流术,观察组采用内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术。术后随访6~12个月。结果观察组手术时间较对照组明显缩短(P0.05),术后并发症发生率和复发率均明显低于对照组(P0.05);但两组近期疗效无显著差异(P0.05)。结论与脑室-腹腔分流术相比,内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术治疗梗阻性脑积水手术时间短、并发症发生率低、复发率低。     

神经内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术治疗非交通性脑积水（附37例分析）

目的总结神经内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术治疗非交通性脑积水的经验。方法对37例非交通性脑积水病人行神经内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术，随访12-36个月。结果35例病人术后症状明显缓解，且无明显并发症，2例无效者改行脑室-腹腔分流术后症状缓解。结论神经内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术治疗非交通性脑积水是一种微创、有效、术后恢复快、并发症少的手术方法。     

内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术治疗松果体区肿瘤引起的梗阻性脑积水

目的探讨内镜下第三脑室底造瘘治疗松果体区肿瘤导致的梗阻性脑积水的手术技巧及手术效果。方法回顾性分析2013年3月至2014年6月采取内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术治疗的22例因松果体区肿瘤引起的梗阻性脑积水的临床资料。结果术中发生少量出血3例,少量颅内积气4例;术后出现短暂性发热6例。无手术死亡及严重后遗症。22例术后随访3~24个月,手术有效18例(81.8%);无效4例,均改行脑室-腹腔分流术。结论内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术具有微创性,术后并发症少,是松果体区肿瘤引起的梗阻性脑积水的有效治疗方法。     

内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术联合脑室-腹腔分流术治疗外伤性脑积水的疗效分析

目的探讨内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术联合脑室-腹腔分流术治疗外伤性脑积水的效果。方法回顾性分析35例外伤性脑积水的临床资料,均采用内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术联合脑室-腹腔分流术治疗。结果 1例术后因颅内感染死亡;其余34例CT检查显示脑室情况改善。术后GCS评分[(12.5±1.9)分]较术前[(8.5±1.5)分]明显增高(P0.05)。34例术后随访4~18个月,2例发生分流管脑室段堵塞,但脑积水及症状未加重。结论内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术和脑室-腹腔分流术治疗外伤性脑积水疗效满意。     

第三脑室底造瘘术治疗梗阻性脑积水与分流术的疗效比较

目的 比较梗阻性脑积水的两种手术方法的疗效及并发症。方法 采用经神经内镜第三脑室底造瘘术治疗梗阻性脑积水35例，脑室腹腔分流术治疗梗5且性脑积水63例。结果 造瘘组：平均用时35min，症状缓解34例(97.1％)，复发1例(2．9％)，并发症3例(8.6％)，为非感染性发热；分流组：平均用时78min，症状缓解63例(100％)，复发16例(25．4％)，并发症18例(28．6％)，为分流管堵塞、感染、颅内血肿及分流管外露等。两组均无死亡。结论 经神经内镜第三脑室底造瘘术治疗梗5且性脑积水较脑室腹腔分流术的疗效相当，并发症及复发率明显降低，手术时间缩短，应作为梗阻性脑积水的首选治疗方法。     

脑室-腹腔分流术后分流不畅的原因分析及处理

目的 总结脑室-腹腔分流术后发生分流不畅的治疗经验。方法 2010年1月至2014年1月采用脑室-腹腔分流术治疗脑积水患者87例。结果 术后出现分流不畅共6例,占6.90%（6/87）。梗阻性脑积水患者3例,远端和近端梗阻各1例,行神经内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术;远端堵塞1例,行脑室-心房分流术后好转。交通性脑积水患者3例,1例远端堵塞,行左侧脑室-腹腔分流术后好转;2例分流系统通畅但症状进行性加重,更换更低压力分流泵后好转。结论 严格把握脑室-腹腔分流术指征,选择合适分流系统和手术方式,规范精细的手术操作有助于预防术后分流不畅的发生;脑室-心房分流术、第三脑室底造瘘术对分流不畅的治疗有较好作用。     

神经内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术治疗非交通性脑积水(附32例报告)

脑积水是神经外科的常见病之一,传统的治疗方法是脑室-腹腔分流术,该方法有较多的手术并发症已被大家所公认.随着神经内镜在临床的应用逐渐普及,神经内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术已成为治疗脑积水,尤其用于非交通性脑积水常见的神经内镜操作技术.我科于2004年12月至今采用神经内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术治疗非交通性脑积水32例,疗效满意.现报告如下.     

神经内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术治疗非交通性脑积水(附32例报告)

脑积水是神经外科的常见病之一,传统的治疗方法是脑室-腹腔分流术,该方法有较多的手术并发症已被大家所公认.随着神经内镜在临床的应用逐渐普及,神经内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术已成为治疗脑积水,尤其用于非交通性脑积水常见的神经内镜操作技术.我科于2004年12月至今采用神经内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术治疗非交通性脑积水32例,疗效满意.现报告如下.     

神经内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术治疗非交通性脑积水(附32例报告)

脑积水是神经外科的常见病之一,传统的治疗方法是脑室-腹腔分流术,该方法有较多的手术并发症已被大家所公认.随着神经内镜在临床的应用逐渐普及,神经内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术已成为治疗脑积水,尤其用于非交通性脑积水常见的神经内镜操作技术.我科于2004年12月至今采用神经内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术治疗非交通性脑积水32例,疗效满意.现报告如下.     

神经内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术在梗阻性脑积水中的应用

目的探讨神经内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术(endoscopic third ventriculostomy,ETV)治疗梗阻性脑积水的手术适应证、术中注意事项、术后疗效及并发症的预防。方法分析23例梗阻性脑积水行ETV治疗患者的临床表现、影像资料、术中所见和治疗效果。结果 23例患者中,21例患者手术取得良好的效果;1例原发性中脑导水管狭窄患者初次行ETV后无效,后又行脑室-腹腔分流术,效果良好;另1例脑出血导致的梗阻性脑积水患者无效。术后,出现发热患者4例、颅内积气2例、癫痫发作1例、硬膜下积液1例。结论 ETV治疗梗阻性脑积水,具有手术疗效好、并发症少等优点,值得在临床推广、应用。     

梗阻性脑积水经第三脑室底造瘘术后颅内压变化规律

目的回顾性总结经内镜第三脑室底造瘘术(ETV)治疗梗阻性脑积水的手术技巧、疗效及术后颅内压(ICP)的变化规律及动态ICP监护的价值。方法经内镜行ETV治疗梗阻性脑积水共146例,病因包括导水管狭窄98例、颅内肿瘤48例(第三脑室及松果体区肿瘤)。术后行动态ICP监护53例(导水管狭窄36例、肿瘤17例),平均监护时长96 h。结果随访8个月至6年,术后脑积水明显缓解或消失138例(94.5%),8例脑积水缓解不明显或无效(5.5%),改行脑室腹腔分流术。ICP监护显示:术后6 h内平均ICP明显下降,低于10 mm Hg,此后缓慢轻度上升,96 h稳定于12 mm Hg;单纯导水管狭窄性脑积水平均ICP上升较缓慢、波动较小,最后达到10 mm Hg;而肿瘤性脑积水上升较快、波动较大,最后达到15 mm Hg。并发症28例(19.2%):术后发热22例,双额部硬膜外血肿1例、切口脑脊液漏2例、脑室少量积血2例、硬膜下积液1例。本组无死亡。结论 1第三脑室底造瘘治疗梗阻性脑积水(尤其是导水管狭窄脑积水)安全、有效,应作为其首选治疗手段;2术后行ICP动态监护,不仅可监测颅内压的变化,判断手术是否有效,同时可以观察有无脑室继发性出血等并发症及指导术后用药。     

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy for obstructive hydrocephalus in children younger than 6 months of age: is it a first-choice method?

INTRODUCTION: Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is considered a safe procedure and is a method of choice in treatment of obstructive hydrocephalus nowadays. In case of Sylvian aqueduct stenosis, the success rate reaches 90%. In children younger than 6 to 24 months, respectively, however, some authors report lower effectiveness ranging between 0% and 64%. The reasons of ETV failure are discussed: hyporesorption in patients with obstruction as a consequence of hemorrhage or infection, suboptimal ETV performance, especially in premature newborns, or the theory of different cerebrospinal fluid circulation in newborn babies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between January 2005 and December 2006 in our clinic, 14 patients younger than 6 months having presented with obstructive hydrocephalus were treated endoscopically. Obstruction was revealed by preoperative magnetic resonance imaging. The etiology of hydrocephalus was congenital aqueduct stenosis in five patients, posthemorrhagic obstruction in eight patients, and combination of posthemorrhagic and postinfection etiology in one patient. ETV was considered successful when no shunt operation was needed in the patient. RESULTS: ETV was successful in eight patients who experienced regression of signs of intracranial hypertension and were not forced to undergo ventriculo-peritoneal (V-P) shunting. In one patient, a successful repeat ETV was performed. In the remaining six patients, V-P shunt implantation was necessary. Total success rate in our group of patients was 57%. The only complication was subdural hygroma in one patient requiring evacuation. CONCLUSION: Based on our experience, we recommend ETV as the method of choice in children younger than 6 month of age.     

第三脑室底造瘘术和脑室-腹腔分流术治疗非交通性脑积水的Meta分析

目的通过Meta分析对神经内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术(ETV)和脑室-腹腔(V-P)分流术治疗非交通性脑积水的疗效进行综合分析。方法通过计算机检索PubMed、EMBASE、Ovid、ScienceDirec、SpringerLink、中国知网数据库、万方、维普及中国生物医学文献数据库,查出2000-2010年发表的有关ETV和V-P分流术治疗非交通性脑积水的相关文献,选择RevMan5.0软件以固定效应模型进行Meta分析。结果纳入9项临床对照研究。Meta分析结果显示:与V-P分流术相比,ETV术后症状缓解率、颅内血肿形成率差异无统计学意义(P>0.01),而ETV术后并发症发生率及复发率均明显低于V-P分流术(P<0.01)。结论 ETV和V-P分流术疗效相当,但ETV术后并发症发生率和复发率较低。     

Third ventriculostomy vs ventriculoperitoneal shunt in pediatric obstructive hydrocephalus: results from a Swiss series and literature review

Introduction Few series compare endoscopic third ventriculostomies (ETV) and ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPS). To avoid the complications after a shunt insertion, there is an increased tendency to perform a third ventriculostomy. We reviewed all pediatric patients operated in the French-speaking part of Switzerland for a newly diagnosed obstructive hydrocephalus since 1992 and compared the outcome of patients who benefited from ETV to the outcome of patients who benefited from VPS. There were 24 ETV and 31 VPS. Discussion At 5 years of follow-up, the failure rate of ETV was 26%, as compared to 42% for the VPS group. This trend is also found in the pediatric series published since 1990 (27 peer-reviewed articles analyzed). Conclusion In accordance to this trend, although a statistical difference cannot be assessed, we believe that ETV should be the procedure of choice in pediatric obstructive hydrocephalus.     

神经内镜下和传统分流术治疗脑积水的疗效评价

目的 评价神经内镜下第三脑室底造瘘术(ETV)或联合神经内镜引导下脑室腹腔分流术(EVPS)与传统分流术治疗脑积水的临床效果和并发症.方法 深圳大学第一附属医院神经外科自2002年6月至2009年6月共手术治疗299例脑积水患者,其中神经内镜组(98例)患者行神经内镜下ETV或联合EVPS(20例梗阻性脑积水患者仅行ETV,78例行ETV联合EVPS),传统分流组(201例)患者行传统分流术(196例行脑室腹腔分流术,5例行脑室心房分流术),分析2组患者的临床资料并比较其临床疗效和并发症的发生率.结果 与传统分流组比较,神经内镜组远期疗效好、堵管发生率低、置管位置准确率高、置管次数少,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 应用神经内镜治疗不同原因脑积水是有益的手术方法,具有远期疗效好、堵管发生率低、置管位置准确等优势.     

Simultaneous endoscopic third ventriculostomy and ventriculoperitoneal shunt for infantile hydrocephalus

Objective We analyzed a series of consecutive hydrocephalic infants treated with implantation of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) and endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) simultaneously. Materials and methods Between 1995 and 2006, we treated the 111 hydrocephalic infants. Among those patients, 31 infants underwent VPS and ETV simultaneously, and 45 patients underwent only VPS. The ETV plus VPS group had 17 males and 14 females with a mean age of 6.32 months. The VPS only group consisted of 25 males and 20 females with a mean age of 4.43 months. There was no difference in etiology of hydrocephalus or clinical characteristics between the two groups. We compared shunt effectiveness by calculating the pre- and postoperative ventricular index and shunt failure rates during the follow-up period between the two groups. The follow-up period ranged from 6 to 140 months (mean, 53.23 months) in the ETV plus VPS group and from 6 to 148 months (mean, 75.98 months) in the VPS only group. The success rate was 83.9% (26 of 31) in the ETV plus VPS group and 68.9% (31 of 45) in the VPS only group. There were three infections and two shunt obstructions in the ETV plus VPS group versus eight obstructions, five infections, and one overdrainage in the VPS group. The preoperative and postoperative ventricular ratio of both groups showed statistically significant change (P < 0.000). Conclusion This simultaneous procedure could be the first choice of action for the hydrocephalic patients less than 1 year old.     

微创穿刺术和钻孔引流术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿的对比研究

目的 比较微创穿刺术(MPO)与钻孔引流术(TDO)治疗慢性硬膜下血肿(CSDH)的疗效.方法 本院收治64例慢性硬膜下血肿患者随机分为微创组30例,钻孔组34例,对两组患者术后并发症、术后3d及7d血肿清除率和术后1月复发率进行比较,并进行统计学分析.结果 微创穿刺术后气颅的发生率低于钻孔引流术,分别为6.6％和29.4％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),两组术后新鲜出血、颅内感染、深部脑组织损伤、术后3d及术后7d血肿清除率和术后1月复发率两者比较无明显差别(P＞0.05).结论 微创穿刺术治疗慢性硬膜下血肿优于钻孔引流术,具有术后气颅发生率低、创伤轻微等优点.     

第三脑室底造瘘治疗梗阻性脑积水

目的：探讨对梗阻性脑积水患者采用在神经内窥镜下进行第三脑室底造瘘的手术方法。分析手术成功与失败的原因,方法：对21例不同原因造成的梗阻性脑积水患者进行了23次神经内视镜下的第三脑室底造瘘手术。结果：随访1-33个月,平均19个月,显效15例,有效2例,4例无效患者改行V-P分流术,2例接受2次造瘘;手术并发症包括颅内感染2例,严重硬膜下积液1例,暂时性脑疝1例,暂时性动眼神经麻痹1例,中脑及丘脑出血各1例,无死亡病例,结论：神经内窥镜下的第三脑室底造瘘对治疗梗阻性脑积水是一种安全、有效的手术方法,但为了提高手术疗效,减少手术并发症,应采用良好的手术器械、熟练掌握手术方法,选择适当手术患者。     

A new evaluation method for the intracranial volume changes and subdural effusion of patients following endoscopic third ventriculostomy

Objective

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is a procedure commonly applied in the treatment of non-communicating (obstructive) hydrocephalus. One of the rare complications that can occur following ETV is a subdural effusion, even though this procedure is considered to be a more controlled and natural method of cerebrospinal fluid drainage compared to external drainage. In this study, we evaluated the intracranial volume changes and subdural effusion of patients following ETV using Cavalieri method.

Method

Volumes analysis of the cranial cavity, brain, ventricles and subdural effusions of two patients after ETV were performed on computed tomography images using the Cavalieri principle, one of the stereological methods.

Results

The preoperative total intracranial volumes and the preoperative brain volumes decreased for both patients during the postoperative 3rd, 10th and 30th days. Following ETV, the volumes of the lateral ventricles of both patients initially decreased during the postoperative 3rd and 10th days, however, the volumes returned almost to their preoperative size by the end of the 30th day. The effusions were seen on the postoperative 3rd and 10th days resolved by the end of the 30th day.

Conclusion

Our results show that the Cavalieri method can be used to unbiased prediction of intracranial volume changes and to follow the subdural effusion after the ETV surgery.