Mg-Al/NC高能点火药的制备及性能研究

为提高点火药的点火能力,降低其吸湿性,采用Mg-Al合金粉为可燃剂,高氯酸钾(KClO4)为氧化剂,硝化棉(NC)为燃烧性能调节剂,制备了Mg-Al/NC高能点火药,并对其性能进行分析。研究结果表明:Mg-Al合金粉、NC可较大程度提高点火药的点火能力,Mg-Al/NC高能点火药与黑火药相比爆热增加约100%,比容增加约30%,固体残渣率增加约30%,火焰感度、撞击感度和摩擦感度有所下降,吸湿性降低。     

Mg-Al/NC高能点火药的制备及性能研究

为提高点火药的点火能力,降低其吸湿性,采用Mg-Al合金粉为可燃剂,高氯酸钾(KClO4)为氧化剂,硝化棉(NC)为燃烧性能调节剂,制备了Mg-Al/NC高能点火药,并对其性能进行分析。研究结果表明:Mg-Al合金粉、NC可较大程度提高点火药的点火能力,Mg-Al/NC高能点火药与黑火药相比爆热增加约100%,比容增加约30%,固体残渣率增加约30%,火焰感度、撞击感度和摩擦感度有所下降,吸湿性降低。     

火药燃烧有毒有害气体产物分析

在密闭容器中用SJ、GT火药模拟高能气体压裂不同燃烧压力下燃烧过程,通过红外光谱测定燃烧产物中有毒有害气体CO、NO的含量.结果表明:在高能气体压裂的压力范围内,SJ、GT火药CO的含量基本不受压力的影响,NO的含量随压力降低而增加;GT火药的燃烧产物中CO的含量低于SJ,NO的含量高于SJ.     

灼热桥丝式电点火药头的发火时间变化规律研究

使用F10数码电子雷管发火测试仪,研究苦味酸钾系电点火药头的发火时间与电容器的输出电压、桥丝直径之间的关系,并通过高速摄影仪拍摄药头的燃烧状况。试验结果表明:在可测试电压范围内,数码电子雷管电点火药头的发火时间随着输出电压的增大而逐渐减小,发火时间极差和标准差也逐渐减小;输出电压大于15.0 V后,苦味酸钾系电点火药头的平均发火时间稳定在0.42 ms左右,发火一致性很高;直径较小的桥丝电阻较大,桥丝与点火药剂之间的传热效率好,有利于提高电点火药头的瞬发度和发火可靠性;苦味酸钾系电点火药头的火焰明亮,药剂燃烧充分,燃烧时间较长（百毫秒级）,点火能力可靠。     

固态气体发生剂的发展和应用

一、前言固态气体发生剂早年是指燃温、燃速较低的推进剂。英文称为Gas Generator或GasGenerating Composition。随着应用范围的扩大和要求的不同,发展成利用各种非爆炸性物质的燃烧或热分解,通过一种特殊的装置——气体发生器来产生大量气体,以达到所需的气体体积或推力。因此固态气体发生剂的领域就大大扩大了。气体发生剂主要有两大用途,即作为动力源和气源。作为动力源,主要用于各种起动器、驱动器、增压器等的装药。早在50年代,它在军事上的应用就受到重视,出现的产品也较多,     

一种新型抗水点火药头的研究

介绍了一种新型Pb_3O_4-Si-DDNP抗水点火药头。与KClO_3-C-DDNP系列点火药头相比,它具有较多的优越性。将该药头完全浸入水中30min,然后装配成毫秒电雷管,仍然具有较好的秒量精度。此外,该点火药头具有防止桥丝腐蚀、燃烧生成气体少,强度高等特点。     

文摘

1.固体推进剂的非定常燃烧现象(Ⅰ)(日文)J85021152 久保田浪之介(防卫厅第三研究所):F476A《工业火药》(JPN)45(6)322～328(1984) 一般说来,推进剂的燃烧速度取决于燃烧室的压力。同样,压力也取决于燃烧速度,所以,从非定常燃烧向定常燃烧的转移则强烈地依赖于燃烧室的形状。本文通过简单化的点火模型,可以对点火过程有一个大致的了解,文中还就点火过程中推进剂表面     

导爆管式无起爆药雷管装药条件的试验研究

使用外径？6.0 mm,内径？3.5 mm,长度分别为30 mm、25 mm、20 mm 的钢内管,装填结晶太安（PETN）作为起爆元件代替起爆药,利用硼系高能点火药点燃,研究导爆管式无起爆药雷管的装药条件。试验研究表明,30 mm 钢内管装药密度为0.88～1.45 g/ cm3,25 mm 钢内管装药密度为1.27～1.41g/ cm3,内管中 PETN 能够可靠地发生燃烧转爆轰（DDT）。在装药压力为3.06 MPa 时,内管 PETN 发生燃烧转爆轰的点火药极限药量为76 mg。     

火炸药新用途

利用火药、炸药爆炸或燃烧时所产生的高温、高压、高速气体以及发光、发音、发色的特点,用于工业,如众所周知的爆炸加工、爆炸压接金属包层、爆炸焊接、爆炸内衬、爆炸压缩、爆炸强化、爆炸扩管、爆炸活化、爆炸合成、爆炸成型及小型精密加工等等外,尚有如下用途: (一)气体发生器气体发生器使用的气体发生剂主要是可以产生氮气的硝酸铵、重铬酸铵、金属的叠氮化     

文摘

1由回收枪炮火药和固体火箭推进剂制造工业炸药 NATO Sci,Ser．,Ⅱ2000,3（北大西洋公约组织,科学丛书）（应用退役的枪炮火药和火箭推进剂制造工业炸药）29—34（英文） 讨论了将退役的枪炮火药和固体火箭推进剂转制成工业炸药。提出了由回收枪炮火药和固体火箭推进剂制得的工业炸药的性状。     

电点火头发火过程的时间结构的研究

该文设计了一种测试电发火过程时间结构的测试方法和测试系统,该方法可以同时测试电发火过程中桥丝的升温时间和点火药的爆发延滞期,实验表明,KP,K1K和LTNR电点火头发火的时间参数与点火电流,通电时间和点火药的燃烧特性有关,影响发火时间的主要因素是点火药的燃烧特性。     

无烟煤在黑火药中的初步应用

文章介绍了无烟煤在工业黑火药中的应用。研究表明,无烟煤作为黑火药可燃剂组分可以在现有工艺设备不变的条件下完成制药和制索过程。无烟煤的引入可以大大地稳定导火索燃速,使用3%～5%的无烟煤制成全通过40目筛的黑火药,存储5个月后再用于制索,其燃速仅下降9 m/s,远低于现行导火索;温、湿度影响试验表明,相同条件下其燃速变化只是现行导火索的一半。     

花岗岩的黑火药爆炸切割技术

本文介绍了爆炸切割与光面爆破的区别；系统阐述了石材切割技术方案选择、黑火药爆炸切割参数的确定、切割工艺、起爆技术及切割实例。     

花岗岩的黑火药爆炸切割技术

本文介绍了爆炸切割与光面爆破的区别；系统阐述了石材切割技术方案选择、黑火药爆炸切割参数的确定、切割工艺、起爆技术及切割实例。     

Dielectric studies of polyvinyl-acetate-based phantom for applications in microwave medical imaging

Phantoms that exhibit complex dielectric properties similar to low water content biological tissues over the electromagnetic spectrum of 2–3 GHz have been synthesized from carbon black powder, graphite powder and polyvinyl-acetate-based adhesive. The materials overcome various problems that are inherent in conventional phantoms such as decomposition and deterioration due to the invasion of bacteria or mold. The absorption coefficients of the materials for various compositions of carbon black and graphite powder are studied. A combination of 50% polyvinyl-acetate-based adhesive, 20% carbon black powder and 30% graphite powder exhibits high absorption coefficient, which suggests another application of the material as good microwave absorber for interior lining of tomographic chamber in microwave imaging. Cavity perturbation technique is adopted to study the dielectric properties of the material.     

碳热还原法制备部分石墨化的C/B_4C复合粉体

以炭黑和硼酸为原料,通过碳热还原法合成了部分石墨化的C/B4C复合粉体。考察了加热温度和硼酸添加量对C/B4C复合粉体合成过程的影响,采用X射线衍射和扫描电镜等方法对C/B4C复合粉体的物相及形貌进行了分析,利用热重法研究了C/B4C复合粉体的氧化性能。研究结果表明,随着加热温度的升高,复合粉体的石墨化度增大,B4C含量下降;随着硼酸加入量的增大,复合粉体中B4C含量及其石墨化度均增大;当炭黑和硼酸加入量分别为33.21%和66.79%时,经1900℃热处理所得复合粉体的石墨化度达23.26%,B4C含量为20.63%;与工业用B4C和炭黑的混合物相比,实验室合成的C/B4C复合粉体具有较好的抗氧化性能。     

Effect of corn powder as filler in radial passenger tyre tread compound

The present context of technological scenario, requirement of developing low rolling resistance passenger radial tyres with naturally occurring environmental friendly materials is inevitable. Several studies have been reported by using silica filler in place of carbon black for improving the rolling resistance property. In the present study, an attempt has been made to investigate the effect of biodegradable Indian corn powder in tyre tread compound as filler. The effect of corn powder in gum and filled compound of both natural rubber (NR) and styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) based compound has been studied. It was found that corn powder of 200-mesh size increased thermal stability of NR compound and acted as a non-reinforcing filler. It also affected the fatigue properties and abrasion loss when the carbon black was partially replaced with corn powder. However, an improvement in the temperature build up (TBU) and tan δ at 60 °C (a representative of rolling resistance property of tyre) was observed.     

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy analysis of energetic materials

A number of energetic materials and explosives have been studied by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). They include black powder, neat explosives such as TNT, PETN, HMX, and RDX (in various forms), propellants such as M43 and JA2, and military explosives such as C4 and LX-14. Each of these materials gives a unique spectrum, and generally the spectra are reproducible shot to shot. We observed that the laser-produced microplasma did not initiate any of the energetic materials studied. Extensive studies of black powder and its ingredients by use of a reference spectral library have demonstrated excellent accuracy for unknown identification. Finally, we observed that these nitrogen- and oxygen-rich materials yield LIBS spectra in air that have correspondingly different O:N peak ratios compared with air. This difference can help in the detection and identification of such energetic materials.     

大型电站锅炉节油点火技术的经济性分析

针对大型发电锅炉点火和助燃耗油量大的问题,着重介绍了目前电厂应用较为广泛的两种节油点火技术——微油点火技术和等离子点火技术.在对它们进行技术、经济比较的基础上,对这两项节油技术所带来的经济效益进行了计算和分析.通过对比可以看出,目前在我国各电厂大力推广微油点火技术具有很大的市场前景和潜力.     

Preparation of SnO2 nanoparticles less than 10 nm in size by precipitation using hydrophilic carbon black powder

Tin oxide powder has recently been prepared by a modified precipitation method in which the precipitate is mixed with carbon black powder, a method which offers low cost and mass production. In this study, we prepared tin oxide powder by the modified precipitation method using hydrophilic and non-hydrophilic carbon black powders. When using the hydrophilic carbon black powder, the crystallite size of the tin oxide after firing at 600 °C was 7.5 nm. In contrast, when using the non-hydrophilic carbon black powder, the crystallite size was 18 nm. Thus the crystallite size was shown to depend on the hydrophilicity of the carbon black powder. The smaller crystallite size obtained may be a result of the gel precipitate (stannic acid) particles being dispersed more uniformly on the surface of the hydrophilic carbon black powder than those on the surface of the non-hydrophilic carbon black powder.