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项目介绍:中缅原油管道是继中哈原油管道、中亚天然气管道和中俄原油管道之后又一条重要能源进口通道,它包括原油管道和天然气管道,可跨越马六甲海峡,对保障我国能源安全有重大意义。中国港湾工程有限责任公司承担了整个管道项目的龙头建设工程——缅甸马德岛30万吨原油码头建设及航道建设工程。在中缅原油管道项目码头工程的推进中,项目部遇到     

外海无掩护原油码头工程施工重点环节控制

无掩护状态下的外海原油码头在施工过程中不具有天然的障碍，因此把握好施工过程中的重点环节对于工程质量具有关键性意义。本文在概述了外海无掩护状态下原油码头的特征的基础上，从控制岸坡稳定性、控制水上沉桩的施工、控制墩台浇筑的施工以及控制大风恶劣天气的施工四个方面，分别研究了无掩护原油码头的施工环节控制重点，并针对性地提出了完善策略。     

部分预制装配混凝土结构海洋码头工程设计

在 1 940年代 ,美国德克札高 (TEXACO)石油公司在洪都拉斯国北方海岸建有一个钢结构的原油码头。 1 998年德克札高公司在原来的旧址重建新码头和岸边的引桥。新原油码头工程采用预制预应力混凝土桩基础。上部结构采用预制和现浇混凝土叠合结构。施工中基本免除了现场的模板工程作业 ,大大提高了工程质量 ,缩短了施工周期。介绍这一设计的特色及施工和安装中的要点 ,其创新设计观念给码头工程和海工结构的传统设计提供了新的思路     

信息快递

中国形成沿海大型专业化码头建设成套技术新华网北京7月7日电围绕煤炭、原油、集装箱、矿石等为代表的大型现代专业化码头的建设,中国在地基处理、水工结构、水工及疏浚技术、装卸工艺等方面均有重大技术创新,初步形成了大型专业化码头建设成套技术。     

原油外输站集输改造节能分析

针对江苏油田真武-联盟庄-码头输油现状,通过改造输油管线,加大了原油集输力度。在完成管线改造工程、管材处理工艺及设计参数的基础上,以控制腐蚀、防垢和泄漏,确保原油集输满足生产的需要。同时也可有效地降低对周围环境的污染,为实现保证管道的安全运行和南水北调水源水质安全奠定基础。真武-联盟庄-码头集输改造也显现出节能效果,为将来其它集输系统工程改造提供借鉴。     

浅谈天津港原油码头钢管桩的防腐保护

通过对钢管桩防腐保护方法的概述,介绍了防腐涂层保护在天津港20万t级原油码头工程中的应用,指出该工程应用腐蚀涂料对钢管桩进行防腐保护,对码头钢管桩起到很好的保护作用。     

大型钢桥吊装施工关键技术

绥中36-1终端码头扩建项目5万吨级原油码头工程采用重力墩身结构，上部结构为制安扇形块和现浇混凝土墩台，各墩台通过钢桥连接。文章主要介绍了钢桥吊装施工难点及解决措施。     

复杂的水下切割

2004年，Seth公司与葡萄牙能源巨头GALP签订合同．承揽拆除位于Lisbon郊外Tagus河的一个旧码头．这个码头是由钢筋混凝土管柱承载的，自从1964年以来一直作为GALP的原油转运码头。     

轻型码头结构计算方法研究

本文结合大连新港新建30万吨级（兼靠45万吨）进口原油码头工程,以轻型码头结构靠船墩为研究对象,根据工程实地条件及使用要求,对轻型码头结构计算方法进行研究。研究的重点内容为：结构强度计算、结构稳定性分析、结构动力反应分析、结构疲劳分析。本文所总结的轻型码头结构的计算方法可广泛应用于离岸深水港,促进我国港口的进一步发展。     

沿海大型油品码头防火设计探讨

沿海大型油品码头防火设计探讨浙江省消防总队潘左阳，孙世增一、引言１９９３年２月１１日，浙江舟山港岙山石油中转储运基地油品码头，成功地接卸了英籍３１．８万吨油轮“兰姆帕斯”号装载的１９．５万吨原油，从此结束了我国沿海港口无法靠泊接卸２０万吨级以上油轮的...     

水泥土搅拌桩在软土地基处理中的应用

阐述了水泥土搅拌桩法的加固机理,结合曹妃甸原油码头及配套设施工程汉沽站综合楼工程实例,介绍了水泥土搅拌桩的设计计算过程及施工中应注意的问题,为类似工程提供了参考借鉴。     

Simple, continuous-flow systems for dissolving the water-soluble components of crude oil into sea-water for acute or chronic exposure of marine organisms

A continuous flow apparatus, referred to as a solubilizer, was constructed to dissolve the water-soluble fraction (WSF) of crude oil into water for short and long-term experiments with marine organisms. The basic solubilizer system consists of an oil reservoir, oil pump, modified glass bottle, and oil waste reservoir. This system dissolves the water-soluble components of crude oil without the loss of the more volatile compounds and without the formation of emulsions or oil droplets. Four solubilizer systems (two continuous flow and two recirculating) were evaluated for their efficiency in extracting the water-soluble components from Cook Inlet crude oil by analyzing for six monoaromatics over a 96-h period of continuous operation. When a solubilizer system was started, a stable concentration of the monocyclic aromatics in the water-soluble fraction was reached within 24 h. The water quality of the WSF effluent was not altered markedly in the continuous (open) flow systems, but there was a substantial reduction in dissolved oxygen in the recirculated (closed) systems. A single solubilizer system (open flow) with a 3 ml min⁻¹ oil flow and a 1 l min⁻¹ sea-water flow generated approx. 1.4 ppm of the total monoaromatics, which includes benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and the three xylene isomers. This concentration varied depending on physical parameters and the chemical composition of the crude oil and water. With only slight modifications of the basic continuous flow system, a higher concentration (> 3.4 ppm total monoaromatics) of the water-soluble fraction of crude oil was achieved. By recirculating the water supply, concentrations of 6.7–11 ppm total monoaromatics in the WSF were produced. The stability, reproducibility, and reliability of the four systems were demonstrated in several experiments. Researchers working in aquatic systems with crude oil can well appreciate a simple system that is easily cleaned, relatively maintenance-free, and which produces stable, reproducible concentrations of the WSF over extended periods of time. The increasing demands for ecological studies on aquatic organisms with crude oil, a difficult mixture of chemicals with which to work, precipitated the development of these solubilizer systems.     

The effect of diameter on the burning of crude oil pool fires

In order to understand the combustion characteristics of crude oil pool fires, an experimental study was carried out at the Fire Research Institute (FRI) large scale test facility. The radiative output, burning rate, and the concentrations of CO, CO₂, and smoke (above the flame tip) were measured during the burning of Arabian light crude oil, heptane, toluene, and kerosene floating on water. The effect of scale was studied by using steel pans ranging from 0.6 to 3 meters in diameter.Crude oil burned less rapidly and gave off less thermal radiation compared with heptane, but when water boiling, i.e., boilover, occurred, the burning rate increased by a factor of two or more. The intensity of boilover is related to pan diameter and initial fuel layer thickness.     

老化原油回收利用工艺技术现状及展望

老化原油的及时回收与高效处理,对于节约能源、减轻污水处理和集输系统的压力等问题,具有重要的经济和环境效益.文章对回收处理老化原油的常规技术和近几年出现的新技术进行分析,并对各种回收处理技术的优缺点进行对比,对老化原油回收处理技术的发展趋势提出了展望.     

On the environmental fate of a dispersed ekofisk crude oil in sea-immersed plastic columns

The environmental fate of dispersed non-viscous crude oils has been investigated using a tritiated and a nonlabelled Ekofisk crude oil. Half a litre of the respective oils were poured onto the water surface of two large plastic enclosures sea water at 60° latitude north of Bergen, Norway during the month of June 1980. The resulting slicks were treated with a nonlabelled detergent Corexit 9527 24 h after the initial addition of the oil. Two replicate ecosystems without the added detergent served as control.A high concentration of polar petroleum-derived components exceeding the concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons several times has been found in the oil/dispersant enclosures, which together with transformation products of the dispersant Corexit 9527 have proved fairly toxic to several marine biota. Photo-oxidation of the oil/dispersant mixture has been invoked as a primary mechanism to explain the formation of polar substances being leached into the water column.     

Comparative effects of biostimulation and phytoremediation on crude oil degradation and absorption by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes [Mart.] Solms)

This study investigated the effects of inorganic fertilizer (urea) amendment on crude oil degradation and uptake by water hyacinth (Eichhornia crasssipes). Experimental units (fresh borehole water) were spiked with crude oil at four different concentrations and then were randomly assigned fertilizer (urea) at three different concentrations. Crude oil degradation and absorption were determined monthly by measuring total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) in water column and water hyacinth, respectively. The water hyacinth planted in the control absorbed significantly (p?相似文献   

原油储罐火灾热波速度的探究

在原油储罐火灾中，沸溢的发生致使火灾事态难以控制和扑救。热波特性是导致原油储罐火灾中发生“沸溢”事故的内在原因，而热波速度是何时发生沸溢的关键要素。文章以油罐火灾理论分析为基础，结合相关试验研究结果，探究原油储罐火灾热波特性主要影响要素，并揭示热波速度与原油组分、含水量、油罐内油品液位以及油罐开口面积的关系，得出相应的结论。     

温度对吸油毡吸油性影响试验研究

分别利用低温和高温环境试验箱严格模拟环境温度,在不同温度环境下测试四种常用吸油毡对三种渤海原油的吸油性。试验同时测定三种原油的凝点,用于探索油品凝点对吸油毡吸油性的影响。试验结果表明:被测试的十二组吸油过程均属于物理过程,提出的关于吸油毡表面黏附和渗透作用的数学模式能较好描述这些过程;对于这三种原油而言,渗透吸油作用在冬季只适合于绥中原油;另外,吸油毡对三种原油,即使在夏秋季也无法达到最大吸油性;黏附和渗透吸油倍数同原油凝点以及吸油毡类型有关。四种吸油毡中,MXU1000系列的吸油性最好,羊毛毡的吸油性最低。     

土壤中原油的解吸试验研究

对土壤中原油的解吸动力学及土壤粒径、pH值和温度3个影响因素进行了研究.研究结果表明:土壤中原油的解吸动力学符合Lagergren准二级动力学方程;原油污染土壤粒径越小,解吸的原油量越多;在pH值2～12范围内土壤中原油的解吸量随pH值的增大而增大;随着温度的升高,原油的解吸量逐渐增大.