十二指肠乳头旁憩室58例ERCP结果分析

目的探讨十二指肠乳头旁憩室与胆胰疾病的关系以及对诊疗性ERCP的影响。方法回顾性分析259例ERCP的诊疗结果,了解十二指肠乳头旁憩室与胆管疾病的关系及对诊疗性ERCP的影响。结果发现十二指肠乳头旁憩室患者58例,发现率22.39%,其中63.79%合并有胆管结石,ERCP造影成功率98.28%,93.10%胆管显影,74.14%进行了治疗性ERCP。结论十二指肠乳头旁憩室患者易合并胆管结石,在诊疗性ERCP中只要术者耐心、细心、小心,即使是治疗性ERCP也是安全的。     

十二指肠乳头旁憩室对诊疗性内镜逆行胰胆管造影术的影响

背景：临床上将十二指肠乳头旁2～3cm范围内的憩室称为十二指肠乳头旁憩室（JPD），约占十二指肠憩室的90％。JPD与胆胰疾病的发生密切相关，并对诊疗性内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）的操作有一定影响。目的：探讨JPD与胆胰疾病的关系及其对诊疗性ERCP的影响。方法：回顾性分析JPD与十二指肠乳头的关系及其对造影成功率、治疗性ERCP及其并发症的影响。结果：本组行诊疗性ERCP患者中发现JPD67例，发现率为23、3％。JPD患者61．2％合并有胆管结石．ERCP造影成功率97．0％，胆管显影率91．0％．71．6％的患者行治疗性ERCP。结论：JPD患者易合并胆管结石，给诊疗性ERCP带来困难和风险，但只要操作者耐心、细心、小心，即使是治疗性ERCP也是安全的。     

十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆胰疾病ERCP手术风险分析

目的探讨十二指肠乳头旁憩室(periampullary diverticula,PAD)与胆胰疾病的关系,及其对内镜下逆行胰胆管造影(endoscopic retrograde cholangio pancreatography,ERCP)的成功率和手术相关并发症的影响.方法回顾性分析2016-01/2016-12在南昌大学第一附属医院接受ERCP术的1455例患者的病例资料,按患者是否有PAD,分为PAD组(293例)和非PAD组(1162例),分析并比较2组之间胆胰疾病的发生率、ERCP手术成功率及其术后并发症发生率.结果PAD发生率随年龄的增大而升高(P0.001).PAD组胆系结石发生率高于非PAD组(P=0.012).PAD组化脓性胆管炎、急性胰腺炎、胰头癌发生率均高于非PAD组(P0.05).PAD组ERCP术后出血、穿孔、术后胰腺炎、高淀粉酶血症等并发症发生率均高于非PAD组(P0.05).2组ERCP术成功率无明显差异(P0.05).结论PAD容易并发胆胰疾病,会增加ERCP并发症发生率,但对ERCP术成功率没有影响.     

十二指肠乳头旁憩室与胆胰疾病的关系

十二指肠乳头旁憩室与胆胰疾病关系密切。我院自1996年1月~2005年12月共行逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)891例,发现十二指肠乳头旁憩室56例,发现率为6.3%。我们对十二指肠乳头旁憩室的诊断及其与胆胰疾病的关系进行探讨。临床资料1.一般资料:十二指肠乳头旁憩室患者56例,男性41例,女性15例,年龄27~70岁,平均年龄54.1岁,>50岁者44例(78.6%)。56例憩室中并发胆总管结石者32例(57.1%),急性胰腺炎15例(26.8%),其中10例合并有胆总管结石,无结石胆系感染6例(10.7%),胆管癌2例(3.6%),胰头癌3例(5.5%),胆胰正常者8例(14.3%)。总胆胰疾病合并率为85.7%(48…     

合并十二指肠乳头旁憩室的胆胰疾病患者行经内镜逆行胰胆管造影的操作技巧

目的探讨合并十二指肠乳头旁憩室行经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)的操作技巧。方法回顾性分析2013年3月-2015年2月于山东省交通医院肝胆内镜科行ERCP合并十二指肠乳头旁憩室患者867例的临床资料,分析插管成功率、治疗效果及并发症发生情况。结果插管成功率99.8%,使用切开刀直接插管成功793例,采用双导丝及胰管支架占据44例,止血夹固定乳头法3例,预切开25例,2例未能成功插管。治疗过程中出现胰腺炎5例,穿孔1例,延迟性出血1例,经保守治疗后均治愈。结论 ERCP治疗合并十二指肠乳头旁憩室的胆胰疾病,应明确ERCP、内镜下乳头括约肌切开术适应证,根据乳头特点采用针对性的操作技巧,有助于提高成功率,减少并发症,是一种安全的微创治疗方法。     

老年患者ERCP术后十二指肠乳头出血与原发疾病的关系研究

目的探讨老年患者经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)术后十二指肠乳头出血与原发疾病的关系。方法回顾性分析成都大学附属医院收治的320例老年胆胰疾病患者的临床资料,分析ERCP术后十二指肠乳头出血与原发疾病的相关性。结果老年患者ERCP术后十二指肠乳头出血总体发生率为6.3%。出血组中壶腹部嵌顿结石、胆管癌、胰头癌及十二指肠乳头癌患者所占比例均明显高于未出血组(P均0.05)。出血组患者合并高血压病及十二指肠乳头旁憩室的比例均明显高于未出血组(P均0.05)。结论老年壶腹部嵌顿结石、恶性肿瘤患者以及合并高血压病、十二指肠乳头旁憩室的患者,ERCP术后十二指肠乳头出血的风险较大。ERCP术后出血治疗首选急诊内镜下止血。     

治疗性ERCP在78例高龄人群中的临床研究

目的高龄人群(≥70岁)行治疗性逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)的疗效观察。方法对78例高龄胰胆管疾病患者行治疗性ERCP,分析诊治经过及并发症的处理。结果 78例患者中成功行治疗性ERCP 74例,其中胆总管结石52例,行十二指肠乳头括约肌切开术(EST)取石40例,行胆管支架引流术(ERBD)8例(3～6个月再次行ERCP取石治疗),行鼻胆管引流(ENBD)4例;胰胆肿瘤18例,均行ERBD后病情减轻;十二指肠乳头炎症4例,行EST后治愈。术后6例患者出现高淀粉酶血症,2例出现ERCP相关胰腺炎,2例合并胆管炎,1例发生小穿孔。结论 ERCP对高龄患者治疗安全有效。     

十二指肠乳头部憩室的诊断与治疗

目的　总结十二指肠乳头部憩室 (JPD)的诊断和治疗经验。方法　在 4 2 80例逆行胰胆管造影术 (ERCP)检查中发现JPD 192例。根据十二指肠乳头与憩室的位置关系将其分类。对其中 83例行各种手术治疗。结果　可将憩室分为二种类型。乳头外型 :憩室位于乳头周围 ,共 12 5例 ( 65 .1% )。其中 3 1例 ( 2 4 .8% )因憩室炎、憩室出血、穿孔或合并胆结石等并发症行手术治疗。乳头内型 :乳头在憩室内 ,共 67例 ( 3 4.9% ) ,其中 5 2例 ( 77.6% )因伴有返流性胆管炎、胰腺炎、胆囊或胆管结石行各种手术治疗。结论　ERCP是诊断JPD的主要方法。根据乳头与憩室的关系 ,可将憩室分为乳头外型和乳头内型。JPD中若合并严重憩室炎、憩室出血、穿孔或胆胰疾病特别是胆结石者 ,常需外科治疗。     

逆行胰胆管造影治疗80岁以上老年人胆胰疾病的临床观察

目的 评价治疗性逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)对80岁以上老年患者胆胰疾病的疗效及安全性. 方法 回顾分析我院自2004年1月至2008年4月诊治的80岁以上行ERCP治疗的老年患者120例,同时观察其并发症. 结果 120例患者,造影成功117例(成功率97.5%),其中胆管癌22例,十二指肠乳头癌3例,胰腺癌8例,急性胆源性胰腺炎15例,慢性胰腺炎5例,急性化脓性胆管炎9例,胆总管结石58例.在ERCP过程中因血氧饱和度进行性下降和严重的心律失常而中止治疗2例;插镜失败1例,失败原因系肿瘤侵犯导致十二指肠球降部狭窄,镜身不能通过.胆道出血3例,急性胰腺炎2例. 结论 治疗性ERCP对80岁以上老年人胆胰疾病的诊治创伤小,且有效及安全,高龄并非治疗性ERCP的禁忌证.     

双腔前视胃镜治疗毕Ⅱ式胃空肠吻合术后胆胰疾病的临床观察

目的评价使用双腔前视胃镜对毕Ⅱ式胃空肠吻合术后胆胰疾病患者进行经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）治疗的疗效及安全性。方法回顾性总结46例使用双腔前视胃镜进行ERCP治疗的毕Ⅱ式胃空肠吻合术后胆胰疾病患者的临床资料,统计十二指肠乳头插管成功率、并发症发生情况和治疗情况。结果十二指肠乳头插管成功率为82．6％（38／46）,8例失败,其中6例因双腔前视胃镜无法进入输入袢找到十二指肠乳头而失败,2例因乳头插管困难而失败。38例插管成功者中,3l例胆管结石者均成功取出结石,4例胆总管下端恶性梗阻者均成功置入胆管金属支架,3例十二指肠乳头良性狭窄者经气囊扩张后均成功置入鼻胆引流管;所有患者术后恢复良好,无一例发生出血、穿孔和术后胰腺炎等严重并发症。结论使用双腔前视胃镜对毕Ⅱ式胃空肠吻合术后胆胰疾病患者进行ERCP治疗,插管成功率较高,可顺利完成后续ERCP相关治疗,并且不会明显增加并发症发生率,具有较好的临床应用价值。     

The role of ERCP in patients with pancreatico-biliary problems in the setting of hematopoietic stem cell transplant

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplant may develop pancreatico-biliary complications that may require ERCP. Due to their immunocompromised state, these patients may be at higher risk of procedure-related complications. OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of ERCP in the diagnosis and treatment of patients who have undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplant and the patients' clinical outcomes. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplant who underwent ERCP from 1997 to 2004 evaluating ERCP indications, diagnosis, therapeutic interventions, and complications. SETTING: Tertiary referral center. RESULTS: Of the 16 patients identified, 9 were female, 15 had had allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant, and 1 had an autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Twenty-six ERCP procedures were performed in the 16 patients. Index ERCP findings included: extra hepatic bile duct obstruction in 12 patients, of which 7 had biliary lithiasis. Ampullary obstruction due to infiltration from graft versus host disease was seen in 3 of 12 patients, benign bile duct stricture in 1 of 12, and ampullary obstruction in the setting of a peri-ampullary diverticulum in 1 of 12. Index ERCP findings in the remaining 4 patients included: intrahepatic bile duct compression due to metastatic disease in 1 of 16 patients, bile duct leak in 1 of 16, pancreatic duct stone in 1 of 16, and normal ERCP in 1 of 16. Complications occurred in 4 patients: mild pancreatitis (1), mild bleeding (1), cholangitis due to late stent occlusion (1), and intermittent bradycardia (1). There were no ERCP-related deaths. LIMITATIONS: Single-center study. CONCLUSION: In patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplant, bile duct lithiasis was the most common finding at ERCP, followed by obstructive ampullary tissue infiltration due to graft versus host disease. ERCP yielded clinically relevant information in this particular group of patients.     

治疗性经内镜逆行胰胆管造影在高龄人群胆总管结石中的应用(附91例临床分析)

目的评价内镜治疗70岁以上胆总管结石患者的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析2004年1月～2010年12月我院内镜中心91例70岁以上胆总管结石患者的内镜诊治资料及随访情况。结果 91例患者经内镜逆行胰胆管造影(ERCP)全部成功,其中18例因插管困难行十二指肠乳头括约肌预切开术。所有患者均有胆总管结石,其中1枚结石者48例,2枚结石者19例,3枚或3枚以上结石者24例;取石方法:网篮直接取石13例,机械碎石后取石52例,球囊扩张后取石11例;胆总管放置塑料支架而未能一次取石15例。胆总管结石直径1.4～4.5 cm,平均(1.9±0.7)cm。7例出现出血并发症,应用局部喷洒或黏膜下注射1∶10 000肾上腺素、局部电凝方法止血;11例患者术后出现一过性淀粉酶升高,2例患者发生ERCP相关胰腺炎,上述患者行禁食、抑制胰液分泌、抑制胰酶活性、抗炎补液等治疗。入组患者无ERCP相关性死亡,89例患者随访6～12个月,2例失访,5例出现结石再发。结论内镜下治疗高龄胆总管结石患者疗效确切,安全性较好。     

内镜十二指肠乳头切开术治疗十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆总管结石

目的 探讨内镜乳头括约肌切开术(EST)对十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆总管结石治疗的方法及价值.方法 我院2005年1月至2009年4月282例EST病例,其中38例为十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆总管结石患者,回顾性分析十二指肠憩室对这些病例的ERCP成功率、EST及其并发症的影响.结果 该组38例十二指肠乳头旁憩室合并胆总管...     

1158例高龄胰胆疾病患者临床特征及内镜诊疗效果分析

目的评价高龄（≥80岁）胰胆疾病患者行经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）诊疗的临床价值。方法回顾性总结2007年1月至2013年6月行ERCP诊疗的1158例高龄胰胆疾病患者的临床资料,对临床特征、内镜诊治情况进行分析。结果1158例高龄胆疾病患者共接受1315例次ERCP诊疗,成功率为98．5％（1295／1315）。术中诊断胆管结石554例（47．8％）,恶性胆道梗阻494例（42．7％）,良性胆管狭窄42例（3．6％）,Mirrizi综合征23例（2．0％）,胰管结石21例（1．8％）,未见异常24例（2．1％）。术后并发胰腺炎67例次（6．5％）,高淀粉酶156例次（13．5％）,死亡5例（0．4％）。结论高龄胰胆疾病患者行ERCP诊疗安全有效。     

Assessment of occult pancreatobiliary reflux in patients with pancreaticobiliary disease by ERCP

Background The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of occult pancreatobiliary reflux by measuring the biliary amylase levels in the common bile duct (CBDA) and gallbladder (GBA) at endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP).Methods Eligible patients included 86 consecutive cases of pancreaticobiliary disease with prospective implementation of bile collection during an ERCP procedure. Patients with pancreatobiliary maljunction (PBM) were excluded. Nineteen cases of eligible patients had simultaneous collection of gallbladder bile. Bile was further collected by cholecystectomy in 8 cases.Results Twenty-two cases (26%) revealed a CBDA level higher than serum amylase (high bile amylase level, HBA group) and 64 cases exhibited a CBDA level lower than serum (LBA group). The mean values of CBDA in the HBA and LBA groups were 5502IU/l and 29IU/l, respectively. The rate of HBA was significantly higher in patients who were elderly, had a dilated common bile duct, and those with choledocholithiasis (P < 0.05). Three cases (16%) showed a CBDA greater than twice the GBA. Eleven cases (58%) exhibited a GBA higher than the CBDA. The values of GBA obtained during ERCP and cholecystectomy were consistent.Conclusions These findings suggest that even non-PBM cases can exhibit occult pancreatobiliary reflux, which can thereby cause biliary disease.     

Idiopathic recurrent pancreatitis: long-term results after ERCP, endoscopic sphincterotomy, or ursodeoxycholic acid treatment

OBJECTIVE: In about 30% of cases, the etiology of acute recurrent pancreatitis remains unexplained, and the term "idiopathic" is currently used to define such disease. We aimed to evaluate the long-term outcome of patients with idiopathic recurrent pancreatitis who underwent endoscopic cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) followed by either endoscopic biliary (and seldom pancreatic) sphincterotomy or ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) treatment, in a prospective follow-up study. METHODS: A total of 40 consecutive patients with intact gallbladder entered the study protocol after a 24-month observation period during which at least two episodes of pancreatitis occurred. All patients underwent diagnostic ERCP, followed by biliary or minor papilla sphincterotomy in cases of documented or suspected bile duct microlithiasis and sludge, type 2 sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, or pancreas divisum with dilated dorsal duct. Patients with no definite anatomical or functional abnormalities received long-term treatment with UDCA. After biliary sphincterotomy, patients with further episodes of pancreatitis underwent main pancreatic duct stenting followed by pancreatic sphincterotomy if the stent had proved to be effective. RESULTS: ERCP found an underlying cause of pancreatitis in 70% of cases. Patients were followed-up for a period ranging from 27 to 73 months. Effective therapeutic ERCP or UDCA oral treatment proved that occult bile stone disease and type 2 or 3 sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (biliary or pancreatic segment) had been etiological factors in 35 of the 40 cases (87.5%) After therapeutic ERCP or UDCA, only three patients still continued to have episodes of pancreatitis. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP and UDCA were effective in 92.5% of our cases, over a long follow-up, indicating that the term "idiopathic" was justified only in a few patients with acute recurrent pancreatitis.     

10955例经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术患者临床总结分析

目的探讨经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术（ERCP）对胆胰疾病的诊疗价值。方法回顾性分析1995年1月至2013年7月间完成ERCP诊治的患者10955例,其中男6186例,女4769例,平均年龄（65．57±14．44）岁。总结并分析ERCP诊治病种、发病年龄、年度数量、麻醉方式及插管成功率等指标。结果10955例患者中,诊断性ERCP167例,治疗性ERCP10788例。2002年至2012年ERCP手术例数年平均增长率是19．58％。首次ERCP胆管插管成功率是97．23％,总ERCP胆管插管成功率是99．59％。常见的ERCP诊治疾病包括肝外胆管结石（40．85％）、肝门部胆管癌（10．53％）、化脓性胆管炎（10．44％）、胰头癌（10．04％）、慢性胰腺炎（8．24％）、肝外胆管癌（7．68％）、壶腹周围癌（6．96％）、胆源性胰腺炎（3．94％）、良性乳头狭窄（3．88％）、乳头癌（3．50％）。肝外胆管结石、化脓性胆管炎、良性乳头狭窄高发年龄是40～50岁,慢性胰腺炎高发年龄是50—60岁,胆源性胰腺炎、肝门部胆管癌、肝外胆管癌、胰头癌、壶腹周围癌、乳头癌的高发年龄是70—80岁。2011年至2013年中,98．74％患者行全凭静脉麻醉ERCP。结论ERCP已经成为胆胰疾病诊治的重要手段,适合于肝外胆管结石、化脓性胆管炎、恶性胆管梗阻等疾病,尤其是高龄患者的诊治。全凭静脉麻醉ERCP是安全、有效的。     

Endoscopic sphincterotomy for acute relapsing pancreatitis associated with periampullary diverticula: a long-term follow-up

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS: Periampullary diverticula (PAD) are extraluminal outpouchings of the duodenum arising within a radius of 2-3 cm from the ampulla of Vater. Data concerning the association of PAD with biliopancreatic disease are inconsistent, but an association between acute pancreatitis and PAD has been reported. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the outcome of endoscopic sphincterotomy (ES) in a Greek cohort of patients with acute relapsing pancreatitis associated with PAD. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 344 patients who had undergone ERCP between 1994 and 2005 for investigation of acute pancreatitis were retrospectively entered into a database. Of these patients, 11 (3.19% ; median age: 69 years; range: 58-78; 3 men, 8 women) were found to have acute relapsing pancreatitis associated with PAD. All patients underwent ES and were followed for new episodes of acute pancreatitis or other complications. RESULTS: No further episodes of acute pancreatitis occurred after ES, during a long-term follow-up (median: 4.3 years, range: 1.9-10.4). Two patients (18.2%) presented post-procedure mild pancreatitis and one patient (9.1%) post-ES stenosis with two small common bile duct stones and was treated with ES and extraction of stones. CONCLUSION: ES is the treatment of choice for patients with acute relapsing pancreatitis associated with PAD.     

A simple way of avoiding post-ERCP pancreatitis

BACKGROUND: Pancreatitis occurs in up to 30% of patients who undergo ERCP. This study tested the hypothesis that post-ERCP pancreatitis can be avoided by initially accessing the bile duct with a soft-tipped Teflon tracer 0.035-inch guidewire. METHODS: A single endoscopist performed ERCP in 400 consecutive patients with pancreatobiliary disease who were randomized to two groups. In Group A (200 patients), the bile duct was first accessed by insertion of a soft-tipped Teflon tracer (diameter 0.035 inch) guidewire through a 6F, double channel sphincterotome, followed by cannulation, injection of contrast, and sphincterotomy. In Group B (200 patients), the bile duct was opacified by using traditional methods of cannulation. RESULTS: No case of acute pancreatitis was detected in Group A, whereas, 8 cases were observed in Group B (6 mild, one moderate, one severe) (p < 0.01). In 9 patients in Group A vs. 39 in Group B (p < 0.001), the serum amylase rose to more than 5 times the upper normal limit during the 24 hours after the procedure. There was no procedure-related mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Accessing the bile duct with a soft-tipped tracer guidewire prevents post-ERCP pancreatitis.