视障用户的多模态交互包装设计研究

视障群体的剧增已成为不容忽视的问题,需要人们去关注和切实解决弱势群体的需求。文章采用深度访谈和质性化分析挖掘视障用户特征及其使用包装时存在的弊端,提出运用感官代偿进行多模态交互包装的设计方法,有效解决视障人群痛点需求和优化代偿方式。聚焦于视障用户洗护产品包装,就具体问题进行设计思路展开,以视觉、语音、触感、嗅觉等感官相互交叉、互补的多模态交互包装感官代偿设计,能有效、快捷地从视觉维度转换为触、听、嗅等多感官代偿的交互渠道,强化视障用户与产品之间的知觉、行为、情感体验,为视障用户创造更便捷的生活方式。     

可变摩擦力触感移动终端的汉语盲文编码设计

在智能触屏移动终端上表达盲文是一件具有深刻现实意义但又充满挑战的工作。为了让视障人士能够通过摸读智能触屏移动终端上的盲文来获取信息,提出了3种基于可变摩擦力触感的移动终端通用汉语盲文编码方法,分别为通用盲文编码方法、声调嵌入编码方法及4行2列编码方法。基于压电传感器的超声震荡波可在物体表面产生可变摩擦力触感的原理,在智能移动终端上实现汉语盲文触感编码。通过对12名盲人用户进行2次系统实验,从摸读效率、摸读准确率和用户满意度方面对编码方法进行可用性评估。首先,对3种编码方法进行可用性评估(实验1),然后基于实验1的结果,挑选4行2列编码方法与基于向右滑动摸读方式的振动马达触觉反馈编码方法进行可用性对比(实验2)。实验1结果显示,3种编码方法的平均摸读效率分别为8.82,4.91,4.12 s/汉字,平均摸读准确率分别为98.6%,96.8%,98.6%,4行2列编码方法在用户满意度方面的综合得分最高。实验2结果表明,与基于向右滑动摸读方式的振动马达触觉反馈编码方法相比,4行2列编码方法的摸读效率、摸读准确率及用户满意度更高。综上所述,采用4行2列编码方法能够在移动终端上实现对通用汉语盲文的编码和摸读,可为视障人士在智能移动终端上摸读汉语盲文提供新思路。     

面向视障家庭用户多样性的饮水机设计研究

目的 针对视障家庭用户在饮水方面具有多样性和差异性需求的情况,分析现有饮水机设计研究的不足。基于包容性设计理念,进行家庭用户操作能力水平多样性分析,以及饮水机偏好多样性分析,以此指导饮水机产品的开发设计。方法 运用观察访谈法对视障家庭饮水需求进行挖掘与整理,通过问卷调研法了解用户的偏好。其次,对视障家庭中视障者、老年人、中青年三类用户进行现有饮水机的可用性测试,结合用户饮水需求和产品偏好提出三个设计策略:多模式简化使用步骤、水质检测提升饮水品质、多通道反馈适配操作能力,基于此对饮水机进行再设计。结论 在符合视障家庭用户多样能力的前提下,通过设计实践满足用户的多样需求,提升了视障家庭饮水机的使用体验,为改善视障家庭饮水问题提供了切实可行的方法参考,对相关产品设计具有一定参考价值。     

导盲杖研究现状及分析

据国内外报告数据,目前视障人士人数逐年增加。视障人士在日常社会生活中有着极大的不便。为了提高视障人士的生活质量,需要提供安全、可靠、便捷的辅助出行设备。导盲杖可以改善视障人士的出行便利性。不搭载传感器的或搭载单一传感器的导盲杖存在功能单一或探测精度低等问题,不能有效地实现辅助出行。本文对当前国内外导盲设备——主要是导盲杖进行调研,从搭载传感器、环境识别算法、路径规划、组合导航及导盲效果等方面进行了分析;最后,对智能导盲杖的发展趋势做了预测。     

基于视触觉功能替代的穿戴式触觉导盲技术研究

针对视障人群的自主行走课题进行了研究,研制了基于视触觉功能替代的穿戴式触觉导盲装置。该装置通过导盲眼镜上的迷你光学摄像头采集周围环境的视觉图像信息,视觉图像经二值化处理后转换为触觉图像。借助触觉显示器,视障操作者能够在其胸前的虚拟显示平面上以主动触觉方式感知该图像,从而实现对周围环境信息的触觉感知。原理性实验表明该装置能够有效帮助视障者感知路况和识别环境目标,实现自主行走。     

智能导盲设备的研究现状

随着社会老龄化程度的加深和人口的不断增长,完全失明的人数平均每年增加约45万,为视障人士提供智能、可靠、安全和高效的辅助出行手段和设备,是社会文明进步的重要标志.本文对传统导盲手段和常用的智能导盲设备进行了调研,从感知环境使用的传感器,检测障碍物的能力,采用的避障、导航算法以及人机交互的方式等方面,对导盲杖、穿戴式导盲...     

基于TRIZ和QFD理论的视障儿童玩具创新设计

目的 设计一款适合视障儿童的创新型玩具。方法 利用QFD理论建立视障儿童用玩具的质量屋,将顾客需求转化为产品技术特性,找到两对技术矛盾：外形与凹凸块契合度的矛盾,即外形越大,契合度越难;外壳材质与声音的矛盾,即在杨氏模量一定的情况下,外壳的密度越小,声速越大、响度越大。利用TRIZ理论的39个通用工程参数和40个发明原理解决上述两对技术矛盾。结论 提出了一种可行性方案,主要包括外形、内部构造与玩法3部分的设计,与目前市场上现有的视障儿童玩具相比该创新型玩具同时达到了锻炼视障儿童的记忆力、感知能力、认知能力和动手操作能力的效果。     

关怀视障儿童的互动玩具之设计方向探讨

本文通过对视障儿童的病理特征和玩具使用需求的特殊性分析,基于现有视障儿童玩具存在的问题,从情感化设计和用户体验的角度出发,结合多元化的产品交互理念为其设计更具有亲和力、互动性、益智性、提升合作协调能力的玩具,使其在游戏过程中充分得到娱乐体验的满足,进而从人性关怀的层面进一步引导视障儿童能够尽可能无差别的融入社会生活,同时也为行业中视障儿童玩具设计提供可行性的参考方向和理念借鉴。     

基于触觉感知的视障儿童玩具开发设计研究

目的探索既能让视障儿童充满乐趣,又能培养他们健康人格和提高生活信心的玩具,使之充分得到儿童的权利和社会的关爱。方法根据视障儿童的感知特征和情感特性,立足于触觉在感知外部世界发挥的作用,强化玩具的触觉体验,以触感为主导,以玩具的感知性、情感性、教育性为主线展开设计。通过采用简单的形体、凹凸处理及纹理设计、模块化的游戏方式、阶段性的认知来实现玩具的易玩性和益玩性,保障视障儿童与玩具之间自然顺畅的沟通。结论基于触觉感知的视障儿童玩具设计是一种有效的设计思路,为后续的视障儿童用品设计研究提供参考。     

视障患者自主就医体验优化设计

目的 从患者视角探索视障群体自主就医的途径,通过对就医全流程的用户体验分析获取关键设计因素,从而有针对性地提出视障患者自主就医体验优化策略,提升就医体验。方法 首先,在现有患者就医体验指标的基础上,结合视障患者特性对体验指标体系进行优化,更新观测指标。基于观测方法的不同将指标重组,根据重组后的指标建立观察框架与访谈大纲以采集用户数据。其次,将数据进行用户体验度量,计算门诊就医各情境下的体验水平并排序,根据计算结果将情境分类,对不同情境下的用户行为进行针对性分析,以提取服务痛点并转化为设计因素。最后,综合各情境设计因素,运用模糊kano验证其有效性,并进行优先层级排序。结果 根据策略,输出视障患者自主就医体验优化设计,包含就医引导车与线上就医关怀模块。结论 从流程的高效性与用户满意度两方面进行优化前后对比,优化后的体验均高于优化前,验证了该方法的科学性与合理性,为其他相似项目提供借鉴。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.