ZrO2纳米颗粒对PEO涂层微观结构及热物理性能的影响

目的 提高PEO涂层的热物理性能.方法 以活塞主流材料——高硅铝合金(ZL109)为基体,在硅酸盐系电解液中,添加不同浓度的ZrO2纳米颗粒,制备一系列ZrO2/Al2O3复合PEO涂层,并通过涡流测厚仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)及X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析ZrO2纳米颗粒对涂层生长、微观形貌、元素组...     

纳米TiO_2含量对等离子喷涂Al_2O_3/TiO_2涂层耐磨性的影响

采用大气等离子喷涂设备在H13热作模具钢表面制备了不同纳米TiO_2含量的Al_2O_3/TiO_2陶瓷复合涂层,并应用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机等研究了陶瓷复合涂层的微观形貌、物相组成、显微硬度及摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,不同纳米TiO_2含量的Al_2O_3/TiO_2陶瓷涂层均为层片结构,存在一定的孔隙和裂纹,纳米TiO_2添加可以改善涂层表面质量。XRD图谱显示陶瓷涂层主要由α-Al_2O_3、γ-Al_2O_3和Rutile-TiO_2相组成,Al_2O_3再结晶过程中部分α-Al_2O_3转变为γ-Al_2O_3,且再结晶过程发生晶粒细化。涂层显微硬度平均值为1153 HV0.2。纳米TiO_2添加可以降低涂层摩擦因数,但其含量对涂层耐磨性影响不明显。     

ZrO_2纳米颗粒对Al-12.5%Si合金PEO陶瓷层微观形貌及热防护性能的影响

采用外加ZrO_2纳米颗粒的电解液体系在Al-12.5%Si合金表面制备ZrO_2-Al_2O_3-SiO_2三相PEO陶瓷层。利用SEM和XRD对陶瓷层微观结构和物相进行分析,并对其隔热及热冲击性能进行测试。结果表明:ZrO_2纳米颗粒显著提高了膜层的致密度和结合性,并有效减弱了Si元素对PEO成膜的抑制作用,提高了成膜速率;三相PEO陶瓷层的主要物相为SiO_2及高温稳定相α-Al_2O_3和c-ZrO_2,其独特的微结构和成分致使ZrO_2纳米颗粒改性的陶瓷层具有良好的热防护性能和热冲击性能。     

Gd2 O3 -Yb2 O3 -Y2 O3 -ZrO2 热障涂层材料的热物理性能

目的通过多元稀土氧化物掺杂改性YSZ,提高传统热障涂层的性能。方法使用化学共沉淀法制备不同掺杂量的Gd2O3-Yb2O3-Y2O3-Zr O2(GYYZO)材料,并分别使用冷等静压-烧结和等离子喷涂工艺制备块材和涂层。通过测试块材的热导率和热膨胀系数,分析评价材料的热物理性能。对高温退火处理后的涂层进行X射线衍射分析,评价不同成分涂层的高温相稳定性。结果氧化锆基材料的热导率和热膨胀系数随总掺杂量升高而降低。氧化锆中稀土氧化物总掺杂量为5.5%~9.84%(摩尔分数)时,在1000℃下的热导率为1.25~1.56 W/(m·K),相对8YSZ材料下降了22%~37.5%;在200~1300℃的热膨胀系数为(10~11.1)×10-6/K,与传统8YSZ材料相当。在1400℃长时间退火处理后,低掺杂量GYYZO涂层中的单斜相含量明显低于8YSZ涂层。结论多元稀土氧化物掺杂改性氧化锆材料具有良好的高温相稳定性、低热导率和适当的热膨胀系数,可以作为高性能热障涂层的备选材料。     

热化学反应法制备Al2O3-13％TiO2陶瓷涂层及其性能研究

目的研究Al_2O_3-13%TiO_2陶瓷涂层对金属基体的热防护性能。方法以钠、钾混合硅酸盐溶液为粘结剂,添加Al_2O_3、TiO_2、MgO、SiO_2等陶瓷骨料,采用热化学反应法在304不锈钢基体表面制备了Al_2O_3-13%TiO_2陶瓷涂层(记为AT13)。使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对涂层的微观形貌、物相变化进行表征。在AT13涂层的基础上,预先喷涂金属Ni/Al过渡层,制备了AT13梯度涂层(记为AT13grade),综合比较分析了两种涂层在不同温度下固化后的结合强度,描述了涂层的高温氧化动力学曲线,对涂层的热震性能及失效机理进行了分析。结果涂层在800℃烧结固化后,致密性较好,涂层与金属基体之间呈现冶金结合,TiO_2发生了从锐钛相到金红石相的转变,α-Al_2O_3和金红石型TiO_2是陶瓷涂层耐高温的主体晶相结构。经1200℃高温氧化后,梯度涂层和非梯度涂层的增重与空白试样相比分别减少了0.223 mg/cm2和0.155 mg/cm2。800℃热震试验时,梯度涂层和非梯度涂层的热震循环次数分别为17次和6次。结论在涂层与基体之间制备金属Ni/Al过渡层能增强涂层的结合强度,提高其抗氧化性能,缓解陶瓷材料与金属基体之间的热膨胀系数差异,提高涂层的抗热震性能。梯度结构的陶瓷涂层具有更好的热防护性能。     

贫铀表面阴极微弧电沉积氧化铝涂层的研究

以1.0 mol/L Al(NO_3)_3·9H_2O的乙醇溶液为电解液,用阴极微弧电沉积的方法在贫铀表面制备出厚度约为65μm的氧化铝陶瓷涂层。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了涂层的表面和截面形貌,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)及X射线能量色散谱(EDS)分析了涂层的成分以及相组成,通过电化学综合测试系统分析了涂层的电化学腐蚀性能。结果表明:涂层表面粗糙多孔,与基体呈犬牙咬合状结合;涂层主要由α-Al_2O_3和γ-Al_2O_3组成;涂层中含有少量的U元素,表明膜/基界面附近的贫铀基体在微弧放电的作用下也参与了成膜;沉积氧化铝涂层后,样品的腐蚀电流密度降低了2个数量级,耐腐蚀性能得到大幅度提高。     

热化学反应法制备Al_2O_3基陶瓷涂层及耐磨性能研究

采用热化学反应法在Q235钢表面制备A_2O_3基陶瓷涂层,对涂层的形貌、涂层与基体的结合力、涂层的耐磨性进行了研究.结果表明,陶瓷涂层在600℃固化时有新相产生,增强了涂层与基体的结合强度;陶瓷涂层比较均匀且致密,涂层与基体之间已无明显界限;A_2O_3基陶瓷涂层提高了Q235钢的耐磨性.     

Super304H钢表面铝扩散涂层的组织结构和抗蒸汽氧化性能

目的以Super304H钢为基体制备铝扩散涂层,提高其抗蒸汽氧化性能。方法通过料浆渗铝的方法在Super304H表面制备铝扩散涂层,采用不连续称重法对渗铝Super304H在650℃纯水蒸气中的氧化动力学进行研究,并使用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜对铝扩散涂层以及氧化膜的物相组成和微观组织结构进行表征和分析。结果渗铝过程中,料浆层中的Al向Super304H基体内扩散,而基体中的Fe向外扩散,形成接近化学平衡配比的FeAl外层和贫Al的FeAl中间层。Al不断通过FeAl层向奥氏体(γ)基体中扩散,使得基体中Al的浓度升高,当Al的浓度增加至临界值时,导致局部区域析出NiAl,后者的形核和长大进一步加剧其周围基体中Ni的贫化。随着γ基体中Ni元素含量的持续降低及Al含量持续升高,γ基体将变得不稳定,并逐步转变为铁素体(α-Fe),最终形成由α-Fe和弥散分布其中的NiAl相组成的互扩散层。在FeAl中Cr元素和水蒸气分子的共同作用下,铝扩散涂层在650℃纯水蒸气中形成连续致密且与基体结合紧密的α-Al_2O_3膜,显著地降低了Super304H的氧化速率。结论采用料浆渗铝法,可在Super304H钢表面制备出三层结构的铝扩散涂层,由外到内依次为FeAl外层、贫Al的FeAl中间层、由α-Fe和弥散分布其中的NiAl组成的互扩散层。这种结构的铝扩散涂层在650℃纯水蒸气中可形成α-Al_2O_3膜,降低Super304H的氧化速率,提高其抗蒸汽氧化性能。     

304不锈钢基体表面高温陶瓷涂层的制备及性能研究

采用热化学反应喷涂法在304不锈钢基体表面制备了Al_2O_3非梯度陶瓷涂层(记为1~#涂层)和Ni Cr Al Y/Al_2O_3梯度陶瓷涂层(记为2~#涂层),使用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对该涂层的微观形貌、物相变化进行表征;描述了涂层的高温氧化动力学曲线,对涂层的热震性能进行分析。结果表明,喷涂Al_2O_3陶瓷料浆能有效填补Ni Cr Al Y喷涂层产生的裂纹,涂层与金属基体之间呈冶金结合,α-Al_2O_3和金红石型Ti O_2是陶瓷涂层耐高温的主体晶相结构。2~#涂层表现出最佳的抗高温氧化性能和抗热震性能。     

稀土氧化物陶瓷材料在热障涂层上的应用现状

航空发动机技术的发展,要求热障涂层用陶瓷材料应具有更低的热导率和更高的相稳定性能.由于稀土氧化物陶瓷材料在热障涂层上的广泛应用,综述了稀土氧化物涂层、镧铝氧化物及稀土氧化物(一元、二元、多元)稳定ZrO2等热障涂层材料的研究现状.结果指出进一步的研究应集中于3个方面:1) 采用合适的方法提高稀土氧化物的高温相稳定性;2)改进镧铝氧化物的热物理性能;3)采用合适的氧化物对ZrO2基热障涂层材料进行掺杂,以进一步改善其热物理性能等.     

X-ray diffraction study of Ba0.985Na0.015Ti0.985Nb0.015O3, Ba0.6Na0.4Ti0.6Nb0.4O3 and Ba0.3Na0.7Ti0.3Nb0.7O3 compositions

The Ba_0.985Na_0.015Ti_0.985Nb_0.015O₃, Ba_0.6Na_0.4Ti_0.6Nb_0.4O₃ and Ba_0.3Na_0.7Ti_0.3Nb_0.7O₃ compositions of the (1 − x) BaTiO₃–xNaNbO₃ (BTNNx) system have been studied by X-ray diffraction and by measurements of dielectric properties. The specimens with composition BTNN (x = 0.015, 0.40 and 0.70) have been refined by the JANA program from X-ray powder diffraction data. Ceramic samples with composition (1 − x) BaTiO₃ + xNaNbO₃ (where x = 0.015, 0.40 and 0.70) were prepared by calcinations from appropriate mixture of BaCO₃, TiO₂, Na₂CO₃ and Nb₂O₅. The calcined powder was sintered at temperature range 1200–1400 °C. As the composition x increased from 0.015 (and 0.70), the ferroelectric ceramics (x = 0.015, FE) with tetragonal phase changed to the ferroelectric relaxors (RFE, x = 0.40). RFE ceramics showed a peculiar diffuse phase transition and dielectric relaxation at the low temperature (down to 180 K) due to a frustration between RFE and FE state. These ceramics present the classical ferroelectric character when 0 ≤ x < 0.075 and 0.55 < x ≤ 1 and relaxor character when 0.075 ≤ x ≤ 0.55.     

Magnetic, electrical and plastic properties of Fe76Nb2Si13B9, Fe75Ag1Nb2Si13B9 and Fe75Cu1Nb2Si13B9 amorphous alloys

Influence of 1 h annealing in vacuum on magnetic, electrical and plastic properties of Fe₇₆Nb₂Si₁₃B₉, Fe₇₅Ag₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ and Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ melt spun ribbons were carefully investigated. It was shown that in all cases soft magnetic properties can be significantly enhanced by applying 1-h annealing at characteristic temperatures T_op. This optimization annealing causes that permeability increases more than 15-times and magnetic losses (tangent of loss angle) achieves a minimum in relation to the as quenched state. Using structural examinations (X-ray and HRTEM) it was shown that for the Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloy the optimized microstructure corresponds to a nanocrystalline αFe(Si) phase whereas in other alloys to a relaxed amorphous phase free of iron nanograins. As a consequence of this fact the Fe₇₆Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ and Fe₇₅Ag₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloys show higher plasticity in comparison to the nanocrystalline Fe₇₅Cu₁Nb₂Si₁₃B₉ alloy. Temperatures of the first stage of crystallization, and related diffusion parameters were determined using measurements of resistivity versus temperature with different heating rates.     

Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42-H2O体系的沉淀配合平衡热力学

针对草酸盐配位共沉淀热分解还原法制备超细铁镍合金粉过程中Fe2+-Ni2+-NH3-NH4+-C2O42--H2O体系的溶液平衡建立热力学分析模型,并根据模型进行相关计算,揭示反应体系中各物质随pH值、氨及草酸浓度的变化关系。结果表明:溶液中的Fe主要以[Fe(C2O4)n]2 2n络合物形式存在,而铁氨络合物含量很低。当氨含量较低时,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在;氨含量较高时,在酸性条件下,溶液中的Ni主要以[Ni(C2O4)n]2 2n存在,在碱性条件下,则主要以[Ni(NH3)n]2+存在。低pH值下,Ni的沉淀率较Fe的高,而高pH值下,Ni的沉淀率则较Fe的低。     

Al2O3-Sm2O3-CeO2电解质的性能（英文）

采用溶胶-凝胶法和低温燃烧技术制备Ce1-xSmxO2（x=0,0.1,0.2,0.3）和掺杂Sm和（2%-8%）Al2O3的二氧化铈;研究其合成、结构、致密化、导电性和热膨胀等性能,并利用XRD研究其结构和相组成。结果表明,于1300°C烧结球团,获得致密的陶瓷,于1250°C在Ce0.8Sm0.2O0.2中加入2%和4%的Al2O3以促进烧结。利用扫描电子显微镜观察烧结后球团的表面形貌,使用双探针交流阻抗谱研究总离子电导率。     

Synthesis and electrochemical properties of LiNi0.4Mn1.5Cr0.1O4 and Li4Ti5O12

Spinel compound LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O₄ (LNMCO) and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO) were synthesized by the sol-gel method and the solid-state method, respectively. The particle sizes of the products LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O₄ and Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ were 0.5 to 2 um and 0.5 to 0.8 um, respectively. All samples exhibited excellent electrochemical properties. A LiNi_0.4Mn_1.5Cr_0.1O₄/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LNMCO/LTO) cell was fabricated and was demonstrated to exhibit good electrochemical properties at the high current rate of 1 C. When the specific capacity was determined based on the mass of the LNMCO cathode, the LNMCO/LTO cell delivered 125 mAh g⁻¹ at 1 C and 77 mAh g⁻¹ at 5 C. The capacity retentions after 30 cycles were 94.4 % and 83.1 %, respectively.     

Sinterability and dielectric properties of Ba0.55Sr0.4Ca0.05TiO3-CaTiSiO5-Mg2TiO4 composite ceramics

The composite ceramics of Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-CaTiSiO₅-Mg₂TiO₄ (BSCT-CTS-MT) were prepared by the conventional solid-state route. The sintering performance, phase structures, morphologies, and dielectric properties of the composite ceramics were investigated. The BSCT-CTS-MT ceramics were sintered at 1100 °C and possessed dense microstructure. The dielectric constant was tailored from 1196 to 141 as the amount of Mg₂TiO₄ increased from 0 to 50 wt%. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of 40 wt% Ba_0.55Sr_0.4Ca_0.05TiO₃-10 wt% CaTiSiO₅-50 wt% Mg₂TiO₄ was 141 and 0.0020, respectively, and the tunability was 8.64% under a DC electric field of 8.0 kV/cm. The Curie peaks were broadened and depressed after the addition of CaTiSiO₅. The optimistic dielectric properties made it a promising candidate for the application of tunable capacitors and phase shifters.     

Thermodynamics and phase diagrams in the binary systems Na2O-SiO2, Na2O-GeO2, Na2O-B2O3, Li2O-B2O3, CaO-B2O3, SrO-B2O3, and BaO-B2O3

We applied our model to the enthalpy of mixing data of the binary systems Na₂O-SiO₂, Na₂O-GeO₂, Na₂O-B₂O₃, Li₂O-B₂O₃, CaO-B₂O₃, SrO-B₂O₃, and BaO-B₂O₃. The most stable composition in the liquid, that is where the enthalpy of mixing is most negative, is with a metal-oxygen ratio of 4 to 3, for monovalent metals (Na and Li) and 3 to 4 for divalent metals (Ba and Ca) in liquid silicates or borates. The same applies to the CaO-SiO₂, CaO-Al₂O₃, PbO-B₂O₃, PbO-SiO₂, ZnO-B₂O₃, and ZnO-SiO₂ systems. The oxygen to metal ratio, its constant value in various types of systems, reflects and describes the structure of the liquid. Using the analyzed enthalpies of mixing data and the available phase diagrams, we calculated the enthalpies of formation of the various binary compounds. The results are in excellent agreement with data in the literature that were obtained from direct solid-solid calorimetry.     

Phase transition and piezoelectric properties of K0.48Na0.52NbO3-LiTa0.5Nb0.5O3-NaNbO3 lead-free ceramics

Plate-like NaNbO₃ (NN) particles were used as the raw material to fabricate (1 − x)[0.93 K_0.48Na_0.52Nb O₃-0.07Li(Ta_0.5Nb_0.5)O₃]-xNaNbO₃ lead-free piezoelectric ceramics using a conventional ceramic process. The effects of NN on the crystal structure and piezoelectric properties of the ceramics were investigated. The results of X-ray diffraction suggest that the perovskite phase coexists with the K₃Li₂Nb₅O₁₅ phase, and the tilting of the oxygen octahedron is probably responsible for the evolution of the tungsten-bronze-typed K₃Li₂Nb₅O₁₅ phase. The Curie temperature (T_C) is shifted to lower temperature with increasing NN content. (1 − x)[0.93 K_0.48Na_0.52NbO₃-0.07Li(Ta_0.5Nb_0.5)O₃]-xNaNbO₃ ceramics show obvious dielectric relaxor characteristics for x > 0.03, and the relaxor behavior of ceramics is strengthened by increasing NN content. Both the electromechanical coupling factor (k_p) and the piezoelectric constant (d₃₃) decrease with increasing amounts of NN. 0.01-0.03 mol of plate-like NaNbO₃ in 0.93 K_0.48Na_0.52NbO₃-0.07Li(Ta_0.5Nb_0.5)O₃ gives the optimum content for preparing textured ceramics by the RTGG method.