多层螺旋CT在颈静脉球高位诊断中的优势

目的 分析颈静脉球高位在多层螺旋CT(MSCT)的影像特点,探讨多层螺旋CT在颈静脉球高位诊断中的价值优势.方法 回顾性分析临床患者20例颈静脉球高位的薄层CT影像.男8例、女12例.结果 发现单侧静脉球高位者多,双侧颈静脉球高位少.单侧16例,双侧4例.在多层螺旋CT山,病变显示更清楚,解剖位置更明确.其中颅底CT增强后,颈静脉高位显示更良好,更精确.MSCT上,通过不同角度,不同方法,能够清楚地显示颈静脉球高位的解剖部位,给临床带来了极大的方便.结论 MSCT通过不同的方法、直观、详细地显示颈部静脉球高位的解剖部位与周围的关系.以方便耳部手术;中、后颅窝手术等应用.     

704例中耳炎患者颞骨薄层CT解剖变异分析

目的:分析中耳炎患者的颞骨薄层CT情况,总结颞骨解剖变异的规律,为新疆耳外科的发展提供参考依据。方法:回顾性分析704例慢性化脓性中耳炎患者和203例中耳正常者的颞骨薄层横断面、冠状面高分辨率CT(High Resolution CT,HRCT),运用卡方检验对各解剖变异(气化程度、乙状窦前置、颈静脉球高位、脑板低位)分别进行比较,包括中耳炎组与对照组间、中耳炎组中的性别间、左右耳间以及不同气化程度间的比较。结果:中耳炎组与对照组间颞骨气化程度、乙状窦前置、脑板低位比较差异具有显著性(P<0.05);中耳炎组中不同性别间比较颈静脉球高位、脑板低位差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);中耳炎组中不同耳别间乙状窦前置、颈静脉球高位差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同气化程度间乙状窦前置、颈静脉球高位、脑板低位差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:中耳炎患者的颞骨气化程度、乙状窦、颈静脉球和脑板低位的变化有其特点,观察其规律有助于耳外科的影像诊断、手术入路设计、术中重要结构的定位和保护。     

以蓝鼓膜为特征的中耳病变临床诊治分析

【目的】探讨以蓝鼓膜为主要体征的常见几种中耳疾病的临床诊治要点。【方法】回顾性分析从2006年1月到2010年2月诊治的以蓝鼓膜为主要临床体征的21例患者的临床特征和诊治经过。【结果】21例(22耳)蓝鼓膜病例中,诊断为中耳胆固醇肉芽肿8例,外伤性血鼓室3例,鼓室型颈静脉球瘤1例,颈静脉球体瘤2例,高位颈静脉球4例,慢性分泌性中耳炎2例,鼓室毛细血管瘤1例。除外4例颈静脉球高位病例,其余17例（18耳）均手术治疗,16例（16耳）术中彻底清除了病变组织,术后随访1～3年未见复发。【结论】以蓝鼓膜为临床特殊体征的患者中,以中耳胆固醇肉芽肿最常见,其次为外伤性血鼓室、颈静脉球瘤、高位颈静脉球、慢性分泌性中耳炎、特发性血鼓室、鼓室毛细血管瘤等。鉴别诊断需要综合病史、听力学结果及影像学检查（包括颞骨薄层螺旋CT及MR）。确诊则需要手术探查+组织病理学结果。     

颈静脉球瘤的CT与MRI诊断

目的 :探讨颈静脉球瘤的临床及影像学特征 ,为临床诊断提供科学依据。方法 :应用CT、MRI等影像学检查技术对术后 10例颈静脉球瘤患者术前行扫描观察分析。结果 :颈静脉球瘤分鼓室型和颈静脉孔型二类 ,前者主要表现为鼓室外耳道内的软组织肿块 ,临床以耳部症状为主 ,后者主要表现为颈静脉孔扩大 ,边缘骨质增生硬化 ,颅底骨质不规则破坏 ,其内有软组织密度肿物 ,临床出现颅神经症状。CT、MRI增强扫描显示二类颈静脉球瘤的软组织肿块均明显强化。MRA显示颈血管受压移位。结论 :CT与MRI扫描优势互补 ,是诊断颈静脉球瘤的首选方法。     

颈静脉球瘤25例CT及MRI检查分析

目的:探讨颈静脉球瘤的CT及MRI影像学表现,及此瘤影像学检查的临床价值。方法:25例经手术病理证实的颈静脉球瘤,结合文献对其CT及MRI表现进行分析。结果:25例均为单侧发病,其中左侧15例,右侧10例。病变以颈静脉孔为中心生长并向周围结构不同程度蔓延。CT及MRI表现各具特征性,CT显示颈静脉孔区及其周围软组织肿块,颈静脉球窝较对侧明显扩大,高分辨CT更能显示骨质破坏程度;MRI均显示颈静脉孔区及鼓室内不规则的软组织信号灶,并能见到典型的"盐和胡椒"征象,能为此瘤术前诊断提供可靠依据。结论:颈静脉球瘤的CT、高分辨薄层CT及MR检查有明显的优势,CT检查尤其是高分辨CT可准确显示骨质破坏范围、程度;MRI能更清楚显示病变范围、病灶信号及强化方式,两者优势互补,应作为术前常规和必需的检查项目。     

颈静脉球瘤的CT与MRI诊断

目的：探讨颈静脉球瘤的临床及影像学特征，为临床诊断提供科学依据。方法：应用CT、MRI等影像学检查技术对术后10例颈静脉球瘤患者手术前行扫描观察分析。结果：颈静脉球瘤分鼓室型和颈静脉孔型二类，前者主要表现为鼓室外耳道内的软组织肿块，临床以耳部症状为主，后者主要表现为颈静脉孔扩大，边缘骨质增生硬化，颅底骨质不规则破坏，其内有软组织密度肿物，临床出现颅神经症状。CT、MRI增强扫描显示二类颈静脉球瘤的软组织肿块均明显强化。MRA显示颈血管受压移位。结论：CT与MRI扫描优势互补，是诊断颈静脉球瘤的首选方法。     

64排螺旋CT对听神经瘤内听道及周围结构的研究

目的应用64排螺旋CT对听神经瘤内听道及周围结构进行研究,为临床提供重要信息,为决定手术方式提供依据。方法 30例听神经瘤患者术前行颅底CT薄层扫描观察其患侧内听道形态、内听道周围乳突气房及颈静脉球等情况。结果听神经瘤患侧内听道表现为三种形态:喇叭口状22例(73.3.0%),壶腹状6例(20.0%),不规则形2例(6.7%)。其中1例不规则形及3例喇叭口状因内听道口较大未行磨开内听道后壁,通过直接牵拉切除内听道肿瘤。19例喇叭口状、6例壶腹状及1例不规则形行磨开内听道后壁切除内听道肿瘤。其中3例术前CT提示合并有颈静脉球高位,术中在磨除内听道后壁时尽量靠近内听道上嵴,且磨除长度较少,以防止颈静脉球破裂出血。另有2例术前CT显示乳突气化良好,乳突气房临近内听道后壁,术中在磨除内听道后壁时乳突气房被磨开,并立即进行封闭,术后出现轻微脑脊液漏。结论听神经瘤应常规行颅底CT薄层扫描进行术前评估,有助于临床决定是否磨开内听道后壁及磨除范围,提高手术全切除可能,降低对患者的创伤。     

经颈静脉及锁骨下静脉输液港植入术并发症的比较分析

目的探讨经颈静脉、锁骨下静脉输液港植入术并发症的发生率及处理措施。方法选取2016年1月至2018年1月于本科行颈静脉、锁骨下静脉输液港植入术患者156例作为研究对象,分为A组(n=80)与B组(n=76)。A组行颈静脉穿刺途径,B组经锁骨下静脉途径,比较两组并发症发生率、1年导管通畅率。结果A组患者成功实施经颈静脉输液港植入79例,技术成功率98.75%,发生港体相关性并发症5例,发生率6.25%;发生导管相关性并发症6例,发生率7.50%,无导管夹闭综合征发生;发生感染相关性并发症8例,发生率10.00%,随访1年导管通畅率为92.50%。B组患者成功实施经锁骨下静脉输液港植入术73例,技术成功率96.05%,发生港体相关性并发症6例,发生率7.89%;发生导管相关性并发症15例,发生率19.74%,其中发生导管夹闭5例,发生率6.58%;发生感染相关性并发症5例,发生率6.58%,1年通畅率为81.57%。B组导管夹闭综合征发生率高于A组(P<0.05),1年导管通畅率低于A组(P<0.05),两组技术成功率及港体、导管、感染性并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义。结论经颈静脉输液港植入术无导管夹闭综合征发生,1年导管通畅率高于经锁骨下静脉路径,可作为输液港植入术患者的首选途径。     

颈静脉孔区原发肿瘤CT和MRI诊断对比分析

目的对比分析CT和MRI对于颈静脉孔区原发肿瘤病变的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析20例经手术病例证实为颈静脉孔区肿瘤病变的CT和MRI表现。结果 20例患者中脑膜瘤3例,颈静脉球瘤8例,神经鞘瘤8例,高分化软骨肉瘤1例。CT和MRI均清晰显示颈静脉孔增大,其中CT显示骨质吸收破坏11例、骨质浸蚀破坏9例,而MRI误判4例骨质浸蚀破坏为吸收破坏。MRI及CT显示神经鞘瘤纵向分布体征分别为8例、4例,显示神经鞘瘤囊变分别为5例、2例;MRI显示颈静脉球瘤"椒盐"征6例,而CT仅显示瘤内迂曲增粗血管2例;MRI显示脑膜瘤"脑膜尾"征3例,而CT显示不清;CT清晰显示软骨肉瘤钙化特征。结论 CT及MRI对于颈静脉孔区原发肿瘤具有重要诊断价值,MRI对于瘤体整体分布、细节观察优势明显,而CT更易显示病灶周围骨质改变及病灶内钙化情况。     

老年性肺结核CT、MRI诊断价值分析

目的对老年性肺结核CT、MRI诊断价值进行分析。方法收集确诊为老年肺结核患者66例,分别进行CT、MRI检查,采用单盲法对其影像表现进行分类及综合分析,将影像表现分为空洞、干酪样坏死、结节和肿块、钙化及结核球,并对两种检查方法诊断肺结核的准确率进行统计学分析。结果 CT与MRI对老年性肺结核均有较高的诊断准确率,分别为85.3%、61.2%,CT诊断准确率明显高于MRI,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);钙化显示方面CT明显优于MRI,47例存在钙化,MRI只能显示20例;对于空洞、干酪样坏死结节和肿块MRI及CT显示率差异无统计学意义,但对于结核球诊断,MRI优于CT,38例存在结核球,CT仅显示19例。结论对于老年性肺结核,应用CT、MRI检查都可以得到相对准确的诊断,CT在影像征象显示方面明显优于MRI,尤其在钙化方面,但MRI对于结核球的显示优于CT。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.     

Possible Spread of adenovirus type 3 from poultry to humans ：indirect evidence from an outbreak in China

Objective:To explore the epidemiology and etiology for an outbreak of acute respiratory tract infection that occurred in one county of Jiangsu Province, China 2004. Methods: Only cases meeting the case definition were included in the study. We reviewed the medical records of the cases who were admitted to the local hospitals, interviewed cases by a standard questionnaire, and then described the epidemiotogic features and analyzed risk factors by means of a case-control study. We collected pharyngeal swab specimens and sent them to different laboratories for isolation and culture. The laboratory used different detection methods such as DIP, PCR, electron microscope examination and microneutralization assay, to identify and then type the positive specimens. Results:A total of 871 cases were reported during the period from April 18 to July 4,2004. The distribution of onset times presented two peaks, one in late May and another in middle June. The epidemic occurred mainly in the elementary and junior high schools in ten townships of one county, and the mean age of the cases was 12 years (range 7 months to 18 years). The course of the disease was acute, and was characterized by fever accompanied with sore throat and tonsillitis. The WBC count of cases was normal or elevated. The mean duration of illness was 5 days (range 2 to 12 days). No fatalities from illness were reported. A case-control study indicated that the possible risk factors were close contact with a case and/or poultry before onset and sharing of towels among members of the family. The typical CPE was observed through inoculating pharyngeal swab specimens into the HEP-2 cell cultures in different laboratories. An infection of adenovirus type 3 was verified by detecting positive specimens in different methods. Conclusion:This investigation demonstrated that the acute respiratory infection in cases was caused by adenovirus type 3. Cases occurred in over 70 schools in ten townships in 2004, and the route of transmission was possibly close contact with cases or droplet transmission.