The Quarter-Wave Transformer Prototype Circuit

A quarter-wave transformer not only changes impedance levels, but will also behave as a band-pass filter. In practice, however, band-pass filters are usually required to terminate in equal input and output impedances. They often consist of several direct-coupled cavities, which are similar to transformers whose impedance steps have been replaced by reactive obstacles. It is demonstrated how one can synthesize a quarter-wave transformer, and then "distort" it to obtain a direct coupled cavity filter with a predictable performance. This is illustrated and confirmed by numerical examples. The method is particularly convenient to use in reverse. The quarter-wave transformer prototype is easily derived for a direct-coupled cavity filter which has already been designed by another approximate method, and thus gives an independent evaluation of its performance. If necessary, the filter can then be redesigned, as illustrated in this paper.     

A wideband stepped-impedance rectangular-ring resonator bandpass filter with multiple notched bands

A configuration of wideband bandpass filter (BPF) with multiple notched bands is presented. Proposed BPF is based on stepped-impedance resonator. By utilising dual stepped-impedance resonators in folded topology a rectangular-ring resonator is formed. Two notched bands in the passband are achieved without using asymmetrical coupled lines. In other words, the filter configuration is capable of producing notched bands. It should be noted that additional information on filter performance and design is presented. Measurement results are presented to approve propounded filter characteristics. The measured passband of the second proposed filter is from 3.68 to 10.2 GHz with insertion loss of –1.76 dB in the first passband at the centre frequency of 4.45 GHz. The measured notched band frequencies are about 5.45 and 7.95 GHz with rejection of –21.77 and –20.82 dB, respectively. The return loss in the passband is better than –11.4 dB.     

General Theory and Design of Optimum Quarter-Wave TEM Filters

The exact synthesis and design of a broad class of quarter-wave TEM mode filters is presented in a three-step procedure. The theory is applicable to all microwave filter forms consisting entirely of a cascade of quarter-wave lines, quarter-wave stubs, and coupled quarter-wave lines. The exact design of many conventional filter forms that heretofore could only be designed using approximate methods is possible using the techniques and functions described. General approximating functions that give the "best" transmission response in a Butterworth or Chebyshev sense are derived. The use of a maximum number of available singularities to augment the filter skirt response leads to a minimum element filter termed "optimum multiple." An optimum multipole design insures the "best" possible response for the minimum element and all corresponding redundant element networks. The designer has the freedom of introducing sufficient redundancy to obtain a design that is practical to construct, but which still realizes the optimum response. Judicious choice of network form often results in improved performance and reduced size in comparison with many conventional filter forms. Design procedures are presented that allow the practical realization of distributed filter networks in the form of quarter-wave lines. A design example and experimental results are given to confirm the theory.     

Method for improving ladder bulk acoustic wave filters rejection

This paper address design guidelines for improving the rejection of ladder bulk acoustic wave filters. An overview of the bulk acoustic wave filters technology enables to outcome the principal features of ladder filters. The lack of out-of-band rejection is currently an important weakness of this topology. The design technique presented enables to improve bulk acoustic wave ladder filters rejection by using their input/output bonding wires. Finally, the technique is used for design and fabrication of a bulk acoustic wave ladder filter for application in W-CDMA reception (2.11–2.17 GHz) front-ends. The filter measurement results show a significant improvement on the filter rejection at the transmission band (from ?19 to 34 dB) and on the return loss (from ?10 to ?16 dB) without considerable modification of filter insertion loss and selectivity.     

Low-loss low-ripple SAW filters using three bidirectional centrosymmetric transducers

Low-loss, low-ripple and high out-of-band rejection SAW filters have been constructed using a three transducer configuration with symmetric/antisymmetric end transducers. The filter on 128°-cut LiNbO3 has an insertion loss of 5.2 dB, a passband ripple of 0.3 dB (peak to peak) and an out-of-band rejection of 55 dB.     

低插损高频SAW滤波器的研究

采用单层膜、梯形结构基于128°YX-LiNbO3材料研究了Al电极厚度、叉指占空比、反射栅周期、拓扑结构对插损、带外抑制和矩形度的影响.为了降低带内波动和插入损耗,该文设计了一种叉指换能器(IDT)型反射栅结构,该结构对采取优化措施前后谐振器的带内最大尖峰损耗分别降低了8.84％和0.55％.最后采用此反射栅结构设计...     

基于LTCC的超宽带巴伦滤波器小型化设计

该文设计了一种基于低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)技术的小型化超宽带巴伦(Balun)滤波器。该巴伦滤波器由一个五阶带通滤波器和基于Marchand巴伦改进型巴伦级联组成,带通滤波器采用耦合谐振式的设计方法,设计成宽带高抑制巴伦滤波器,在二阶、三阶和四阶谐振之间创新采用电感级联的拓扑结构,使相对带宽在48%以上。巴伦输入与输出之间的耦合采用一种并联堆叠式耦合螺旋传输线,增强了传输线之间的耦合,并拓宽了巴伦的带宽。结果表明,该巴伦滤波器通带为1.71~2.76 GHz,插损均小于2.3 dB;在50~669 MHz,抑制大于35 dB;在669~1 245 MHz,抑制大于17 dB;在3 205~3 400 MHz,抑制大于27 dB;在3 400~6 000 MHz,抑制均大于30 dB。两个输出端口信号的相位差和幅度差分别为180°±15°(1 710~2 340 MHz)、180°±10°(2 500~2 760 MHz)和±1.0 dB,具有较高的通用性和良好的应用市场。     

一种紧缩结构的新型毫米波基片集成波导滤波器

提出了一种紧缩结构的新型毫米波基片集成波导(SIW)滤波器,在结构紧缩的同时性能得到了显著改善.在设计的一组SIW毫米波滤波器中,长度从传统滤波器的23.1mm压缩到新型滤波器的12mm.测试结果显示新型滤波器阻带衰减大于54dB,相对于性能相近的传统SIW滤波器改善12dB以上.具有超过50dB衰减的阻带宽度超过9GHz.上边带过渡特性更陡,同时仍保持了传统SIW滤波器所具有的陡峭下边带特性和低损耗特性.     

Analytical design of a microstrip UWB BPF with sharp rejection

This paper presents a new Ultra-WideBand (UWB) BandPass Filter (BPF) using half-wavelength (??/2) Stepped-Impedance Stub-Loaded Resonator (SISLR). Analytical equations derived by the even-odd mode analysis show the new filter has two tunable transmission zeros at both sides of the passband to provide a sharp rejection and seven transmission poles inside the passband to achieve U.S. UWB performance. For verification, a UWB BPF is designed, fabricated and measured. The measured results show that the fabricated filter has a -3 dB fractional bandwidth from 3.0 GHz to 10.9 GHz and its insertion loss less than 0.9 dB over the whole passband. Furthermore, the new filter exhibits a simple topology, sharp rejection, and deep stopband suppression.     

Microstrip ring resonator using quarter-wave couplers

A microstrip ring resonator that uses quarter-wave coupled lines for input and output coupling is presented. The ring exhibits a double resonance due to an asymmetry in the topology of the structure. When the asymmetry is removed a single resonant peak is observed. The insertion loss of the ring is 6 dB and its quality factor is 64     

Optimum Quarter-Wave Transformers

The design of uniformly dispersive quarter-wave transformers is a well explored subject. Common examples are rectangular waveguide E-plane transformers, in which the a dimension is kept constant. In this paper, it is shown that the performance of conventional quarter-wave transformers of a single section can always be improved by making the middle section less dispersive than the input and output waveguides, and a formula for the optimum a dimension is given. The theory was verified experimentally. In this instance, the improved transformer measured 50 per cent more bandwidth than did the conventional one, and was 25 per cent shorter besides.     

Design of a low loss SAW reflector filter with extremely widebandwidth for mobile communication systems

The design and performance of a low-loss surface acoustic wave (SAW) reflector filter are presented. The structure is a dual-track configuration incorporating two interdigital transducers (IDTs) and reflectors in each track. Extremely wide bandwidth can be obtained if chirped IDTs and reflectors are used. From the theoretical conditions for low-loss operation of the reflector filter, a design rule for the distances between the chirped components and for their lengths is derived. Because the transfer function of the filter is predominantly determined by the reflectors, a new synthesis method for chirped reflectors has been developed. For the design of the reflectors, phase-weighting and finger-width-weighting techniques were used to reduce passband distortions and improve the shape factor and stopband rejection. The filter has been fabricated on 128° YX-LiNbO₃ . The center frequency and fractional bandwidth are 200 MHz and 100%, respectively, the minimum insertion loss is 4 dB, a passband ripple is about 1 dB, and the stopband rejection is better than 35 dB     

一种IPD吸收式低通滤波器的设计

为解决反射信号损害系统性能的问题,提出了一种具有高带外抑制和高带外吸收的小型化吸收式低通滤波器。该滤波器通过高通通路和低通通路实现了吸收式低通滤波器;通过抑制增益支路实现了高带外抑制。利用ADS和HFSS仿真软件对滤波器结构进行优化设计,并进行了实物的加工和测试。实测结果表明:该滤波器的3 dB截止频率为4 GHz,其带内最小插入损耗0.88 dB,通带内DC到3.5 GHz的回波损耗大于20 dB,阻带回波损耗大于10 dB,10.5 GHz处的阻带抑制大于45dB,从8 GHz到30 GHz的带外抑制大于33 dB,实测结果与仿真结果有较好的吻合。该滤波器尺寸仅为1220μm×650μm×87.71μm,相比传统PCB、LTCC工艺的滤波器,体积大大缩小,符合现代射频与微波系统小型化的发展趋势。     

一种低损耗高抑制的声表面波滤波器

该文采用周期调制及双通道设计的方法实现了一种低损耗高抑制声表面波滤波器的研制。该滤波器以64°Y X LiNbO3为基片材料,其中心频率约475 MHz,插入损耗小于2 dB,阻带抑制优于60 dB及1 dB相对带宽约5%。研制的滤波器具有低插损及高阻带抑制的特性,结果表明该设计方法具有很好的实用性。     

Hybrid optical circulator using garnet-quartz composite embedded in planar waveguides

A novel hybrid configuration of optical circulator is presented. A Garnet-Quartz composite (GQC), which is comprised of four quarter-wave plates and Faraday rotator, is embedded into a groove formed across the branching waveguides pair of Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Optical path difference of the pair is 0 rad for forward path, whereas /spl pi/ for backward path with the GQC, realizing nonreciprocal operation. The forward-to-reverse isolation of 16.2-29.8 dB and the insertion loss of 8.8-9.4 dB are obtained.     

Circularly Polarized External Cavity Laser Hybrid Integrated With a Polyimide Quarter-Wave Plate on Planar Lightwave Circuit

We propose and demonstrate a circularly polarized external cavity laser (ECL) hybrid integrated on a planar lightwave circuit (PLC). The ECL is composed of a spot-size converter integrated laser diode, a UV-written grating, and a polyimide quarter-wave plate on the PLC using hybrid-integration technology. The polyimide quarter-wave plate of an 8.8-mum thickness was inserted in a trench with a 20-mum width and a 300-mum depth on the PLC platform, and fixed with a UV-curable adhesive. The ECL hybrid integrated with the polyimide wave plate becomes highly circular-polarized with a degree of circular polarization of 0.992. This circularly polarized ECL operated with a sidemode suppression ratio of >50 dB at ~1550 nm.     

一种高抑制小型化带通滤波器

该文提出了一种具有3个传输零点的高带外抑制小型化带通滤波器。通过耦合控制可在梳状线滤波器响应中引入3个传输零点。通过源/负载耦合和传输线上刻蚀的马刺线可降低带外抑制,使滤波器获得更好的性能。设计并制作了一款小型化带通滤波器实物,仿真结果表明,该文设计的滤波器工作中心频率和相对带宽分别为2.12 GHz和20%,该滤波器的回波损耗优于40 dB,插入损耗小于0.2 dB,带外抑制小于40 dB。此外,该滤波器还具有结构简单紧凑、易加工等特点,实物测试结果与仿真结果基本一致。     

Quarter-Wave Matching of Waveguide-to-Finline Transitions (Short Papers)

This paper presents closed-form expressions for the design of a quarter-wave transition-matching transformer. This structure takes the form of a notch or protrusion cut in the finline substrate at the waveguide-to-finline interface. The dimensions of the transformer are calculated using a homogeneous waveguide model for the partially loaded sections. The characteristics of this model are found with perturbation theory. Several transformers were designed and measured. A 5-dB improvement in return loss over a full waveguide band is typical.     

General Synthesis of Quarter-Wave Impedance Transformers

This paper presents the general synthesis of a radio frequency impedance transformer of n quarter-wave steps, given an "insertion loss function" of permissible form. This procedure parallels that of Darlington for lumped constant filters by providing the connection between Collin's canonical form for the insertion loss function and Richards' demonstration that a reactance function may always be realized as a cascade of equal length impedance transformers terminated in either a short or open circuit. In particular, it is shown that insertion loss functions of the form selected by Collin are always realizable with positive characteristic impedances, and that the synthesis procedure, for maximally flat and Tchebycheff performance, involves the solution, at most, of quadratic equations. In addition, this procedure permits the proof of Collin's conjecture that, for his insertion loss function, the resulting reflection coefficients are symmetrical. Finally, closed expressions are given for the coefficients of the input impedance of a given n section transformer in terms of the n characteristic impedances and vice versa.     

基于磁性光子晶体的高性能微波带通滤波器

提出了一种基于磁性光子晶体的高性能微波带通滤波器。仿真计算和实验测量结果表明,该滤波器矩形系数好,插入损耗小,带外抑制高且带内平坦。研制的中心频率为10.75 GHz的通带滤波器,带宽达1.3GHz,通带内插入损耗小于5dB,带外抑制50dB以上。改变磁性圆柱的半径或磁性光子晶体的晶格常数可设计出工作在不同频段,具有不同带宽的微波滤波器。