糖尿病大鼠心肌MDA含量,SOD和Na—K—ATP酶活性的变化

实验用四氧嘧啶破坏Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠胰腺发诱导糖尿病模型，观察糖尿病大鼠心肌组织ＭＤＡ含量，ＳＯＤ和Ｎａ＾＋－Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性的变化以及氧自由基清除剂（ＶｉｔＥ，亚硒酸钠）对糖尿病大鼠心肌的保护作用，结果表明：（１）糖尿病大鼠心肌组织ＭＤＡ含量显著增加（Ｐ〈０．０５），而心肌细胞膜上Ｎａ＾＋－Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰ酶的活性显著下降（Ｐ〈０．０１），（２）ＶｉｔＥ和亚硒酸钠能显著降低糖尿病大鼠心肌组织ＭＤ     

SHR心肌细胞离子泵活性与血压及左心室肥厚的相？…

目的：研究心肌细胞膜离子泵活性与血压及左心室肥厚之间的关系。方法：将１２只自发性高血压大鼠（ＳＨＲ）分成两组,一组灌喂缬沙坦（２４ｍｇ／ｋｇ）,另一组和６只正常大鼠（ＷＫＹ）灌喂生理盐水共４周。测量实验前后及实验后心肌细胞膜的Ｎａ＾＋－Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰ酶、Ｃａ＾＋－ＡＴＰ酶和Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性,同时测量心肌细胞横径（ＴＤＭ）和心脏重量／体重（ＨＷ／ＢＷ）。结果：ＳＨＲ生理盐水组的血压和ＴＤＭ及     

绞股蓝总皂甙抗大鼠海马结构缺血再灌注损伤的实验研究

探讨大鼠海马结构缺轿再灌注损伤机理及绞股蓝总皂甙抗缺血再灌注损伤的作用，结果：ＩＲ组海马组织中ＭＤＡ含量高于组（Ｐ〈０．０１），而ＳＯＤ含量低于ＳＯＣ组（Ｐ〈０．０１），差异非常显著：ＩＲ＋ＧＰ组海马组织中ＭＤＡ含量明显低于ＩＲ组（Ｐ〈０．０１），而ＳＯＣ含量明显高于ＩＲ组（Ｐ〈０．０１），ＩＲ组海马组织Ｎａ＾＋－Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ，Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ的活性明显低于ＳＯＣ组（Ｐ〈０．０１）     

脑益嗪抗运动病时大鼠血浆PG和小脑Na^＋—K^＋—ATPase图？…

为探讨脑益嗪抗运动病作用机理，采用放射免疫方法和计算机图像分析系统，对运动病组和脑佃嗪药物预防组大鼠血浆ＴＸＢ２，６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α和小脑毛细血管内皮＾＋－Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ进行定量测量和分析研究。结果表明ＣＰＧ大鼠血浆ＴＸＢ２和６－Ｋｅｔｏ－ＰＧＦ１α显著低于ＭＳＧ，而小脑毛细血管内皮细胞Ｎａ＾＋－Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性则明显高于。     

束缚应激对大鼠脑组织Na^＋,K^＋—ATP酶活性的影响

目的：探讨心理应激源对脑组织Ｎａ＾＋,Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性的影响及发生机制,以及自由基清除剂对该酶活性的保护作用。方法：将大鼠分为对照组、束缚组和治疗组。用酶组化法制片,用图像分析仪测脑组织Ｎａ＾＋,Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰ酶的活性;用ＴＡＢ法测ＭＤＡ的含量。结果：束缚组和治疗组的Ｎａ＾＋,Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰ酶的活性;用ＴＡＢ法测ＭＤＡ的含量。明显高于对照组。治疗组Ｎａ＾＋,Ｋ＾＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性明显高于束缚组,     

重症肌无力患者CD5+B细胞的变化

目的：研究ＣＤ＾＋Ｂ细胞在重症肌无力（ＭＣ）发病中的作用。方法Ｌ：采用免疫荧光双标记技术和流式细胞仪对３９例ＭＧ患者和１８例健康对照者周围血中ＣＤ５＾＋细胞（ＣＤ５＾＋ＣＤ１９＾＋）的百分率进行测定,同时用ＥＬＩＳＡ间接法检测ＭＣ患者血清中ＡｃｈＲａｂ。结果：在ＭＧ患者周围血ＣＤ５＾＋Ｂ细胞百分率显著高于对照组,而且在血清ＡｃｈＲａｂ阳性和阴性ＭＧ中ＣＤ５＾＋Ｂ细胞均明显高于对照组;但在血清Ａｃｈ     

糖尿病大鼠心肌MDA含量、SOD和Na￣ -K￣ -ATP酶活性的变化

实验用四氧嘧啶破坏Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠胰腺诱发糖尿病模型，观察糖尿病人鼠心肌组织ＭＤＡ含量，ＳＯＤ和Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性的变化以及氧自由基清除剂（ＶｉｔＥ．亚硒酸钠）对糖尿病大鼠心肌的保护作用。结果表明：（１）糖尿病大鼠心肌组织ＭＤＡ含量显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５），而心肌细胞膜上Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋一ＡＴＰ酶的活性显著下降（Ｐ＜０．０１）．（２）ＶｉｔＥ和亚硒酸钠能显著降低糖尿病大鼠心肌组织ＭＤＡ含量，并能提高ＳＯＤ和Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性。以上结果说明糖尿病大鼠心肌组织的脂质过氧化反应可能是导致心肌细胞膜上Ｎａ＋－Ｋ＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性下降的原因之一     

牛磺酸对缺血大鼠心肌线粒体Ca^2＋—Mg^2＋—ATP酶活性与MDA …

目的和方法：用Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠皮下注射异丙肾上腺素（ＩＳＰ,５ｍｇ／ｋｇ）诱导心肌缺血模型。观测心肌线粒体（Ｍｉｔ）中丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量、Ｃａ＾２＋－Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶和Ｃａ＾２＋－Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶和Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性及牛磺酸（Ｔａｕ）的影响。结果：缺血组大鼠心肌Ｍｉｔ中ＭＤＡ升高８７．８３％、Ｃａ＾２＋－Ｍｇ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶和Ｃａ＾２＋－ＡＴＰ酶活性分别降低３７．５６％和５０．２０     

糖尿病红细胞膜钠泵K^＋pNPPase活性与红细胞变形能力的关系

本文测定５０例ＮＩＤＤＭ患者红细胞膜钠泵Ｋ＾＋－ｐＮＰＰａｓｅ活性和红细胞滤过指数ＩＦ。结果显示：ＮＩＤＤＭ患者红细胞膜钠泵Ｋ＾＋－ｐＮＰＰａｓｅ活性降低和红细胞ＩＦ明显增高，上述改变在ＮＩＤＤＭ伴有视网膜病变者更为显著；红细胞膜钠泵Ｋ＾＋－ｐＮＰＰａｓｅ活性降低和红细胞ＩＦ呈负相关。提示红细胞膜钠泵Ｋ＾＋－ｐＮＰＰａｓｅ活性降低可能是导致红细胞变形能力降低的重要因素。     

九代清源口服液增强反复呼吸道感染患儿免疫功能的临床实验研究

目的：探讨九代清源口服液在增强反复呼吸道感染患儿免疫功能中的作用。方法：将１００例ＲＲＩ患儿随机分为２组,即常规治疗组和九代清源口服液辅助治疗组（简称九代组）,分别于治疗前、治疗后抽取静脉血检测Ｔ淋巴细胞亚群（ＳＰ法）、ＮＫ细胞活性（ＭＴＴ法）、ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ（ＥＬＩＳＡ法）、ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ、ＩｇＭ（透比浊法）。结果：ＲＢＩ患儿治疗前ＣＤ３＾＋、ＣＤ４＾＋、ＣＤ４＾＋／ＣＤ８＾＋、ＮＫ细胞活性及ＩｇＧ、ＩｇＡ显著降低,ＣＤ８＾＋、ＩｇＭ和ｓＩＬ－６Ｒ显著升高常规治疗指标明显好转,与正常对照组比较,仍有显著差异（Ｐ〈０．０５）;九代组治疗后有所恢复,但与正常对照组比较均无显著性差异（Ｐ〉０．０５）。结论：九代清源口服液具有较强的免疫调节作用,可明显增强ＲＲＩ患儿的细胞和体液免疫功能。     

Schizophrenia in a North Swedish geographical isolate, 1900–1977. Epidemiology, genetics and biochemistry

Over 200 schizophrenic patients belonging to three major and interrelated pedigree complexes have been investigated over the past 30 years in a North Swedish geographically isolated population, presently numbering about 6,000. An intensive investigation of a number of biochemical correlates and genetic markers in a few selected families belonging to one of the major pedigrees has indicated new strategies for the current research program.
Schizophrenia, as defined operationally, is significantly associated with decreased activities of two enzymes (1) blood platelet monoamine oxidase, (2) plasma dopamine-β-hydroxylase, and (3) with the genetic marker Gc² (group specific antigen). Both enzymes are subject to genetic variation. A positive score for linkage between schizophrenia and low plasma DBH activity has been calculated, but, so far, available data are insufficient for discrimination between linkage and partial contribution of genetically controlled low plasma DBH to the pathogenesis of the disease. Alternatively, both mechanisms could be involved.
As a model for continued research, schizophrenia is explained as based on a double dominant-recessive genotype (Aabb), representing a vulnerability which in about 50 % of cases develops into clinical schizophrenia. It is suggested that the dominant mutation (A) operates on or affects MAO activity, and that the recessive genotype (bb) is instrumental in low variates of DBH activity and very likely such variates within the normal range of physiological variation. Moreover, it is suggested that the combined effects of MAO- and DBH-reduced efficiency on the metabolism of e.g. dopamine could be an essential pathogenic mechanism for the schizophrenic illness which is segregating in this population.     

The dominant diseases of modernized societies as omega-3 essential fatty acid deficiency syndrome: Substrate beriberi

About 1900, modern food selection and processing caused widespread $\text{epidemics}$ of the B vitamin deficiency diseases of beriberi and pellagra which, for genetic reasons, often expressed as different diseases ranging from bowel and heart disease to dermatoses and psychoses. But the B vitamins merely help convert essential fatty acids (EFA) into the prostaglandin (PG) tissue regulators and it now turns out that, through hydrogenation, milling and selection of w3-poor southern foods, we have also been systematically depleting, by as much as 90%, a newly discovered trace Nordic EFA (w3) of special importance to primates and sole precursor of the PG3(4) series, even as a concurrent fiber deficiency increases body demand for EFA. Since substrate EFA is processed by many B vitamin catalysts, an EFA deficiency will mimic a $\text{panh}$ypovitaminosis B, i.e., a mixture of $\text{substrate}$ beriberi and $\text{substrate}$ pellagra resembling vitamin beriberi and pellagra but exhibiting as even more diverse $\text{endemic}$ disease. This would consitute a second stage of the Modern Malnutrition and explain why some workers now hold the dominant diseases of modermized societies to be new, nutritionally based, pellagraform yet lipid-related and to range, once again, from heart disease to psychosis. It is an assumption that our dominant diseases are unrelated to each other or are merely revealed by our diagnostic acumen and therapeutic success; and that hydrogenating millions of tons of food oils annually, to destroy the rancidity producing w3-EFA, is safe for $\text{primates}$. Extensive beriberiform disease is reported here in 32 typical cases taken from medical practice which responds strikingly to linseed oil supplements (60% w3-EFA) in confirmation of identical results in Capuchins.     

The universal muscular chain reaction,muscle spasm,Torsions, ruptures and extravasations. Chameleons of pathology and some manifestations of simple muscular disorders

Most bodily functions require the coordinated actions of complementary and supplementary paired muscle groups. Where this essential muscular cooperation is lacking, hollow organs may burst and others become literally screwed up, giving rise to many similar spastic diseases such as Torticollis, Twisted ovarian cyst, Torsion of the Testis, Volvulus of the intestines, Varicose Veins, Megacolon, Aortamegaly, Scoliosis, Erb's Palsy, Peyronie's Disease, Main-en-Griffe, Undescended Foot (Pes Cavus), Talipes, Strabismus. Spasm is “panenepidemic” and unclassified examples of Torsion Dystonia and Dyskinesia really are as common as debt and taxes.     

'Very sore nights and days': the child's experience of illness in early modern England, c.1580-1720

Sick children were ubiquitous in early modern England, and yet they have received very little attention from historians. Taking the elusive perspective of the child, this article explores the physical, emotional, and spiritual experience of illness in England between approximately 1580 and 1720. What was it like being ill and suffering pain? How did the young respond emotionally to the anticipation of death? It is argued that children’s experiences were characterised by profound ambivalence: illness could be terrifying and distressing, but also a source of emotional and spiritual fulfilment and joy. This interpretation challenges the common assumption amongst medical historians that the experiences of early modern patients were utterly miserable. It also sheds light on children’s emotional feelings for their parents, a subject often overlooked in the historiography of childhood. The primary sources used in this article include diaries, autobiographies, letters, the biographies of pious children, printed possession cases, doctors’ casebooks, and theological treatises concerning the afterlife.     

Guidelines for the Validation and Use of Immunoassays for Determination of Introduced Proteins in Biotechnology Enhanced Crops and Derived Food Ingredients

Recent advancements in agricultural biotechnology have created a need for analytical techniques to determine introduced proteins in crops enhanced through modern biotechnology techniques. These proteins are expressed in plant tissues and may be present in food ingredients. Immunoassays are ideally suited for protein detection and may be used as both quantitative and threshold methods. Microplate ELISA and lateral flow devices are two of the most commonly used immunoassay formats for agricultural biotechnology applications. This paper provides general background information and a discussion of criteria for the validation and application of immunochemical methods to the analysis of proteins introduced into plants and food ingredients using biotechnology methods. It is the result of a collaborative effort of members of the Analytical Environmental Immunochemical Consortium. This collaborative effort represents the combined expertise of several organizations to reach consensus on establishing guidelines for the validation and use of immunoassays. Further, the paper offers developers and users a consistent approach to adopting the technology as well as aid in producing accurate and meaningful results.     

Ultracryotomy: development and application (with examples from the yeast cytology) (author's transl)

The preparation steps usually necessary for obtaining ultrathin frozen sections of biological material (chemical prefixation, enclosing, cryoprotective treatment, freezing, sectioning, and post-staining the sections for transmission electron microscopy) are submitted to a critical analysis. The application of cryo-ultramicrotomy, in particularly for cytochemical purposes, is reviewed. Fundamental considerations of chemical prefixation and poststaining are supported by examples from yeast cytology. Furthermore, the efficiency of the cryo-ultramicrotomy (electron optical resolution of ultrastructural details) is demonstrated on yeast cells and protoplasts.     

Hypo- und Hypermagnesämie aus kardiologischer Sicht

Zusammenfassung Eine Reihe pathologischer Zustände bedingen Magnesiummangel. Zustände mit Hypermagnesämie sind ebenfalls bekannt, doch wesentlich seltener. Für den Kardiologen beachtenswert ist, daß unter Therapie mit bestimmten Diuretica bei Herzinsuffizienz, bei Herzinfarkt, Kardiomyopathie, Digitalisintoxikation und bestimmten Herzrhythmusstörungen Hypomagnesämie beobachtet wurde. Leider kann in der klinischen Routine nur ein extracelluläres Magnesiumdefizit durch Serumbestimmungen gemessen werden; über Magnesiummangel einzelner Organe kann nichts ausgesagt werden. Hinweise für Magnesiummangel geben aber neben der Messung des Serumspiegels Anamnese, klinischer Befund, bestimmte EKG-Veränderungen wie auch evtl. Hypokalämie, ein Zustand, bei dem sich oft — besonders bei Aldosteronismus — parallele Veränderungen zeigten.Tierexperimente deuten darauf hin, daß infarktähnliche Läsionen unter Magnesiummangel entstehen, doch ob Herzinfarkt beim Menschen durch Magnesiummangel ausgelöst werden kann, ist noch ungeklärt. In Leichenherzen zeigte sich im Infarktgebiet neben Calciumakkumulation signifikanter Magnesiumverlust, wobei unklar blieb, ob sich Ursache oder Folge des Infarktes widerspiegelten. Falls ein ursächlicher Zusammenhang besteht, ist er im Myokardstoffwechsel selbst zu suchen, wie bei der Alkoholkardiomyopathie, wo myokardialer Magnesiummangel zumindest als pathogenetischer Teilfaktor anerkannt wird. Andererseits versucht man aber auch Beziehungen zwischen Atherosklerose, Blutgerinnung und Hypomagnesämie herzustellen, in der Meinung, daß Magnesiummangel auch über den coronaren Pathomechanismus des Herzinfarktes wirken könnte. Sicher scheint, daß gewisse EKG-Veränderungen und Herzrhythmusstörungen durch einen irritierten Magnesiumhaushalt bedingt sein können, da sie bei Gabe bzw. Entzug von Magnesium verschwinden. Daß Magnesiummangel die Glykosidtoleranz verringert, wird tierexperimentell bestätigt. Unter Hypomagnesämie bewirkt Acetylstrophanthidin eher und länger Rhythmusstörungen als ohne, außerdem lassen diese sich durch Magnesiumgaben eliminieren. Da in gewissen Fällen spontane und digitalisinduzierte Herzrythmusstörungen durch Magnesiuminjektionen beseitigt wurden, scheint Magnesium als Therapeuticum angebracht. Einsatz verschiedener Magnesiumsalze bei Angina pectoris, degenerativen Herzerkrankungen und Herzinsuffizienz ohne geprüften und offensichtlich gestörten Magnesiumhaushalt ist fragwürdig, weil keine eindeutigen klinischen Erfolgsbeweise vorliegen. Immerhin mag es aber larvierte, durch Serumbestimmungen nicht erfaßbare Mangelzustände geben. Allgemein erscheint es aus kardiologischer Sicht ratsam, den Magnesiumhaushalt zu überwachen und in entsprechenden Fällen auszugleichen, um möglichen Myokardläsionen oder fatalen Herzrhythmusstörungen entgegenzuwirken.     

HLA in North Colombia Chimila Amerindians

HLA-A,-B,-C,-DRB1 and -DQB1 alleles have been studied in Chimila Amerindians from Sabana de San Angel (North Colombian Coast) by using high resolution molecular typing. A frequent extended haplotype was found:HLA-A*24:02-B*51:10-C*15:02-BRB1*04:07-DQB1*03:02 (28.7%) which has also been described in Amerinndian Mayos Mexican population (Mexico, California Gulf, Pacific Ocean). Other haplotypes had already been found in Amerindians from Mexico (Pacific and Atlantic Coast), Peru (highlands and Amazon Basin), Bolivia and North USA. A geographic pattern according to HLA allele or haplotype frequencies is lacking in Amerindians, as already known. Also, five new extended haplotypes were found in Chimila Amerindians. Their HLA-A*24:02 high frequencies characteristic is shared with aboriginal populations of Taiwan; also, HLA-C*01:02 high frequencies are found in New Zealand Maoris, New Caledonians and Kimberly Aborigines from Australia. Finally, this study may show a model of evolutionary factors acting and rising one HLA allele frequency (-A*24:02), but not in others that belong to the same or different HLA loci.     

The case for allele‐specific recognition by the TCR

There is a sharp difference in how one views TCR structure–function–behaviour dependent on whether its recognition of major histocompatibility complex‐encoded restriction elements (R) is germline selected or somatically generated. The generally accepted or Standard model is built on the assumption that recognition of R is by the V regions of the αβ TCR, which is not driven by allele specificity, whereas the competing model posits that recognition of R is allele‐specific. The establishing of allele‐specific recognition of R by the TCR would rule out the Standard model and clear the road to a consideration of a competing construct, the Tritope model. Here, the case for allele‐specific recognition (germline selected) is detailed making it obvious that the Standard model is untenable.