倡导少染发崇尚自然美

长期以来,国内外学术界对染发剂的毒副作用进行过许多研究,多数认为染发剂存在一定的致过敏、致突变,甚至有潜在的致癌作用。永久性染发剂属氧化型染发剂,主要用料是对苯二胺及其衍生物,这类化学染料有致突变毒性,长期使用会产生     

染发剂对小鼠胚胎毒性效应的观察

随着社会的进步，生活和卫生水平不断提高，人口老龄化渐趋明显，染发剂的使用和销售越来越普遍。国内外许多学对染发剂进行了实验研究，大多表明染发剂有一定的致突变性(在我国学检测的染发剂中，具致突变性的达66％)。为了进一步了解染发剂对动物的毒理学效应，我们选择了七种有代表性的染发剂进行了一系列实验，现将结果报道如下：     

染发剂致癌和致突变效应的研究进展

根据染色原理和染色牢度，染发剂可分为暂时性染发剂、半耐久性染发剂和永久性(或氧化型)染发剂。近年来，实验研究和流行病学调查表明，氧化型染发剂中的部分氧化染料(氧化前体及偶合物)和氧化剂具有致癌及致突变作用，可导致机体染色体畸变、DNA断裂及膀胱癌、皮肤癌和胰腺癌等癌症的发病率增加。本文就染发剂引起致癌和致突变效应的近期研究进展作一综述。     

欧丽娜染发剂的致突变性研究

欧丽娜染发剂的致突变性研究欧世平，刘沛玉，蒋中仁，陈琼瑶，杜宝荃染发剂有致突变性国外早已有报道［１］。为了广大消费者能使用上安全、可靠的染发剂，我们对欧丽娜染发剂进行了毒理学试验。欧丽娜染发剂的一般毒理试验结果表明，小鼠经口ＬＤ５０＞１０ｇ／ｋｇ，家...     

染发剂致突变性检测方法一致性比较

氧化型染发剂中有较多使细胞遗传物质产生突变的有害成分,所以在对染发剂进行安全性评价时要进行致突变性检测~([1-2]).     

某进口染发剂的致突变作用研究

目的 评价某进口染发剂的致突变作用.方法 采用鼠伤寒沙门菌回复突变试验(Ames试验)时.发现该进口染发剂具有明显遗传毒性.继而进行了小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验和小鼠睾丸生殖细胞细胞染色体畸变试验.结果 该进口染发剂对TA97、TA98、TA100、TA1024个菌株Ames试验结果显示.当剂量为5 000和500μ...     

染发剂的致突变性研究

为进一步探讨长期使用染发剂对人体健康的危害,对78种染发剂进行了Ames试验检测。结果表明,其阳性检出率为7.7%,均为氧化型染发剂。染发剂主要对TA98菌株在代谢活化作用下产生致突变性,引起致突变性的剂量范围在2.5～5.0mg/皿之间,而对于TA97、TA100和TA102菌株无论直接作用和代谢活化后作用均未呈现致突变性。     

030染发剂致癌和致突变效应的研究进展

根据染色原理和染色牢度,染发剂可分为暂时性染发剂、半耐久性染发剂和永久性(或氧化型)染发剂.近年来,实验研究和流行病学调查表明,氧化型染发剂中的部分氧化染料(氧化前体及偶合物)和氧化剂具有致癌及致突变作用,可导致机体染色体畸变、DNA断裂及膀胱癌、皮肤癌和胰腺癌等癌症的发病率增加.本文就染发剂引起致癌和致突变效应的近期研究进展作一综述.     

染发剂对小鼠胚胎毒性效应的观察

随着社会的进步，生活和卫生水平不断提高，人口老龄化渐趋明显，染发剂的使用和销售越来越普遍。国内外许多学者对染发剂进行了实验研究，大多表明染发剂有一定的致突变性（在我国学者检测的染发剂中，具致突变性的达66％）。为了进一步了解染发剂对动物的毒理学效应，我们选择了七种有代表性的染发剂进行了一系列实验，现将结果报道如下：l材料与方法1．l实验动物NIH品系小鼠，18－22克，每组10只，雌雄各半，在实验开始前不同性别小鼠严格分离饲养。1．2实验材料市售七种不同厂家生产的染发剂，分别为A（单剂苯胺类，粉状）、B（单剂苯…     

特殊用途化妆品的致突变性检测

报道了81份特殊用途化妆品(包括染发剂、育发剂、健美类和美乳类)的Ames试验检测结果。发现4份染发剂、1份健美霜和1份美乳霜的致突变试验呈阳性反应。本文还对可能影响染发剂致突变性的因素进行了讨论。     

Effects of hair treatment on hair mercury—The best biomarker of methylmercury exposure?

Objectives Exposure misclassification is a major obstacle to obtain accurate dose-response relationships. In order to solve this problem, the impact of hair treatment on total mercury in hair was assessed in Japanese women. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out among 327 women at age 24–49 years to determine hair mercury levels and estimate daily mercury intakes from seafood by using a food frequency questionnaire. Results Hair mercury levels in the women and daily mercury intake ranged from 0.11 to 6.86 (median 1.63) μg/g and from 0.77 to 144.9 (median 15.0) μg/day, respectively. The hair mercury was positively correlated with the daily mercury intake (p<0.001). When the women were divided into two subgroups based on artificial hair-waving, hair coloring/dyeing, residence (non-fishing and fishing areas), and working status, a significant difference in the hair mercury level was observed between the women with and without artificial hair-waving only (p<0.001). The multiple regression analysis showed that the log-transformed hair mercury level was significantly related to the log-transformed daily mercury intake (standardized regression coefficient βs=0.307) and artificial hair-waving (βs=−0.276); but not to hair coloring/dyeing, residence, working status or age. Permanent hair treatment was estimated to reduce total mercury in hair by approximately 30%, after adjusting for daily mercury intake and other possible factors. Conclusions These findings suggest that hair mercury is not the best biomarker of methylmercury exposure when a study population includes women with artificial hair-waving.     

染发剂的体外染色体畸变实验

目的用中国地鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞检测染发剂致染色体畸变的情况.方法采用中国地鼠卵巢(CHO)细胞株,以多氯联苯(PCB)诱导的大鼠肝匀浆(S9)作为体外代谢活化系统.按照《化妆品卫生规范》(2002)要求,对2001-2004年送检、受理审报的346件染发剂进行CHO细胞染色体畸变实验.结果346份染发剂的染色体畸变阳性率为12.72%;其中进口染发剂的阳性率(14.15%),略高于国产染色剂(10.64%),但差异没有统计学意义(P＞0.05);氧化型染发剂阳性率(14.06%)明显高于非氧化型染发剂(0%),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);97.73%的阳性样品在不加入S9条件下致染色体畸, 变.结论染发剂可能有潜在的致突变性,应加强对染发剂,尤其是氧化型染发剂的安全性评价.     

染发类化妆品中染发剂的使用情况分析

目的:研究染发类化妆品中染发剂的使用情况。方法:统计分析2003~2005年290份国产和进口染发类化妆品中染发剂的使用种类、频率和用量。结果:290份样品共使用39种染发剂,其中间苯二酚、对苯二胺(及硫酸盐)、对氨基酚、间氨基酚(及盐酸盐)、2,5-二氨基甲苯(及硫酸盐)的使用频率较高,均在30%以上。结论:染发类化妆品中染发剂的使用种类繁多,某些组分使用频率较高,在使用中应引起关注。     

An epidemiologic case-control study of breast cancer and exposure to hair dyes.

An epidemiologic case-control study of 1617 patients with a primary breast cancer and 1617 control subjects was conducted to test the hypothesis that use of hair dyes is related to breast cancer. No overall association was observed between breast cancer risk and "ever use" of hair dyes (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval, 0.90 to 1.21), age when hair dye use started and age when it stopped, duration of hair dye use (years), types of hair dyes used, and estimated lifetime number of individual applications. The current data set also failed to show an increased risk for breast cancer in women who had been diagnosed with benign breast disease and were exposed to hair dyes.     

Effects of artificial hair-waving on hair mercury values

Summary An artificial hair-waving which is popular among Japanese women and the use of thiol-containing solutions for reforming hair-wavings was tested for its effects on hair mercury values. The first step of the procedures, shampooing and drying, entailed slightly organic mercury concentrations; the second step, applying the cosmetic containing thiols, reduced organic mercury concentrations to less than half of the original value. After completion of all 5 steps, the organic mercury concentration decreased to one third of the original value and the inorganic mercury concentration decreased only slightly.Next, the cosmetic containing thiols and the solution of cysteine HCl or sodium thioglycolate were compared with each other for the hair mercury diminishing effect. At an equimolar basis of thiols (0.65M), the cosmetic had the largest effect for reducing organic mercury concentrations at all the PH conditions tested (below 1, 4.0, 6.35 and 9.4). Inorganic mercury concentrations were reduced only by cysteine HCl solutions of 1 or 2 M.Supported by a grant from the Japanese Ministry of Education     

氧化型染发剂遗传毒性的体内外微核试验

目的探讨体外或体内微核试验在氧化型染发剂遗传毒性评价中的应用。方法使用小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验及中国仓鼠肺细胞(CHL细胞)体外微核试验方法检测染发剂作用于小鼠骨髓细胞及CHL细胞后产生的微核率。结果 6种染发剂在体外微核试验中的微核率高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01),在体内微核试验中与对照组相比,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论体外或体内微核试验用于检测染发剂的遗传毒性出现不同结果,有必要进一步探讨遗传毒性的测试组合。     

Association between personal use of hair dyes and lymphoid neoplasms in Europe

Hair dyes have been evaluated as possibly being mutagenic and carcinogenic in animals. Studies of the association between human cancer risk and use of hair dyes have yielded inconsistent results. The authors evaluated the risk of lymphoid malignancies associated with personal use of hair dyes. The analysis included 2,302 incident cases of lymphoid neoplasms and 2,417 hospital- or population-based controls from the Czech Republic, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, and Spain (1998-2003). Use of hair dyes was reported by 74% of women and 7% of men. Lymphoma risk among dye users was significantly increased by 19% in comparison with never use (odds ratio (OR) = 1.19, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.00, 1.41) and by 26% among persons who used hair dyes 12 or more times per year (OR = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.60; p for linear trend = 0.414). Lymphoma risk was significantly higher among persons who had started coloring their hair before 1980 (OR = 1.37, 95% CI: 1.09, 1.72) and persons who had used hair dyes only before 1980 (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.10, 2.40). Personal use of hair dyes is associated with a moderate increase in lymphoma risk, particularly among women and persons who used dyes before 1980. Specific compounds associated with this risk remain to be elucidated.     

Regular use of hair dyes and risk of lymphoma in Spain

BACKGROUND: The use of hair dyes has been inconsistently associated with an increased risk of lymphomas. We explore hair dye use and lymphoma risk in a case-control study in Spain. METHODS: We studied 574 incident lymphoma cases and 616 hospital controls in a multicentric study in Spain. Information on hair dye use was obtained through a personal interview together with information on other known or putative risk factors for lymphoma. Unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to estimate odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). All ORs were adjusted for pathology center, sex, age, and house ownership. RESULTS: Ever use of hair dyes was associated with a non-significant 20% increased risk of lymphoma (OR = 1.2, 95% CI 0.9-1.7) with a slightly higher risk observed for those using permanent hair dyes (OR = 1.3, 95% CI 0.9-1.9). No association was observed with duration of use or lifetime doses of hair dyes. Among all lymphomas categories, only chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) was significantly associated with the use of hair dyes (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.1-4.7). The risk of CLL increased with lifetime doses received. CONCLUSIONS: Ever use of hair dye products is unlikely to substantially modify the risk of lymphoma. The observed association with CLL needs to be replicated.     

14种氧化型染发剂的安全性测试

目的 探讨同一系列氧化型染发剂的安全性。方法 采用小鼠急性经口毒性试验，皮肤刺激性试验，急性眼刺激性试验，分别观察14种氧化型染发剂的急性经口毒性和对皮肤，眼睛的刺激强度。结果 14种氧化型染发剂的小鼠急性经口LD50均大于5000mg／kg．BW，对约1／3动物皮肤有轻度刺激性；对动物眼睛有中度或重度刺激性。结论 14种氧化型染发剂对家兔皮肤和眼睛有不同程度的刺激性。     

Personal hair dye use and bladder cancer: a meta-analysis

Despite considerable research, the issue of hair dyes and bladder cancer is still open to discussion. In January 2013, we searched in PubMed/EMBASE to identify observational studies investigating the association between personal use of hair dyes and bladder cancer incidence/mortality. Pooled relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using random-effects models. Fifteen case-control and two cohort studies were available for meta-analysis (8504 cases/deaths, 14,102 controls, and 617,937 persons at risk). Compared with no use, the pooled RR of bladder cancer for personal use of any type of hair dyes was 0.93 (95% CI, 0.82–1.05), with moderate heterogeneity among studies (I² = 34.1%, P = .07). Similar RRs were found for females (RR = 0.95) and males (RR = 0.81). Based on seven studies, the pooled RR for personal use of permanent hair dyes was 0.92 (95% CI, 0.77–1.09). Compared with no use, no association was observed for the highest categories of duration of use and lifetime frequency of use of both any type of dyes and permanent dyes. The pooled RR from four studies reporting results for use of dark-colored dyes was 1.29 (95% CI, 0.98–1.71). This meta-analysis allows to definitively exclude any appreciable excess risk of bladder cancer among personal hair dye users.