DS-CDMA系统中基于GSC算法的盲空时多用户检测

在DS-CDMA系统多径衰落信道中把广义旁瓣相消(GSC)算法应用到盲空时多用户检测中,GSC算法把自适应约束优化问题简化为非约束优化问题,同时抑制了码间串扰和多址干扰。最后应用两种不同的方法进行多径合并,并对其进行比较,仿真结果表明了GSC算法在盲空时多用户检测中的有效性。     

MIMO系统中基于干扰子空间投影的盲空时多用户检测算法

该文针对多天线码分多址系统,提出了一种盲空时多用户检测算法。该算法结合空域、时域二维信息,利用Alamouti空时分组码与MIMO信道的结构特征,通过跟踪干扰子空间对多天线信道进行估计。在此基础上,通过将接收信号投影到干扰子空间的正交补空间上,实现了抑制多址干扰的空时多用户检测。该算法不仅能够自适应地跟踪信道的变化,且具有较低的算法复杂度。仿真结果表明该算法能够有效地抑制多天线码分多址系统中的多址干扰,改善系统的性能。     

STBC MC-DS-CDMA系统基于子空间信道盲估计的多用户检测

该文提出了一种空时分组码(STBC)多载波(MC)DS-CDMA(STBC MC-DS-CDMA)系统结构,并通过在STBC MC-DS-CDMA下构造的统一的信号模型,实现了系统上行链路基于子空间的信道盲估计,仿真结果表明了方法行之有效。基于信道估计的结果进一步实现了系统最小均方差(MMSE)多用户检测,使系统的BER性能得到很大提高。     

频率选择性衰落信道下DS-CDMA系统发射分集技术

本文研究多径频率选择性衰落信道下,DS-CDMA系统开环发射分集技术.提出了一种将线性多用户检测与发射分集相结合的新方法,该方法能在克服信道衰落的同时抑制多址干扰和码间串扰.针对两种不同的扩频码分配方式,本文分别给出了盲和半盲的信道估计和检测算法.仿真结果表明,本文所提方法的性能优于基于空时分组码的RAKE接收机,特别是存在远近效应时性能改善更大.     

空时分组码MC-CDMA系统盲干扰抑制

该文考虑空时分组码多载波码分多址(MC-CDMA)系统的盲干扰抑制。通过研究多径信号频域码空间和数据矢量空间,采用噪声子空间技术进行盲信道估计。使用一种修改的ULV更新算法进行噪声子空间跟踪,该算法不需要相关矩阵的秩估计,直接估计噪声子空间。为了抑制多址干扰(MAI),提出一种基于投影的辅助矢量(PAV)算法,用前一级滤波矢量的输出重构最大比合并(MRC)滤波矢量,将重构滤波矢量到由基本滤波矢量和前几级辅助矢量张成子空间上的正交投影作为辅助矢量,将前一级滤波矢量和新产生辅助矢量线性合并得到新的滤波矢量。仿真结果验证了该文算法的有效性。     

MIMO系统中一种改进的盲MMSE空时多用户检测算法

针对MIMO系统,提出了一种改进的基于子空间的盲MMSE空时多用户检测算法。该算法结合MIMO系统的空间分集技术与Alamouti空时分组码方案,预估计MIMO信道信息并对信号子空间进行预处理,使用正交性能和稳态性能较好的NOOja算法跟踪信号子空间,在自适应过程中对特征值矩阵进行优化,去除迭代带来的噪声,解决了跟踪过程中信号特征值矩阵的近似估计会带来检测器性能恶化的问题。仿真结果表明这种算法,能有效地抑制多址干扰,抗远近效应能力强,尤其在低信噪比、远近效应明显的恶劣环境下,有稳定良好的性能表现。      

基于SP-LCCMA的STBC MC-CDMA系统盲信道估计

研究了空时编码多载波码分多址系统（STBC MC—CDMA）盲信道估计技术。根据信道位于信号子空间的特点,提出基于信号子空间投影线性约束恒模算法（SP—LCCMA）的盲信道估计,避免了噪声子空间信道估计的缺点,将估计信道应用于STBC MC—CDMA系统多用户检测。仿真结果表明,提出算法的收敛速度和信干噪比（SINR）性能优于一般恒模算法。     

异步多径条件下空时CDMA多用户检测

本文利用最小均方误差准则,推导了异步多径条件下空时CDMA多用户检测算法,分析了多用户检测与单用户检测关系,提出空时CDMA多用户检测接收机结构。基于SAGE迭代算法进行空时多用户检测,并利用CDMA信号的有限字符特性和上行信道的导频信息对SAGE算法提出改进。仿真结果说明了本文提出的空时CDMA多用户检测算法性能。     

异步DS-CDMA盲多用户检测

该文研究了频率选择性瑞利衰落信道中的异步DS-CDMA系统盲多用户检测。提出一种期望信号矢量估计方法,该方法同时利用了多径传播和接收机同步失调的特性,以利于把盲线性滤波优化技术应用于稳健的干扰抑制。为了抑制多址干扰(MAI),提出一种基于投影的辅助矢量(PAV)算法。该算法计算复杂度低,特别适用于短数据采样时滤波矢量的快速优化,仿真结果表明在低输入信号干扰噪声比(SINR)时能提供有效的干扰抑制,在高输入SINR时具有稳健的性能。     

MIMO系统中一种子空间追踪的盲空时多用户检测方法

文章提出在空时分组编码的MIMO系统中利用OPAST这种子空问追踪算法进行盲空时多用户检测.仿真结果表明,这种子空间追踪算法可以联合实现平坦瑞利衰落信道估计和空时多用户检测.针对不同的空时分组编码的MIMO通信系统模型,这种盲自适应空时多用户检测方法可以抵抗严重的远近效应和抑制多址干扰,并具有很好的动态跟踪能力.     

Direct blind multiuser detection for CDMA in multipath withoutchannel estimation

We consider the blind multiuser detection problem for asynchronous DS-CDMA systems operating in a multipath environment. Using only the spreading code of the desired user, we first estimate the column vector subspace of the channel matrix by multiple linear prediction. Then, zero-forcing detectors and MMSE detectors with arbitrary delay can be obtained without explicit channel estimation. This avoids any channel estimation error, and the resulting methods are therefore more robust and more accurate. Corresponding batch algorithms and adaptive algorithms are developed. The new algorithms are extremely near-far resistant. Simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of these methods     

Crossed-dipole arrays for asynchronous DS-CDMA systems

In this paper, the use of a crossed-dipole array is proposed in joint space-time channel estimation for asynchronous multipath direct sequence code division multiple access (DS-CDMA) systems. The polarization diversity offered by such an array, unlike linearly polarized arrays, is able to detect and estimate any arbitrary completely polarized signal path. By utilizing the polarization information inherent in the received signal to construct the polar-spatio-temporal array (polar-STAR) manifold vector, the accuracy and resolution of the polar-STAR parameters' estimation are significantly improved, and its signal detection capability is enhanced. To alleviate the need for a multidimensional search in the polarization space, a computationally efficient joint polarization-angle-delay channel parameter estimation algorithm is proposed for a "desired user" that operates in an asynchronous multiuser and multipath environment. The proposed algorithm, which can be seen as an application of MUSIC-type techniques, is based on combining a two-dimensional STAR-Subspace type technique with a set of analytical equations and is supported by representative examples and computer simulation studies.     

MUI-free receiver for a synchronous DS-CDMA system based on blockspreading in the presence of frequency-selective fading

We discuss a synchronous direct-sequence code division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) system based on block spreading in the presence of frequency-selective fading. Note that block spreading, which is also known as chip interleaving, refers to a spreading of a data block sequence, which is obtained by dividing a data symbol sequence into consecutive blocks. For such a system, we develop a simple new receiver that completely removes the multiuser interference (MUI) without using any channel information. The MUI-free operation is obtained by the use of a shift-orthogonal set of code sequences on which this receiver is based. Within the framework of the MUI-free receiver, we further present a subspace deterministic blind single-user channel estimation algorithm. As a benchmark for the MUI-free receiver and the corresponding subspace deterministic blind single-user channel estimation algorithm, we consider the linear multiuser equalizer and the corresponding subspace deterministic blind multiuser channel estimation algorithm developed by Liu and Xu (1996) for a standard synchronous DS-CDMA system in the presence of frequency-selective fading. We show that the complexity of the MUI-free receiver using the corresponding subspace deterministic blind single-user channel estimation algorithm is much smaller than the complexity of the linear multiuser equalizer using the corresponding subspace deterministic blind multiuser channel estimation algorithm. We further show that the performance of the MUI-free receiver is comparable with the performance of the linear multiuser equalizer. This is for the case in which the channels are known as well as for the case in which the channels are estimated with the corresponding subspace deterministic blind channel estimation algorithm     

Blind adaptive Kalman filter-based multiuser detector over a multipath fading channel

An adaptive blind multiuser detection algorithm is proposed for asynchronous direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) systems based on a modified constrained Kalman filter over a multipath fading channel. This detector is shown to outperform the present least mean squares filter in bit-error-rate and convergence rate, and it is shown to have a better tracking capability under a dynamic environment where the number of users will change frequently with time.     

A Study of the Technique of Linear Multiuser

The technique of linear multiuser detection in DS-CDMA systems is studied in this paper. The purpose is to find a receiver structure with good performance and moderate complexity, so that the receiver can efficiently suppress multiple-access interference(MAI) and multipath interference and has good near-far resistant ability, which may improve the system's capability while reducing the requirement for power control. The main work of the dissertation can be summarized as follows: the performance of MMSE multiuser detector in synchronous/asynchronous DS-CDMA systems over different channels is analyzed in chapter 2 of the dissertation. Using matrix method, we analyze the relation between performance measurement and spreading code correlation matrix, Signal-Interference-Ratio(SIR) and near-far factor, and prove that the performance of MMSE detector is better than that of the decorrelating detector. For fading channel, we analyze the performance of MMSE detector in DS-SS system firstly. Results show that the detector can efficiently suppress multipath interference. Extending to synchronous/asynchronous DS-CDMA systems over fading channels, we propose a simple linear detector structure that accomplishes despreading, detection and combining. Thus, the receiver is easy for implementation. Based on the proposed notion of combined spreading codes, we prove that the synchronous/asynchronous CDMA system is equivalent to the synchronous CDMA system over AWGN channel with double users. Therefore, the MMSE detector can efficiently suppress MAI and multipath interference in steady state, and has good near-far resistant ability. In chapter 3, we study the adaptive algorithm based on MMSE criterion. Firstly, the approach to the blind algorithm based on subspace is analyzed. We improve the algorithm in the part of channel estimation, which decreases the computational complexity while guaranteeing the performance. Meanwhile, we point out that CMOE-RLS algorithm is essentially an algorithm based on subspace approach. Also, it is shown from simulation that PASTd subspace tracking algorithm is not applicable for multiuser detection. Secondly, we propose an adaptive algorithm based on pilot channel, called PCA/PCRA. The algorithm does not require channel estimation, and has a rapid convergence rate. The steady state performance can be achieved by increasing the transmitting power in pilot channel. Computational complexity is only O(N2). Therefore, PCA/PCRA is suitable for the engineering application. The cost is that a pilot channel is needed for each user in the system. In chapter 4, constant algorithms for multiuser detection are studied. Firstly, we analyze the capture performance of CMA, and point out there exist many local stationary points. Initializations to guarantee CMA converges to the desired point are discussed. Results show that the convergence of CMA is decided by constant, step-size, spreading code correlation matrix and near-far factor. Secondly, we propose the constrained constant algorithm (C-CMA) for multiuser detection. It is shown that when the constant is greater than the triple power of the desired user, C-CMA globally converges to the desired point. Simulations illustrate that C-CMA has a rapid convergence rate and the steady state performance is good. However, great step-size can also reult in dispersion for the algorithm. Since C-CMA is a variable step-size CMOE-LMS algorithm, we propose a variable step-size constraint algorithm (VSCA). VSCA has the advantages of both CMOE-LMS and C-CMA such as robust, rapid convergence rate and good steady state performance. Thus, VSCA is suitable for engineering application. But the improper selection of step-size coefficients may degrade performance seriously. The computational complexity of the above constant algorithms is only O(N). In Section 5, the cyclostationarity of spreading signals is analyzed in the first part. We prove that spreading signals are ergodic cyclostationary signals with a cyclic period that is equal to the period of spreading code. Methods for processing cyclostationary signals are then given. It is shown that this method can mitigate the interference from a stationary noise for channel estimation. But the computational complexity for cyclostationary correlation is high, which prevents its application in implementation. In the second part, we discuss the application of oversampling technique in spreading communication systems. Although the oversampling can improve the performance of the linear multiuser detector, the improvement is trivial. On the contrary, oversampling increases the computational complexity of the weight vector greatly, which prevents its application in implementation. Additionally, we prove that FSE plus despreading or despreading pus FSE is equivalent to the linear detector with different lengths of delay line. However, the two kinds of structure have lower computational complexity.     

Blind adaptive MIMO receivers for space-time block-coded DS-CDMA systems in multipath channels using the constant modulus criterion

We propose blind adaptive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) linear receivers for DS-CDMA systems using multiple transmit antennas and space-time block codes (STBC) in multipath channels. A space-time code-constrained constant modulus (CCM) design criterion based on constrained optimization techniques is considered and recursive least squares (RLS) adaptive algorithms are developed for estimating the parameters of the linear receivers. A blind space-time channel estimation method for MIMO DS-CDMA systems with STBC based on a subspace approach is also proposed along with an efficient RLS algorithm. Simulations for a downlink scenario assess the proposed algorithms in several situations against existing methods.     

逼近幂迭代子空间跟踪算法在多用户系统中的应用研究

本文将基于逼近幂迭代的子空间跟踪算法应用于多用户系统中.该算法利用适当的补偿矩阵逼近经典幂迭代子空间跟踪方法,在不增加计算复杂度的基础上保证了算法的全局收敛.将该算法应用于波达方向(DOA)估计及盲多用户检测系统中,利用接收的数据矢量估计信号子空间,进而可得到DOA的精确估计及检测器的权向量.仿真验证了算法在多用户系统中的有效性.