2-APB对顺铂诱导人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞内质网应激途径凋亡的影响

目的观察2-APB对顺铂诱导人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞内质网应激途径凋亡的影响。方法体外培养SKOV3细胞,分别加入3.5、7和14μg/ml顺铂作用12和24 h后,用MTT法检测顺铂对SKOV3细胞的抑制率,应用激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞质内钙离子浓度变化;将SKOV3细胞随机分为空白对照组、顺铂组、2-APB组和顺铂+2-APB组,分别处理24 h后,用倒置相差显微镜观察顺铂对SKOV3细胞形态的影响,用激光共聚焦显微镜观察细胞质内钙离子浓度变化;分别处理12 h后,采用Western blot检测Caspase-3、CHOP和GRP78蛋白表达。结果 MTT结果显示,3.5、7和14μg/ml顺铂作用SKOV3细胞12和24 h,SKOV3细胞存活率明显降低,作用12和24 h的IC50分别为(14.7±0.1)μg/ml和(6.6±0.1)μg/ml。激光共聚焦显微镜检测发现,随顺铂浓度及作用时间的增加,SKOV3细胞质游离钙离子浓度逐渐增加。顺铂与2-APB联合作用后,经倒置相差显微镜观察,与顺铂组比较,顺铂+2-APB组细胞密度明显增多。MTT结果显示,与顺铂组比较,顺铂+2-APB组细胞存活率由56.8%±0.9%上升至74.4%±1.0%,激光共聚焦显微镜检测发现,游离钙荧光点数由(58.4±0.2)×10~3个降低至(23.8±0.3)×10~3个,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。Western blot结果表明,与顺铂组比较,顺铂+2-APB组的Caspase-3、CHOP和GRP78蛋白表达显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05或P0.01)。结论细胞内钙离子参与调控顺铂诱导的SKOV3细胞凋亡。     

三氧化二砷与顺铂联用对人乳腺癌细胞杀伤作用的研究

目的探讨三氧化二砷与顺铂联合应用对人乳腺癌细胞的杀伤作用。方法将三氧化二砷与顺铂单独及联合应用于体外培养的乳腺癌MCF-7细胞,采用MTT法测定细胞抑制率,于透射电镜下观察细胞超微结构变化;用流式细胞仪观察细胞凋亡情况。结果1μg/ml三氧化二砷与1μg/ml顺铂联合应用于乳腺癌MCF-7细胞48h后,细胞抑制率为27.01%,明显高于单用三氧化二砷（1μg/ml）时的12.12%及单用顺铂（1μg/ml）时的10.93%。细胞超微结构及流式细胞仪观察均显示,联合应用比单用促凋亡效应更显著（P〈0.01）。结论三氧化二砷与顺铂联合应用,可高效杀伤人乳腺癌细胞,此协同作用主要是通过诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡来实现的。     

夜香树叶正丁醇提取物中流份C6和C7对人胃癌细胞SGC7901增殖和凋亡作用的影响

目的:研究夜香树(CN)叶正丁醇提取物中流份C6、C7对人胃癌细胞SGC7901增殖和凋亡的影响。方法:采用不同比例的氯仿-甲醇(1∶9、1∶7)对CN叶正丁醇部位梯度洗脱,得到流份C6和C7。将SGC7901细胞分为空白对照组和C6、C7组。分别用0(空白对照)、5、10、20、40、80μg/ml的C6、C7培养SGC7901细胞72 h后采用MTT法检测其对细胞的增殖抑制作用,计算增殖抑制率、半数抑制浓度(IC50);用10μg/ml C6、C7培养SGC7901细胞72 h后,采用集落形成法检测其对细胞的集落形成能力的影响,计算集落形成率;瑞氏-姬姆萨混染法、Hoechst 33258/碘化丙啶(PI)染色法观察细胞形态学变化。结果:MTT结果显示,流份C6、C7对SGC7901细胞增殖有不同程度的抑制作用,抑制率分别为22.1%~80.0%、19.6%~79.7%,IC50分别16.4、18.05μg/ml。与空白对照组比较,C6和C7组细胞的集落形成率降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);给药组细胞凋亡细胞、死细胞更多。结论:CN叶正丁醇提取物中流份C6、C7可显著抑制SGC7901细胞增殖并诱导其凋亡。     

培美曲塞联合顺铂与紫杉醇联合顺铂一线治疗转移性肺腺癌的疗效对比观察

目的探讨培美曲塞联合顺铂与紫杉醇联合顺铂治疗转移性肺腺癌的疗效、无进展生存期和毒副反应。方法培美曲塞联合顺铂组(PC组):培美曲塞500mg/m~2,第1天静脉滴注30min,顺铂75mg/m~2,第1~3天每天静脉滴注2h。培美曲塞用药前1周常规预处理,肌肉注射维生素B_(12) 1000μg 1次,叶酸400μg/d,用药前一天,用药当天、用药后一天口服地塞米松4mg,每日2次。紫杉醇联合顺铂组(TP组):紫杉醇135mg/m~2,第1天静脉滴注2h,顺铂75mg/m~2,第1~3天每天静脉滴注2h。两种方案均21d为1个化疗周期,至少完成4周期以上化疗。按照RECIST标准评价化疗疗效和毒性。结果 PC组和TP组的有效率分别为45.8%、41.7%(P0.05)。48例患者均可评价疗效,PC组部分缓解11例,稳定8例,进展5例,有效率45.8%,疾病控制率79.2%;TP组部分缓解10例,稳定7例,进展7例,有效率41.7%,疾病控制率70.8%。中位无进展生存期(PFS)分别为5.7个月和4.6个月(P=0.021)。两组主要毒副反应主要为骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应和周围神经毒性。紫杉醇联合顺铂组的骨髓毒性及胃肠道不良反应发生率较高。结论培美曲塞联合顺铂治疗转移性肺腺癌的近期疗效与紫杉醇联合顺铂方案相当,但培美曲塞联合顺铂方案无进展生存期延长,毒副反应轻,安全性高,是较理想的化疗方案。     

顺铂诱导胃癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡作用及其对线粒体膜电位变化的研究

目的研究线粒体膜电位在顺铂诱导胃癌细胞凋亡中的作用机制。方法采用MTT比色法测定顺铂对胃癌SGC7901细胞的生长抑制曲线;将胃癌SGC7901细胞分成对照组及10μg/ml顺铂组处理,用流式细胞仪（FCS）分别检测线粒体膜电位（Δψm）和分析细胞周期变化情况。结果顺铂可明显抑制胃癌细胞增殖。在24h后可见细胞大部分受阻于G1期,且出现了典型的凋亡峰;在10h后线粒体膜电位明显降低。结论顺铂诱导胃癌SGC-7901细胞凋亡的途径可能是通过使线粒体膜通透性的改变,膜电位的下降来而实现的。     

竹节香附素A对人肝癌细胞HepG2增殖的抑制作用

目的 探讨竹节香附素A对人肝癌细胞HepG2增殖的影响.方法 将不同质量浓度的竹节香附素A与HepG2细胞共同培养,采用MTT比色法及细胞集落形成法检测竹节香附素A对HepG2细胞生长、增殖的影响.结果 竹节香附素A对HepG2细胞生长的ICs0为8.94μg/mL.与未处理组相比,5、10、20、40μg/mL的竹节香附素A分别与HepG2细胞共同培养72 h,在培养24 h时的细胞增殖抑制率分别为:(24.81±0.55)%、(39.17土1.30)%、(62.45±7.56)%、(79.93±5.48)%,在培养48 h时的抑制率为(35.67±0.81)%、(49.73±9.18)%、(71.62±1.03)%、(87.06±1.84)%,在培养72 h时的抑制率为(42.52±1.31)%、(59.75±7.47)%、(78.85±3.15)%、(91.36±0.84)%;顺铂对照组在细胞培养24、48、72 h的抑制率分别为(2.60±0.53)%、(60.55土5.66)%、(82.61±8.95)%.竹节香附素A各剂量的作用与未处理组相比,在各时间点均有显著差异(P＜0.001);与顺铂相比,竹节香附素A起效更快,24 h检测具有显著差异(P＜0.001);5、10、20μg/mL剂量在24 h以外的时间点与顺铂相比无差异,40μg/mL剂量在各时间点对HepG2细胞的抑制作用仍较顺铂的作用强(P＜0.01).集落形成实验显示,对照组的集落形成率为45.47%;而竹节香附素A 1.25、2.5、5 μg/mL 3个剂量组仅分别为15.73%、7.2%、3.33%,即集落形成抑制率分别为(66.75±1.66)%、(84.25±3.11)%、(92.55土2.33)%,与对照组相比有显著差异(P＜0.001).结论 竹节香附素A对HepG2细胞增殖有明显抑制作用,在一定范围内随着试药质量浓度的升高和作用时间的延长而增强.     

不同温度热疗对人胃癌耐药细胞株SGC7901/DDP的影响

目的观察热疗对人胃癌耐药细胞株SGC7901/DDP的影响,为临床上应用热疗及热化疗联合治疗耐药胃癌提供理论依据。方法采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法检测不同温度热疗、热化疗对SGC7901/DDP细胞的抑制作用;流式细胞仪及反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)分别检测热疗、热化疗对细胞GST-π蛋白及mRNA表达的影响。结果不同温度热疗处理SGC7901/DDP细胞后对顺铂的敏感性均有提高,以43℃时最佳;43℃热疗2h处理前后此细胞的IC50值分别为(11.7±0.6)μg/mL及(7.2±0.7)μg/mL。耐药逆转倍数RF为1.63倍;热疗后尤其是热化疗后SGC7901/DDP细胞GST-π蛋白及mRNA表达明显下降(P<0.01)。结论热疗能提高人胃癌耐药细胞株SGC7901/DDP对顺铂的敏感性,热化疗可能更大限度地抑制SGC7901/DDP细胞增殖;热疗部分逆转其耐药机制可能与下调GST-π蛋白及mRNA表达有关。     

米非司酮配伍顺铂对卵巢癌耐药细胞株CAOV3/DDP细胞凋亡和性激素受体的影响

目的 探讨米非司酮配伍顺铂对卵巢癌耐药细胞株CAOV3/DDP增敏作用以及凋亡率、雌激素受体(ER)和孕激素受体(PR)的影响.方法 采用RPMIl640培养液时CAOV3/DDP细胞株进行培养,将CAOU3/DDP细胞株分5组:对照组(不加任何药物)、顺铂组(2μg/ml)、高剂量米非司酮加顺铂组(15μg/ml米非司酮和2μg/ml顺铂)、中剂量米非司酮加顺铂组(10μg/ml米非司酮和2μg/ml顺铂)、低剂量米非司酮加顺铂组(5μg/ml米非司酮和2μg/ml顺铂).培养结束后采用MTT法观察不同浓度的米非司酮配伍顺铂对CAOV3/DDP细胞株增殖活力的影响;采用流式细胞术观察不同浓度的米非司酮配伍顺铂对CAOV3/DDP细胞株凋亡率、ER、PR的影响.结果 与对照组比较,顺铂组对细胞增殖活力、细胞凋亡率以及ER、PR阳性率的影响,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);与顺铂组比较,各剂量米非司酮加顺铂组对细胞增殖活力、生存率以及细胞凋亡率、PR阳性率的影响,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),且随着米非司酮浓度的升高,对CAOV3/DDP细胞抑制作用逐渐增强,细胞凋亡率显著上升,PR阳性率下降(P<0.05,P<0.01),各组ER阳性率无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 米非司酮联合顺铂对CAOV3/DDP细胞增殖活力均具有显著抑制作用,且与米非司酮的浓度呈剂量依赖关系,米非司酮可提高顺铂化疗的敏感性,其增敏作用与抑制孕激素分泌,促进卵巢癌细胞凋亡有关     

柚皮苷与顺铂联用对骨肉瘤细胞增殖和迁移的影响

目的观察柚皮苷与顺铂联用对MG63细胞增殖和迁移的效果。方法将传代的MG63细胞分为顺铂处理组(顺铂组)、柚皮苷处理组(柚皮苷组)和两种药物联合处理组(联合组),分别使用不同浓度的药物在不同时间点用MTT方法检测MG63细胞光密度值(OD 490),观察细胞增殖情况;在药物作用24 h后观察细胞迁移情况。随后通过Western blot实验检测药物对cyclin d1蛋白和MMP2蛋白表达情况的调节作用。结果对细胞处理24 h后,20μg/m L柚皮苷组、5μg/m L顺铂及二者联合处理对MG63细胞的增殖抑制率分别为7.52%±2.31%、26.89%±0.19%、42.51%±2.53%,联合组抑制率高于各单药组(P<0.01)。顺铂与柚皮苷均可以抑制MG63细胞的迁移,二者联合作用后对细胞迁移的抑制作用更为明显。蛋白检测显示,顺铂和柚皮苷作用MG63细胞24 h后,均可以在一定程度上抑制cyclin d1和MMP2的表达,联合作用后抑制作用增强。结论柚皮苷与顺铂联合使用对抑制骨肉瘤细胞增殖和迁移有协同效果,可以降低顺铂的使用浓度,进而减少治疗时化疗药物的毒副作用。     

顺铂联合姜黄素诱导胃癌细胞凋亡的研究

目的：研究应用顺铂联合姜黄素对诱导胃癌细胞HGC27凋亡的影响及机制。方法：用CCK8法检测单独或联合使用不同剂量顺铂或/和姜黄素对胃癌细胞HGC27增殖的影响;用Hochest33258染色检测联合应用顺铂和姜黄素诱导胃癌细胞HGC27凋亡的发生率。用Western blot检测细胞凋亡相关分子PARP1蛋白剪切体和DNA损伤蛋白p-γH2AX的表达变化。结果：单用顺铂可以呈剂量依赖性地促进HGC27细胞凋亡。5μmol·L-1姜黄素对HGC27细胞增殖无明显作用,10μmol·L-1姜黄素反而轻微促进HGC27细胞增殖。20、40、80μmol·L-1姜黄素对HGC27细胞的增殖抑制率分别为10.97%、15.15%、32.93%。分析联合用药组：5μmol·L-1姜黄素联合顺铂组反而促进HGC27细胞生长;10μmol·L-1姜黄素联合不同剂量顺铂和单用顺铂组比较,组间抑制率没有统计学差异（P>0.05）。20μmol·L-1姜黄素联合4、6μmol·L-1顺铂有明显的促进细胞的凋亡作用,抑制率分别为70.68%、87.30%。 Hochest33258染色结果显示,联合用药组细胞凋亡小体和坏死细胞明显增多。 Western blot结果显示,在联合用药组HGC27细胞PARP1剪切体蛋白和p-γH2AX蛋白表达明显增加。结论：顺铂联合姜黄素可以促进胃癌细胞HGC27的凋亡,机制是姜黄素可以加重顺铂引起的细胞DNA双链损伤。     

Role of glutathione in reduction of arsenate and of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in disposition of arsenite in rats

Arsenate (AsV), the environmentally prevalent form of arsenic, is converted sequentially in the body to arsenite (AsIII), monomethylarsonic acid (MMAsV), monomethylarsonous acid (MMAsIII), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAsV) and some trimethylated metabolites. Although the biliary excretion of arsenic in rats is known to be glutathione (GSH)-dependent, involving transport of arsenic-GSH conjugates, the role of GSH in the reduction of AsV to the more toxic AsIII in vivo has not been defined. Therefore, we studied how the fate of AsV is influenced by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which depletes GSH in tissues. Control and BSO-treated rats were given AsV (50 micromol/kg, i.v.) and arsenic metabolites in bile, urine, blood and tissues were analysed by HPLC-HG-AFS. BSO increased retention of AsV in blood and tissues and decreased appearance of AsIII in blood, bile (by 96%) and urine (by 63%). The biliary excretion of MMAsIII was also nearly abolished, the appearance of MMAsIII and MMAsV in the blood was delayed and the renal concentrations of these monomethylated arsenicals were decreased by BSO. Interestingly, appearance of DMAsV in blood and urine remained unchanged and the concentrations of this metabolite in the kidneys and muscle were even increased in response to BSO. To test the role of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in arsenic disposition, the effect of the of the GGT inhibitor acivicin was investigated in rats injected with AsIII (50 micromol/kg, i.v.). Acivicin lowered the hepatic and renal GGT activities and increased the biliary as well as urinary excretion of GSH, but failed to alter the disposition (i.e. blood and tissue concentrations, biliary and urinary excretion) of AsIII and its metabolites. In conclusion, shortage of GSH decreases not only the hepatobiliary transport of arsenic, but also reduction of AsV and the formation of monomethylated arsenic, while not hindering the production of dimethylated arsenic. While GSH plays an important role in the disposition and toxicity of arsenic, GGT, which hydrolyses GSH and GSH conjugates, apparently does not influence the fate of the GSH-reactive trivalent arsenicals in rats.     

微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用研究进展

本文综述了微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用,介绍微透析取样技术的原理、组成、探针类型、特点,重点阐述了微透析取样技术在测定脑、血液、皮肤等组织器官中中药有效成分浓度的应用实例。表明微透析取样技术在中药药效研究中具有广阔的前景。     

应用PASS系统分析我院2010年住院医嘱

目的:了解我院2010年住院患者的合理用药情况,探讨如何利用合理用药监测系统( PASS)提高合理用药水平.方法:利用PASS对我院2010年15 966例住院患者的1 184 997条用药医嘱进行监测,以黑色警示医嘱为依据,收集不合理用药信息,并对监测结果进行统计、分析.结果:不合理用药医嘱50 261条,发生率为4.24％.绝对禁止黑色医嘱5441条,主要为药物相互作用(66.54％)、注射液体外配伍(17.86％)、用法用量(15.46％)、儿童警告(1.14％).结论:应用PASS系统能有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药情况,有利于提高临床合理用药水平,但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善.     

应用PASS系统对我院2008年住院医嘱的分析

目的监测分析2008年我院住院患者用药情况。方法将PASS系统嵌入医生工作站、临床药学工作站等子系统,构建合理用药计算机网络系统,对住院医嘱进行及时监测,将监测结果向医生反馈,并对其进行统计、分析。结果2008年共监测医嘱3 620 241条,不合理医嘱908条,占0.02%。不合理医嘱中,配伍禁忌(381条)占41.96%,用法用量(381条)占41.96%,药物相互作用(108条)占11.89%,儿童用药(38条)占4.19%。经与医生沟通后,更改不合理医嘱856条,占94.27%。结论PASS系统可有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药,通过与医生交流,大大减少药物不良事件的发生,值得临床推广应用,也为临床药师开展工作带来了极大的便利。但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善。     

Role of desacetylation in the detoxification of cephalothin in renal cells in culture

The toxicity of three cephalosporin antibiotics to rabbit kidney cells in culture was compared to their known nephrotoxic potential in vivo (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). While cephalothin is considered to be a relatively nonnephrotoxic cephalosporin when administered to many species including humans and rabbits, in several in vitro systems involving rabbit renal tissue, cephalothin was comparatively more toxic than anticipated based on in vivo data. Cephalothin is extensively desacetylated in rabbits to a less microbiologically active metabolite, desacetylcephalothin. When a microsomal S9 fraction from rabbit kidney was added to the in vitro assay in cultured rabbit renal cells, cephalothin was desacetylated and its toxicity to kidney cells was reduced. The addition of S9 in vitro provided a toxicity ranking of the cephalosporins that correlated with their known in vivo nephrotoxic potentials (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). The in vitro detoxification of cephalothin by S9 was blocked by the coadministration of the esterase inhibitor, aminocarb. Desacetylcephalothin was relatively nontoxic to rabbit renal tissue in vitro. These results suggest that the desacetylation of cephalothin in vivo represents a previously unrecognized mechanism of detoxification of this cephalosporin antibiotic. Furthermore, this mechanism of detoxification may be applicable to other acetylated cephalosporins.     

2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药用药调查

目的:分析讨论某院抗真菌药使用的合理性,为临床安全有效地使用抗真菌药提供参考。方法:回顾性统计分析某院2009年住院患者抗真菌药用药信息。结果:2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药DDDs排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、制霉菌素和伊曲康唑;使用金额排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、米卡芬净及卡泊芬净;更换一种抗真菌药进行治疗的患者数为176人,在全部患者中占13.4%。结论:应进一步强化用药指征的意识,提高标本送检率,同时改善某些抗真菌用药不合理更换的现象,以避免耐药性发生,从而更好更长远地体现抗真菌药的治疗价值。     

Changes in levels of dependency and predictors of mortality in elderly people in institutional care in Dunedin

The 1983 study of dependency of subjects in institutional care in Dunedin was repeated two years later. A significant increase in levels of dependency in residential homes, particularly in the Religious and Welfare sector was found. In 1983 there were 29 high dependency residents and 73 medium dependency residents in residential homes. In 1985 these numbers had increased to 55 and 86 respectively. There was no change in the number of low dependency residents. In 1983, 6 high dependency residents had been admitted to residential home care in the year prior to the study. In 1985 the number of high dependency residents recently admitted had increased to 23. There had also been a significant increase in the dependency of patients in Religious and Welfare continuing care hospitals. Of the 933 subjects in institutional care in 1983 who were able to be followed, 354 (37.9%) died in the following 2 years. Mortality rate was higher for those in hospital care (48.1%) than for those in residential home care (29.6%). Mortality rates were higher in more dependent subjects and this was evident for each measure of dependency.     

Kinetics of in vitro metabolism of methoxyphenamine in rats

1. Methoxyphenamine (MP) was metabolized in vitro by rat liver preparations to O-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (O-desmethyl-MP), N-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (N-desmethyl-MP) and 5-hydroxymethoxyphenamine (5-hydroxy-MP). These metabolic pathways were inhibited by SKF 525-A and carbon monoxide, which indicates that these reactions were mediated at least partly by an NADPH-dependent cytochrome P-450 system. 2. Strain differences in the metabolism of this drug in vitro were observed in female Lewis and Dark Agouti (DA) rats, which are proposed models for human debrisoquine phenotypes. Methoxyphenamine O-demethylase and 5-hydroxylase activity in DA rats were lower than those in Lewis rats. 3. The metabolic transformation of methoxyphenamine in vitro to O-desmethyl-MP was inhibited competitively by debrisoquine and sparteine. This indicates that the cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme mediating the metabolism of MP to O-desmethyl-MP is similar to that mediating metabolism of debrisoquine and sparteine. However, no inhibition was observed with methenytoin.     

基层医院护士在临床合理用药中的作用

目的充分利用护士在医师和患者间的特殊地位和作用,促进基层临床合理用药。方法从护士的工作性质出发,论述护士参与促进合理用药的方便和优势。结果通过实践,护士在促进合理用药中的作用得到有效发挥,基层合理用药环境得到极大改善。结论充分利用护士与医师和患者间的特殊桥梁作用,在基层医院促进合理用药,规范医师用药行为,防止药物滥用,引导患者安全用药,降低药源性疾病。