印制线路板上共模电流的辐射干扰预测

随着印制线路板上电路工作频率的升高和工作电流的增加，印制线路板上共模电流产生的电磁辐射干扰对周围的电子设备产生的影响越来越严重。文章采用电磁场数值方法对印制线路板上的共模电流辐射效果进行模拟，并对模拟结果进行分析，得到了共模电流辐射的基本特性，并阐述此特性对印制线路板和机箱布局设计的影响。     

共模辐射技术分析及其抑制

通过对共模电流辐射的介绍和详细技术分析,有针对性地讨论了面向产品设计的共模电流辐射控制手段,并简单介绍了共模电流的近似测量,为工程师进行电子/电气设备的电磁兼容设计提供有价值的参考。     

某型接收机电磁干扰故障的分析和解决方法

电子设备特别是中长波段无线电接收机电磁干扰问题,一直是困扰接收机灵敏度提高的难点,当前电子设备的小型化使干扰源与敏感单元距离越来越小。针对新研制接收机生产过程中的一起电磁干扰问题,分析了电磁干扰的产生和危害,采取电路分割排除法和组件移动法,查找到了产生电磁干扰的源头,为接收机电源部分裸露的共模扼流圈产生辐射干扰。针对电磁辐射干扰源特点,对共模扼流圈采用电磁屏蔽技术,解决了接收机电磁干扰问题。     

对付共模辐射的DAISET—F电缆

连接电子设备的接口电缆中的屏蔽层，起着天线的作用，会引起共模辐射。作为对策，我们在电缆护套内添加磁性损耗层，开发出ＤＡＩＳＥＴ－Ｆ电缆。     

骚扰功率试验的测量不确定度评定

0引言 骚扰功率测量的主要测试设备包括：测量接收机、功率吸收钳、测量导轨和铁氧体吸收钳。被测设备对外界环境产生的骚扰功率主要由共模电流辐射产生。共模电流辐射需要共模源和天线，由于电路设计或布线设计不当．在被测设备内部形成等效的共模源；等效共模天线的一部分是外接电缆．     

不同差分传输线线形对信号完整性的影响

因为低辐射和对共模噪声有较好的抗干扰能力,差分信号被越来越广泛的运用。但是由于传输线的线形不一致,使得差分信号之间产生了相位差,从而产生了共模噪声并增加其辐射发射。文中讨论了四种不同的差分线线形,利用S参数分析了它们的共模噪声,并提出了两种减小共模噪声的方法。     

线形结构对差分传输线信号完整性的影响

在高速PCB设计中,随着电路传输速率的增长,差分信号被越来越多地运用到布板中.在实际走线中,由于线形结构的不一致,使得差分信号之间产生了相位差,从而产生了共模噪声并增加其辐射发射.为了减小差分传输线的共模噪声对信号完整性的不利影响,文中分别讨论了直角、斜接、圆角和45°角4种不同的差分传输线拐角线形,在HFSS中建立了三维物理模型,利用S参数分析了它们的共模噪声,得出了45°拐角为布线最优选择.并提出了减小其共模噪声的方法.     

场线路多耦合下电机及其驱动系统辐射电磁干扰预测方法研究

本文研究了场线路多耦合下电机及其驱动系统辐射电磁干扰预测方法.共模干扰回路是系统产生电磁辐射的主要来源,分析了系统共模干扰源的产生机理和传导路径.建立了共模干扰传导路径中主要部件的模型,即交流感应电机等效电路模型及驱动系统输入输出屏蔽电缆线束模型等,将各部分电路模型按照实际连接情况进行组合,获得了系统辐射电磁干扰预测模型.提出了利用CST MWS和CST CS对预测模型联合仿真的分析方法,并通过实验验证了预测模型的正确性.     

计算机视频屏蔽电缆的电磁泄漏＊

本文对视频(屏蔽)电缆的辫接效应(Pigtail Effect)及其辐射机制,进行了理论和实验研究;利用天线和传输线理论提出了屏蔽电缆共模辐射的物理模型和数学公式;分析和验证了辫接效应是导致屏蔽电缆产生辐射的主要诱因;提出了防护和抑制这种共模辐射的原理和手段。     

平行导线对的辐射发射估计

载有高频电流的导线对会产生电磁骚扰,干扰周围的电子设备.评估导线对的电磁发射具有重要的工程应用价值.文中提出了远离任何其它障碍物、置于自由空间的孤立导线对的一阶发射模型,用于估计平行导线对的辐射发射.依据FCC的B级EMC标准,实例预测了电流大小和类型对辐射发射的潜在影响,结果表明:与差模电流相比,共模电流能够产生显著的辐射发射.     

Modeling common-mode radiation of 3D structures

Common-mode radiation, which is often the predominant contributor to the overall radiation from circuit boards and electronic hardware, has in the past been difficult to calculate. Since the return paths for common-mode currents are not obvious, all parasitic circuit elements must be properly taken into account. The authors calculate the radiation, which includes both differential and common-mode components, from arbitrarily shaped 3-D conductor-dielectric composite structures using a full-wave approach. Excellent agreement between measured and calculated results is demonstrated. Further, a great deal of insight into the mechanism for generation of common-mode current, and hence radiation, is obtained     

凌动平台图形终端的电磁兼容设计

高速电路的高频辐射和信号完整性问题极大地影响了电子设备的电磁兼容性。本文从高速电路的传输特性入手分析讨论影响电磁辐射的几大因素,以凌动（ATOM）平台图形终端为例,给出了印制板设计上的可行方案,验证了高速电路电磁兼容设计的基本原则。     

Investigation of fundamental EMI source mechanisms drivingcommon-mode radiation from printed circuit boards with attached cables

Fundamental EMI source mechanisms leading to common-mode radiation from printed circuit boards with attached cables are presented in this paper. Two primary EMI source mechanisms have been identified: one associated with a differential-mode voltage and another associated with a differential-mode current, both of which result in a common-mode current on an attached cable. These mechanisms can he used to relate printed circuit layout geometries to EMI sources. The two mechanisms are demonstrated through numerical and experimental results, and an example from a production printed-circuit design is presented     

一种中大功率多路低噪声开关电源的设计

高精密电子系统对开关电源的低噪声要求日趋普遍,需求功率也日益增大。针对开关电源的噪声来源与特点,综合利用多重噪声抑制措施方有可能实现低输出噪声。着重介绍了一种多路输出开关电源的低噪声设计思路,从基础变换电路的低噪声设计和外围电路的低噪声处理方面进行了分析,对开关管、整流管、变压器辐射、布局布线与引出线处理、共模噪声抑制等采取对应噪声抑制方法。最后运用该方案试制了一款实际电路,通过实测表明设计满足预期要求。     

发射机的电磁兼容性设计

EMI（电磁干扰）问题的深入研究对提高所设计产品的可靠性有着较大的现实意义。文中阐述了EMC（电磁兼容性）在电路设计中的重要性和电子设备的EMC问题。就雷达发射机的EMC设计问题,根据发射机干扰信号的传播途径和耦合方式,针对经常出现的各种EMI问题,提出了接地、屏蔽、滤波、瞬态抑制等4种抑制EMI的方法。介绍了其他一些常用的提高设备EMC的方法,分别从PCB（印制电路板）设计、设备内的布线、软件抗干扰设计等方面进行了探讨。     

On the external inductive coupling of differential signalling on printed circuit boards

A study of the common-mode radiation behavior of differential signalling is presented, considering small current imbalances, which may originate from differential driver phase skew and circuit asymmetries. Two configurations are investigated, a solid ground plane and a ground plane with an open slit as an example of a ground-plane discontinuity. The external coupling voltage responsible for common-mode radiation is quantified through coupling inductances, for which closed-form expressions are derived and numerically validated. It is found that common-mode electromagnetic interference from differential signalling may become comparable to conventional single trace routing when traces are placed near the edge of the ground plane. For traces routed across a ground-plane discontinuity, differential signalling is only an effective means for reducing radiation when signal imbalance can be kept small.     

FDTD modeling of common-mode radiation from cables

Radiation from cables attached to printed circuit boards and shielding enclosures is among the primary concerns in meeting FCC Class A and B limits. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method can be employed to model radiation from printed circuit boards and shielding enclosures with complex geometries, but difficulties in modeling wires and cables of arbitrary radii are encountered. Modeling the wire by setting the axial component of the electric field to zero in the FDTD method results in an effective wire radius that is determined by the mesh discretization. Neglecting the wire radius in applications, such as electromagnetic interference (EMI) or printed circuit board modeling, may result in gross errors because near-field quantities are typically sensitive to wire thickness. Taflove et al. (1988) have developed a subcellular FDTD algorithm for modeling wires that has been shown to work well for plane wave scattering. The method uses a quasistatic field approximation to model wires with a well defined radius independent of the mesh dimensions. The wire model is reviewed and investigated for application to common-mode radiation from cables attached to printed circuit boards, where the source is often a noise voltage at the connector. Also investigated is energy coupling to attached cables through enclosure apertures resulting in common-mode radiation from the cable. The input impedance for a center-fed dipole antenna, as well as a monopole connected to a conducting half-sheet, is computed with FDTD methods and compared to moment method input impedance results. A simulation of a shielding enclosure with an attached cable demonstrates the utility of FDTD analysis in modeling common-mode radiation     

通信开关电源的电磁兼容性

为了抑制通信开关电源受到的电磁干扰,解决其电磁兼容性问题,从开关电源的电磁干扰,电磁兼容性等的特点出发,详细分析共模/差模干扰,传导干扰和辐射干扰,并根据相应的干扰问题,提出了开关电源内部PCB布线、元器件分布要求,EMI滤波电路,典型的共模/差模干扰滤波器及其改进方法。同时从电路设计,仪器设备等方面进行改进,进而达到开关电源的工作性能最优化。     

表面电子元件的建模与分析

针对电子设备特别是手提电子设备对电子元件小型化、集成化的要求,提出了如何设计印刷电阻、印刷电容、印刷电感的方法,重点给出了计算印刷电路板电感的计算公式,并构建了其电路模型。实验证明理论计算值与实际值的一致性。     

现代工艺集成电路的总剂量效应及加固技术

随着核技术和空间技术的发展，越来越多的电子设备不可避免地应用于各种辐射环境中。介绍两类重要的辐射环境及现代工艺集成电路总剂量效应的产生机理，详细描述电子空穴对的产生、氧化层陷阱电荷和界面陷阱的特点及对器件或电路的影响，并对现代先进工艺的抗辐射特点及应用前景进行了探讨。指出随着CMOS工艺不断按比例缩小，作为栅介质；HfO2最具应用前景，而Smart—Cut材料则是非常有发展前景的SOI材料，很可能成为今后SOI材料的主流。