9-氨基-1,2,3,4-四氢吖啶衍生物的合成

为了降低第一个用于治疗老年痴呆症药物他克林的毒副作用,提高其药理活性,对其侧链氨基进行了改性研究.分别对他克林进行了乙酰化、丁酰化及氯乙酰化反应,制备了相应的衍生物.鉴于哌嗪基团的亲水性,将其引入吖啶分子中,合成出化合物9-(2-哌嗪乙酰氨基)-1,2,3,4-四氢吖啶.所有化合物的结构均经元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱和质谱表证.     

电针穴位对脑缺血-再灌流大鼠海马和大脑皮层AChE活性的影响

目的:探讨电针穴位对脑缺血-再灌流损伤引起的脑海马及大脑皮层内乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性的影响.方法:采用夹闭大鼠双侧颈总动脉(CCAO)造成脑缺血-再灌流损伤模型,以改良Ellman法测定AChE.每日电针双侧"百会"、"风池"、"大钟"及"足三里"穴30min、7和14d,疏-密波频率:2～20Hz,强度2 0A.结果:实验后第7d,大鼠海马及大脑皮层内的AChE活性在缺血-再灌流组明显低于假手术组,而其电针组的AChE活性则基本恢复;第14d,缺血-再灌流及其电针组的大脑皮层AChE活性恢复,海马AChE活性有所恢复.结论:脑缺血-再灌流所致的脑损伤可能与脑内AChE的活性有关;电针能提高大鼠海马及大脑皮层内的AChE活性,从而可能对抗脑缺血-再灌流所致的脑损伤作用.     

基于普鲁士蓝/碳纳米管纳米棒修饰电极用于有机磷农药检测的研究

通过在碳纳米管(MWCNTs)表面原位自发还原形成普鲁士蓝纳米颗粒(PB),制备PB包覆的MWCNTs(PB@MWCNTs)纳米棒,并以壳聚糖(CS)为交联剂,制备了有机磷农药电流型乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)生物传感器.实验表明,PB@MWCNTs纳米棒独特的纳米结构,增强了PB稳定性,加快了电子传递的速率,保持了乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)活性.制备的传感器对有机磷农药(OPs)呋喃丹的检测具有检测限低3 nmol/L、灵敏度高和使用寿命长等优点.     

Optical detection of acetylcholine esterase based on CdTe quantum dots

In this study, we have constructed a simple, sensitive and rapid biosensor for detection of acetylcholine esterase (AChE) based on CdTe quantum dots (QDs). The detection limit of AChE by one-step enzyme reaction based on the thiolglycolic acid (TGA) stabilized QDs (TGA-QDs) was 10 U/L and the linear range was 10-100 and 100-1200 U/L, respectively. The detection limit of AChE by two-step enzyme reaction based on the 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MGA) stabilized QDs (MGA-QDs) was found to be 20 U/L and the linear range was 100-2500 U/L. The experimental conditions of biosensors were optimized, and the detection mechanism was studied. We also detected AChE in serum samples based on TGA-QDs or MGA-QDs. The linear range was 10-140 and 50-1000 U/L, respectively. The excellent performance of this novel biosensor demonstrated that this strategy has prodigious potential to be applied in practice detection of AChE.     

红树林共生真菌Paecilomyces sp.Tree 1-7 代谢产物的研究

Paecilomyces sp.Tree 1-7是一株采自台湾海峡的红树林共生真菌。用硅胶柱色谱及重结晶等方法,并根据理化性质和光谱数据对该菌的代谢产物进行了研究,从菌丝体中分离鉴定出三个化合物,分别为alatern in(1),5,8-二羟基-4-甲基-香豆素(2),3-羟基-3,6-二甲基-2,5-哌嗪(3)。对1进行了抗人的肝癌细胞hepG2及抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的活性测试,结果显示,化合物1有较强的抗肿瘤活性(IC50=7.0μg/mL),及很好地抑制AChE活性(IC50=0.87μg/mL)。     

分子模拟研究AChE与酮类曼尼希碱衍生物抑制剂相互作用的结合机理

主要通过分子对接(autodock)、分子动力学(MD)模拟和结合自由能(MM/PBSA)计算等方法研究了3种酮类曼尼希碱衍生物抑制剂(下文它们被标记为M1、M2和M3)与AChE的结合模式和相互作用机理.分析表明,结合自由能的计算结果与实验测得的IC_(50)值结果相对应,而范德华相互作用是这3种抑制剂与AChE结合的主要驱动力.其中,M2和M3与AChE的结合模式相似,但与M1相比有些不同,这点在抑制剂与周围残基之间的能量分析上也有所体现.残基W84和E82则是区分抑制剂M1、M2和M3生物活性高低的关键性残基.     

乙酰胆碱酯酶AChE与其抑制剂1,3,4-噻二唑类衍生物的结合机理研究

阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)是老年痴呆的一种,在老年人中有较高的发病率,乙酰胆碱酯酶抑制剂(AChEI)是目前广泛应用于临床治疗这类病症的主要药物.我们选择3种1,3,4-噻二唑抑制剂,分别与AChE进行分子对接和分子动力学(MD)模拟研究其结合模式以及相互作用机理.通过MM-PBSA方法分别计算了3种抑制剂与酶之间的自由结合能,计算结果与实验中测得的抑制剂的IC50值相一致.抑制剂与周围残基之间的氢键作用以及能量分析合理解释了AChE与抑制剂之间的结合模式以及相互作用机理.     

3种农药对花鲈抗氧化酶和乙酰胆碱酯酶影响的研究

采用体外方法,研究了敌敌畏(Dichlorvos)、丁硫克百威(Carbosulfan)和氯氰菊酯(Cypermethrin)等3种农药对花鲈(Lateolabraxjaponicus)肌肉中乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和肝脏中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPx)、谷胱甘肽转移酶(GST)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等抗氧化酶的急性毒性效应.浓度为50、200、500、1000mg/L的3种农药分别与花鲈肌肉和肝脏匀浆液在25℃孵育0、30、60、90min后,测定各酶的活性.实验结果表明,3种农药对AChE、GPx和GST活性有不同程度的抑制,但对SOD活性无显著影响.     

牡蛎共生细菌的分离、鉴定及次级代谢产物生物活性研究

对日照海域野生牡蛎共生细菌进行分离鉴定,研究其次级代谢产物的生物活性.采用常规平板分离方法对牡蛎共生细菌进行分离、培养并进行分子生物学鉴定;采用改良Ellman法和DPPH自由基清除法对共生菌的次级代谢产物进行抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)和抗氧化活性筛选.结果表明,从日照海域野生牡蛎中共分离得到62株共生细菌,其中,4株属于孤菌属,6株属于芽孢杆菌属,4株为鲁杰式菌属,3株为黄杆菌属,3株为交替单胞菌属,1株为嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌属,其余均为交替假单胞菌属。共生细菌中对AChE具有较强抑制活性的有13株,尤其是菌株HYML-1-11和HYML-1-62,抑制AChE的IC_(50)值分别为5.01和4.53μg·mL~(-1);具有一定抗氧化活性的有22株,其中HYML-1-6、HYML-1-11、HYML-1-18、HYML-1-24、HYML-1-39、HYML-1-47和HYML-1-62号菌株的次级代谢产物(5μg·mL~(-1))对DPPH自由基的清除率均达40%以上.     

大白鼠海马神经元NOS与AChE活性的研究

目的:观察大白鼠海马不同亚区一氧化氮合酶(NOS)与乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)阳性神经元的活性。方法:分别采用还原型尼克酰胺嘌呤二核苷酸脱氢酶(NADPH-d)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)组织化学方法对大白鼠海马不同亚区NOS和AChE阳性神经元的分布以及活性进行研究。结果:海马不同亚区均含有NOS和AChE阳性神经元,其中CA2区NOS呈强阳性反应,CA3区AChE呈强阳性反应。结论:实验表明,NOS和AChE阳性神经元广泛分布于大白鼠海马不同亚区,为进一步探讨海马的学习记忆功能机制提供了形态学佐证。     

玻璃纤维素壳聚糖膜固定乙酰胆碱酯酶的研究

以玻璃纤维素壳聚糖膜为载体,戊二醛为交联剂,进行乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的固定,并对固定化酶的理化性质进行研究.结果表明,乙酰胆碱酯酶的较佳固定化条件为:150 U/mL AChE液50μL,体积分数为5%的戊二醛溶液50μL,质量分数为1%的BSA100μL,pH值为8.0的0.2 mol/L PBS缓冲液,配制成1 mL酶液,玻璃纤维素壳聚糖膜浸于此酶液4℃固定8 h.固定化酶的最适作用温度37℃,最适pH 8.0,能够重复利用4次以上,表明该固定化酶的稳定性较高.     

谷氨酸棒杆菌(Corynebacterium glutamicum)海藻糖合成酶的定点突变及其酶学性质研究

以已知晶体结构的Pseudomonas mesoacidophila MX-45菌株海藻酮糖合成酶（MutB）的晶体结构为模板,在SWISS-MODEL模建立谷氨酸棒杆菌（Corynebacterium glutamicum）海藻糖合成酶的立体结构,并对初始结构作能量优化,通过氨基酸序列比对,选择TreS-glu保守区内的氨基酸R245、D247、E289、F244和保守区外的氨基酸A288进行定点突变,并对突变酶F244C、F244L、F244W、F244Y、A288G、R245X、E289X、D247N、D247E进行纯化和酶学性质研究,比较突变子对酶活性和热稳定性的影响。结果表明,R245、E289突变为其它的19个氨基酸后酶活力全部丧失,D247E和D247N也丧失酶活,F244C、F244L、F244W、F244Y和A288G的比活力分别降低到TreS-glu的38%、24%、62%、64%和35%,A288突变成T288后没有酶活。与TreS-glu相比,F244C、F244W、A288G的Km值基本不变,F244L、F244Y对底物麦芽糖的亲和力降低,F244Y的最适反应温度和TreS-glu相同,均为27℃,而F244C、F244L、F244W和A288G的最适温度提高到32℃。与TreS-glu相比,突变酶的最适反应pH值均有所下降,其中F244C、F244Y和A288G的为7.5,比TreS-glu的8.0均下降了约0.5个单位,而F244L和F244W的为6.5,比TreS-glu的8.0均下降了近1.5个单位。与TreS-glu相比,突变酶的热稳定性均有不同程度提高,其中F244Y、F244W和A288G的Tm值比TreS-glu的提高约1℃,F244L提高约2℃,F244C提高了近4℃。     

Roles of Phe58 residue in stabilizing structure of cytochrome b5

To understand effect of (-stacking interactions between the side chain of aromatic amino acids and the porphyrin ring on structures and properties in cytochrome b5 (cyt b5), the Phe58 residue was mutated to tyrosine and tryptophan, respectively by site-directed mutagenesis. The denaturation of cyt b5 F58W and F58Y toward guanidine hydrochloride was examined by UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. The kinetics of heme transfer reactions between apo-myoglobin and the mutants were studied. The results indicated that the mutation of F58 residue for Y58 or W58 reduced the interaction between of peptide and the heme group, resulting in decrease of the Tm and Cm values of the proteins, increase of the heme transfer reaction rate, and shifts of the redox potential.     

Reforming of wiener index

Based on distance matrix W, the novel topological index WF is defined by the matrices X, W, L, as WF=XWL. Where X is a row matrix, which expresses the bonding characteristics between adjacent atoms; L is a column matrix expressing the characteristic of vertexes in molecules; W is a distanee matrix, which expresses the chemical environment of the atoms in the molecule, the properties, the chemical environments and the interaetion of the vertexes in a molecule are taken into account in this definition. Hence the application of the index WF to multiple bonds and heteroatomcontaining orgarlic systems or inorganic systems is possible. Good correlation coefficients are achieved not only in the prediction of the standard formation enthalpy of methyl halides, titanium halides, but also the retention index of gas chromatography of the hydrocarbons.     

模李超代数W(m,n,t)的结构和性质

讨论了素域F(charF>2)上的Cartan型模李超代数W(m,n,t)作为W(m,t)的模的结构及其子模的一些性质.通过对W(m,n,t)的分解得到其W(m,t)子模的直和分解.这些子模中一些是同构W(m,t)的不可约模,其他的是相互之间同构的不可分解模.最后依据W(m,t)对其环面子代数的根空间分解,计算了W(m,n,t)的特征标公式.     

爱玉子瘦果的营养成分研究

以福建省爱玉子雌性品系W13的瘦果为试验材料,对爱玉子瘦果的主要营养成分进行分析,结果表明:瘦果果肉的果胶质量分数高达36.29%,膳食纤维质量分数达42.35%,总糖质量分数为23.82%,蛋白质质量分数为3.74%,总黄酮质量分数为3.14%,脂肪质量分数为2.72%,同时维生素、矿质元素极为丰富,是开发低脂低热保健饮品的理想材料.对福建省24个爱玉子雌性品系的瘦果果胶含量进行测定,结果表明:大洋T84品系瘦果的果胶质量分数最高,与其他品系比较差异达到极显著水平,果胶质量分数明显较高的品系还有:W13、新25、红9、旗原F1.     

通过热力学与电学的类比加深对于熵的理解

恰当地开展分支学科之间的类比是理解物理学的一条有效途径。在借鉴电荷概念引入热荷概念之后,继而直接将熵定义为热荷量,使之成为一个通俗易懂的物理量。以此为基础,在电流与熵流的连续性、驱动力,以及它们与能流之间的关系和电流与熵流在流动过程中的熵产生等方面对热力学与电学进行了较为全面的类比。这样不仅能凸显出热力学与电学的一些基本物理过程之间的相似性或共性,以及客观世界的内在和谐性,而且能更加鲜明地反衬出它们之间的差异即各自的个性,从而加深对于熵的理解。     

Roles of Phe58 residue in stabilizing structure of cytochrome b<Subscript>5</Subscript>

To understand effect of π-stacking interactions between the side chain of aromatic amino acids and the porphyrin ring on structures and properties in cytochrome b₅ (cyt b₅), the Phe58 residue was mutated to tyrosine and tryptophan, respectively by site-directed mutagenesis. The denaturation of cyt b₅ F58W and F58Y toward guanidine hydrochloride was examined by UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopy. The kinetics of heme transfer reactions between apo-myoglobin and the mutants were studied. The results indicated that the mutation of F58 residue for Y58 or W58 reduced the interaction between of peptide and the heme group, resulting in decrease of the T _m and C _m values of the proteins, increase of the heme transfer reaction rate, and shifts of the redox potential.     

Study on the DME-cytochrome<Emphasis Type="Italic">b</Emphasis><Subscript>5</Subscript> and its mutants at site of F58

Phenylalanine-58 is one of the conservative residues in the hydrophobic pocket of Cyt bs, which forms aromatic stacking with the heme b. Previous study showed that both the stacking and the property of the aromatic residue affect hydrophobicity of the heme pocket, leading to change of protein‘s property. In order to further reveal the essence we esterify the heme propionate of Cyt bs, F58Y and F58W, and eliminate the hydrogen bond between heme propionate and Ser64 in examining the effect of hydrogen net on the π-π interaction. In this paper thermal denaturation of DME-Cyt b5 and its F58Y and F58W mutants has been studied by UV-visible and CD spectra. The heme transfer reactions between these proteins and apo-myoglobin have been studied as well. The results demonstrate that esterification did not destroy the aromatic stacking; however, it affects the stability of the proteins due to different volumes, hydropho-bicities and hydrogen bonds forming ability of these substituents.     

远志、茯苓煎剂对小鼠空间学习记忆障碍的影响

目的观察远志、茯苓煎剂(Polygala tenuifolia and Poria cocos decoction,DPP)对戊巴比妥钠所致空间方向辨别障碍模型小鼠行为学的影响,并探讨其可能的作用机制.方法应用Morris水迷宫观察DPP对戊巴比妥钠所致的空间方向辨别障碍模型小鼠的影响,并测定其血清乙酰胆碱酯酶的含量.结果 DPP能缩短模型小鼠在定位航行实验中找到平台的潜伏期;缩短在空间探索实验中第一次到达平台的时间,并增加穿越平台的次数;DPP还能有效降低模型小鼠血清中乙酰胆碱酯酶的含量.结论 DPP能改善戊巴比妥钠所致的小鼠空间方向辨别障碍,改善空间方向辨别障碍小鼠的学习记忆能力;DPP可降低小鼠脑内乙酰胆碱酯酶活性,提示其可能通过抑制胆碱酯酶提高脑内乙酰胆碱水平而发挥改善学习记忆的作用.