多种活检在周围型肺癌诊断中的应用

目的研究CT引导下经皮肺活检（CT-PLB）与经支气管镜肺活检（TBLB）或经支气管针吸活检（TBNA）在周围型肺癌诊断中的应用。方法对143例周围型肺癌患者的诊断方法进行分析,其中137例通过单用或联合采用CT-PLB、TBLB、TBNA等检查手段取得病理学诊断,6例为术后病理学诊断。结果 CT-PLB确诊率为85.4%,TBLB确诊率为68.4%,TBNA确诊率为80%,联合应用总确诊率为95.8%。结论对于肺周围型病变,根据病灶大小、位置、与胸壁距离、有否纵隔淋巴结转移等具体情况选择合适的活检方式可取得病理学诊断,多种方法联合应用可提高检出率。     

经电子支气管镜肺活检对周围型肺癌的诊断价值

目的 探讨经电子支气管镜肺活组织检查术对周围型肺癌的诊断价值。方法 对胸片及胸部CT片发现有周围性病灶，而支气管镜常规检查无法观察到病变的疑似周围型肺癌患者53例行经电子支气管镜下肺活检。结果 确诊周围型肺癌37例（69．8％），其中腺癌23例，鳞癌10例，小细胞未分化癌4例；肺良性病变7例，包括非特异性炎症3例1结核4例；阴性9例；总确诊率83．O％。结论 经电子支气管镜对周围型肺癌肺活检方法安全易行，并发症少，能显著提高周围型肺癌的诊断阳性率，     

CT引导下经皮肺活检的临床应用

目的探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对肺部周围型病变的诊断价值。方法对痰细胞学阴性及纤维支气管镜不能确诊的58例肺部周围型病变患者，在胸部CT定位下，用活检针经皮肺穿刺活检取材，行病理学诊断。结果58例患者的诊断阳性率为94．8％（55／58），阴性率5．2％（3／58），术后气胸7例，小量咯血2例。结论CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检是一种安全的检查手段，对周围型肺部病变具有较高的诊断价值。     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检对肺周围结节的诊断价值

目的:探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术对肺周围结节诊断的临床价值。方法:对172例肺周围结节患者在CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检,获取组织标本行病理学、细胞学及细菌学检查。结果:本组研究共获得172例病例标本,CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检诊断为肺癌105例(腺癌61例、鳞癌32例、小细胞癌7例、未分化型肺癌5例)、炎性假瘤32例、结核球22例、肺脓肿7例、霉菌球2例、机化性肺炎2例、正常肺组织2例。其中26例诊断为肺癌的患者经手术切除(腺癌17例、鳞癌9例)与穿刺病理结果相符。穿刺后并发气胸8例(4.65%),咯血28例(16.27%)、其中大咯血2例(1.16%)。结论:CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术在肺周围结节的诊断中阳性率高,相对安全,具有较高临床诊断及应用价值。     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检38例临床分析

目的探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术的临床应用。方法对38例经影像检查提示周围型肿块的患者,在CT引导下行经皮肺穿刺活检术。结果病理明确诊断肺癌31例,肺结核2例,肺部炎症3例,2例取出物为坏死组织,未能做出诊断;诊断检出率94．7％（36／38）。并发症中气胸4例,痰中带血3例,未出现肿瘤针道种植。结论CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术定位准确,诊断率高,并发症少,操作安全,是一种值得广泛推广的肺部疾病诊断技术。     

多种技术联合应用对肺癌诊断的临床价值

目的评价多种技术联合应用对肺癌诊断的临床价值。方法 884例痰脱落细胞学、细菌学、常规支气管镜等检查均无阳性发现的疑似肺癌的患者行经支气管镜针吸活检术（TBNA）和活检刷检、经支气管镜超声引导针吸活检术（EBUS-TB-NA）、纵隔镜、超声或CT引导经皮肺穿刺活检术、PET-CT和内科电子胸腔镜胸膜活检术。结果 215例患者TBNA、刷检、活检的阳性率分别为81.58%、29.47%和16.84%。15例EBUS-TBNA的阳性率为91.67%,20例超声或CT引导经皮肺穿刺活检术阳性率为65%,10例PET-CT阳性率为80%,628例患者胸腔镜检查的总体阳性率为94.6%。结论多种技术联合应用可明显提高肺癌的早期诊断率。     

CT引导下肺穿刺活检对肺周围结节的诊断价值

目的 探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术对肺周围结节诊断的临床价值。 方法 对2010年1月-2015年12月期间在本院172例肺周围结节住院患者在CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活获取组织标本行病理学、细胞学及细菌学检查。 结果 本组研究共获得172病例标本，包括男性108例，女性63例，年龄21～83岁,平均年46.7龄岁。172例CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检诊断为肺癌105例（腺癌61例、鳞癌32例、小细胞癌7例、未分型肺癌5例）、炎性假瘤32例、结核球22例、肺脓肿7例、霉菌球2例、机化性肺炎2例、正常肺组织2例。其中26例诊断为肺癌的患者经手术切除（腺癌17例、鳞癌9例）与穿刺病理结果相符。穿刺后并发症气胸8例（4.65%），咯血28例（16.27%）、其中大咯血2例（1.16%）。 结论 CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术在肺周围结节的诊断中阳性率高，相对安全，具有较高临床诊断及应用价值。     

不同肺活检方法诊断肺癌的价值比较

目的对比分析3种肺活检不同方法在疑似肺癌中诊断中的价值和利弊。方法门诊及住院患者经肺部X线照片和CT检查结果诊断为肺部块影而疑似肺癌的患者78例,分别应用经支气管镜肺活检(TBLB)、CT下经皮肺活检、外科肺活检进行检查,对病理的及临床资料进行对比分析。结果报道78例疑似肺癌患者,诊断率为46.15%。TBLB术确诊率为39.5%,外科肺活检术确诊率为91.7%。CT下经皮肺活检术确诊率为35.7%。而Ⅰ～ⅢA检出率为34.6%。并发症发生率依次为外科肺活检、CT引导下肺活检、TBLB。结论 TBLB是诊断肺癌的首选确诊手段,其优点为阳性率高、费用低、并发症小,有利于肺癌的鉴别诊断和分期,而位于周边型肺癌应首选CT下经皮肺活检,对于其他未能确诊且疑难肺部肿块者宜选用外科肺活检。     

CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术86例体会

目的探讨CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术的临床应用。方法采用Dltrazcul型18G软组织切割活检针在SEMENS64排螺旋CT引导下对86例肺周围病变患者行经皮肺穿刺活检术。结果86例经皮肺穿刺活检后经病理诊断明确83例,诊断率为93％;术后发生气胸3例、肺出血5例、咳血4例,经对症治疗后均痊愈。结论CT引导下经皮肺穿刺活检术确诊率高,创伤小。     

胸腔镜在非小细胞肺癌TNM分期的临床应用

目的 探讨胸腔镜在非小细胞肺癌TNM分期的临床应用.方法 本组61例手术前诊断的非小细胞肺癌,3例患者术前诊断Ⅳ期,选择化疗.其余58例应用电视胸腔镜(VATS)进行胸腔内淋巴结活检并术中送冰冻病理,进行术中分期,相应采取胸腔镜手术,胸腔镜辅助小切口肺叶切除,胸腔镜辅助开胸手术.对病理类型、淋巴结清除总数、淋巴结病理阳性数、术前术后TNM分期等指标进行观察和分析.结果 58例行VATS手术检查:胸腔镜微创手术2例;VATS小切口肺叶切除34例;VATS辅助全肺切除18例;VATS辅助袖式切除4例.术中共活检淋巴结数目139枚,病理阳性数目39枚.术前术后的TNM分期存在显著性差异(P＜0.01).结论 术前胸腔镜胸内淋巴结活检,可进行术中分期,能正确选择治疗对策.在肺癌的诊断治疗中是一种更准确的补充手段.     

Complete video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy of the left lower lobe and lung lymph node dissection

We describe herein a case of complete video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy of the left lower lobe and lung lymph node dissection. The patient was a 67-year-old man. A physical examination revealed a nodule in the left lower lobe that had been present for 7 years. According to the chest computed tomography (CT) report recently, a diagnosis of lung cancer was not excluded. Due to the surgical indications, he was underwent complete video-assisted thoracoscopic lobectomy of the left lower lobe and lung lymph node dissection. The frozen pathology report was consistent with adenocarcinoma. He recovered smoothly, without any perioperative complications.     

Surgical biopsy: its appropriateness in diagnosing interstitial lung disease

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Our goal is to update advances in the use of surgical lung biopsy in the idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. We discuss an approach for identifying patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias who may benefit from surgical lung biopsy, newer surgical approaches and complications and risks of surgery. RECENT FINDINGS: A consensus statement on idiopathic interstitial pneumonias has described the natural history and response to therapy of idiopathic interstitial pneumonias. The statement discussed selection of patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonias for surgical lung biopsy and avoidance of unneeded biopsy, particularly for patients with 'classical' radiographic findings of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy continues to be the standard procedure for surgical lung biopsy. Newer approaches have used outpatient surgery for selected patients, earlier removal of chest tubes and modifications of surgical technique. At-risk patients include those with respiratory failure, rapid progression of disease, pulmonary hypertension and advanced disease. SUMMARY: Standard video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy should be considered in patients with interstitial lung diseases of unknown cause who have a subacute course, ground-glass opacities on high-resolution computed tomography or features atypical for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, as these patients may respond to therapy. A step-wise process for selection of patients for surgical lung biopsy is recommended.     

Elective video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy for interstitial lung disease

Lung biopsy is often required for the definitive subtype classification of interstitial lung disease. The video-assisted thoracoscopic approach has been advocated as an alternative to standard open lung biopsy because it is less invasive; however, whether it makes a positive contribution to treatment strategy remains contentious. We investigated the safety and efficacy of the video-assisted approach in a retrospective review of 30 consecutive patients who underwent the procedure in an elective setting after being diagnosed with interstitial lung disease by chest radiography and computed tomography. The mean age of the patients was 56.7 years. The preoperative vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in 1 second were 80.0% and 83.6%, respectively. There was no operative mortality, but 2 cases of respiratory failure and 1 of prolonged air leak occurred. The diagnostic yield was 100%, and treatment was changed in 57% of the cases as a result of the histological diagnosis. The rate of treatment change was higher for patients with nonspecific interstitial pneumonia than for those with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. We conclude that video-assisted biopsy is effective in the subtyping of interstitial lung disease and is a safe procedure when performed electively at the early stage of the disease.     

Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery right upper lobectomy with systematic lymphadenectomy in a semiprone position

A 53-year-old male smoker was referred to our hospital with an enlarged lesion in the right upper lung. Computed tomography (CT) showed a 1.5 cm solid lesion with pleural indentation in the right upper lobe adjacent to the oblique fissure. The preoperative clinical diagnosis was stage I primary lung cancer. Uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) right upper lobectomy in a semiprone position was performed in this case. Frozen section examination confirmed the diagnosis of lung adenocarcinoma, and systematic lymphadenectomy was then performed. A chest tube was placed at the posterior part of the incision through the dorsal thoracic cavity to the apex. The postoperative pathologic diagnosis was T2aN0M0 adenocarcinoma.     

A case of pulmonary tumor embolism presenting with an initial manifestation of urothelial carcinoma]

A 64-year-old man presented with fever, chest pain, and bloody sputum. Chest computed tomography showed multiple, irregularly shaped infiltrative shadows in the subpleural regions of both lung fields. Out of the 6 sputum cytology specimens, only one specimen suggested malignancy. Furthermore, no malignant cells were detected in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. A video-assisted lung biopsy yielded a diagnosis of pulmonary tumor embolism was made. The primary lesion of this pulmonary metastatic cancer was urothelial carcinoma, which was not detected by contrast-enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen. This case is particularly unusual because it is difficult to establish an ante-mortem diagnosis of pulmonary tumor embolism, and there have been only a few previous reports regarding pulmonary tumor embolism from a urothelial tumor.     

A case of pulmonary embolic metastasis of choriocarcinoma presenting with multiple pulmonary infiltrative shadows]

A 34-year-old woman visited our hospital complaining of dry cough. Chest radiography and computed tomography showed bilateral multiple infiltrative shadows over the lung field. After an initial diagnosis of pneumonia, antibiotics were administered, but the therapy failed to improve the symptoms and abnormalities observed on the chest radiograph. The patient was then admitted to our hospital. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was slightly bloody, but we were not able to make any specific findings in BALF. In order to confirm the pathological diagnosis, video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy was performed aiming at the right middle and lower lobes. There were bleeding pulmonary infarctions in a biopsy specimen from the right middle lobe. Atypical cells positive for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) proliferated in the pulmonary arteries, and so a diagnosis of pulmonary embolic metastasis of choriocarcinoma was made. After the diagnosis, it became clear that urine and serum hCG values were very high. The patient has since received systemic chemotherapy in the gynecology unit at our hospital. Pulmonary embolic metastasis of choriocarcinoma diagnosed by video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy has never been reported in the literature. However, early hCG measurement may have detected this syndrome in the earlier stages, and pulmonary metastasis of choriocarcinoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of women with past pregnancy presenting with intractable multiple pulmonary shadows.     

Combined percutaneous lung biopsy and high-resolution computed tomography in the diagnosis and management of lung disease in children

Computed tomography-guided percutaneous lung biopsy is a well-recognized procedure for obtaining tissue for diagnosis in adults with interstitial lung diseases. Recently this methodology has been extended to pediatric practice. We have further refined this technique by employing high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) under general anesthesia to obtain maximum anatomical detail. High-quality images are obtained that accurately define the extent of disease, and percutaneous biopsies are then taken from a suitable area of radiological abnormality using an 18G Monopty needle. Twenty-six investigations have been performed on 24 patients. The diagnosis was established from 14 biopsies, and histological and/or radiological information that contributed to patient management was obtained from a further 4 procedures. In 4 patients the histological findings were inconclusive, and the final diagnosis was only confirmed by open lung biopsy and/or other investigations. The procedure was generally well tolerated, although chest drainage for pneumothorax was required in two patients. HRCT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy is a useful initial approach to the diagnosis of interstitial lung disease in selected patients; the necessity of more invasive procedures such as open, thoracoscopic, or transbronchial lung biopsy can thus generally be avoided. Pediatr Pulmonol. 1996; 22:111–116. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Tuberous sclerosis complex complicated by pulmonary multinodular shadows

A 41-year-old woman with a history of epilepsy was referred for multiple nodular ground-glass opacities on a chest computed tomography (CT) scan. They were initially suspected of representing atypical adenomatous hyperplasia or well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. However, the subsequent brain CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans revealed a coarse nodular calcification and cortical tubers. A subungual fibroma was also noted. Histological examination of a video-assisted thoracoscopic lung biopsy specimen disclosed multiple nodules of type II pneumocyte hyperplasia with septal thickening. Based on all of these findings taken together, a diagnosis of tuberous sclerosis complex with multifocal micronodular pneumocyte hyperplasia (MMPH) was made.     

A pregnant woman with complications of lymphangioleiomyomatosis and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

A pregnant 26-year-old woman developed hemosputum, dyspnea and pneumothorax. Lymphangioleiomyomatosis was suspected based on multiple cystic lesions on chest computed tomography. Additionally, moderate thrombocytopenia occurred during the last trimester. Hyperplasia of megakaryocytes in a bone marrow specimen and a high serum titer of platelet-associated IgG led to a diagnosis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. High-dose intravenous gammaglobulin promptly restored her platelet count, and the patient successfully gave birth to a healthy baby by cesarean section. After delivery, lymphangioleiomyomatosis was diagnosed by lung biopsy that was obtained during a video-assisted thoracoscopic abscission for recurrent pneumothorax. Underlying lymphangioleiomyomatosis and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura may be obviated by pregnancy.     

Right thoracotomy for carinal resection with left thoracoscopic pneumonectomy as a new approach for left sleeve pneumonectomy: a case report

A 43-year-old woman, with a history of asthma that had been treated for the previous 3 years, was diagnosed with an endobronchial tumor, based on chest computed tomography. A biopsy proved the tumor to be adenoid cystic carcinoma. For carinal involvement and submucosal extension in the left main bronchus, rigid bronchoscopy was done to maintain airway patency, and then a left sleeve pneumonectomy was done via a right thoracotomy and left video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The distance between the tumor-free left main bronchus and the carina was large; therefore, preservation of the left lung would have compromised the healing of the carinal tracheobronchoplasty and led to life-threatening complications. This case revealed that endobronchial lesions should be highly suspected after treatment for asthma fails. It also highlighted that, because the carina naturally deviates to the right, combined right thoracotomy and left video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for left sleeve pneumonectomy provides an anatomical advantage for carinal tracheobronchoplasty. Furthermore, the combination reduces the postoperative physiological burden that could be caused by bilateral thoracotomy.