人蛔虫、猪蛔虫和犬弓蛔虫蛋白质聚丙烯酰胺凝胶板状电泳比较

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶垂直板状电泳对人肠道蛔虫、人胆道蛔虫、猪蛔虫和犬弓蛔虫的蛋白质进行了比较。结果表明:人肠道蛔虫、人胆道蛔虫和猪蛔虫蛋白质的电泳区带没有明显区别,而犬弓蛔虫与人肠道蛔虫、人胆道蛔虫和猪蛔虫蛋白质的电泳区带却有明显区别。     

人蛔虫、猪蛔虫及犬弓蛔虫成虫氨基酸含量的比较研究

作者对犬弓蛔虫、人肠道蛔虫、人胆道蛔虫及猪肠道蛔虫的17种氨基酸含量进行了测定和比较研究,观察到犬弓蛔虫雌虫与人、猪蛔虫雌虫的精氨酸和组氨酸含量差异有显著性。人肠道蛔虫和人胆道蛔虫与猪肠道蛔虫之间,无论雌虫或雄虫,17种氨基酸含量差异均无显著性。本结果与犬弓蛔虫和人、猪蛔虫在分类上属于不同的属,在形态上有显著区别,以及人蛔虫和猪蛔虫在形态上无明显差异的报告一致。建议以此作为鉴定蛔虫种属的生化依据之一。     

小儿蛔虫性急腹症326例临床分析

蛔虫性急腹症临床常见。我院１９８０至１９９３年共收治蛔虫性急腹症３２６例，居同期小儿急腹症的第４位。３２６例中蛔虫性肠梗阻１３８例，胆道蛔虫病１７３例，蛔虫性阑尾炎１２例，胰管蛔虫３例。手术治疗４１例，非手术治疗２８５例，全部病人均痊愈出院。本文重点对小儿蛔虫性急腹症的临床特点，诊断及治疗进行讨论。     

Dogs and intestinal parasites: a public health problem.

The stools of 239 stray dogs were examined for intestinal parasites. Of the helminths found, Toxocara canis (43.5%), tapeworms (25.5%), Ascaris species (21.3%) and hookworms (12.5%) were the commonest. Of the protozoans found, Isospora species and Entamoeba coli were the most prevalent. An unusual feature of the present study was the finding of Ascaris species. The importance of the high prevalence of intestinal parasites in dogs, the close contact of humans with dogs' excreta and the possible role of this environmental pollution in the spread of human disease are discussed.     

1546例蛔虫性肠梗阻诊治体会

目的为了提高蛔虫性肠梗阻的诊治水平。方法回顾性总结24年间采用以姜蜜合剂、植物油和温盐水加阿托品滴肛为主的中西医结合法治疗蛔虫性肠梗阻1546例。结果98．71％非手术治愈，1．29％有合并症者中转手术。无1例死亡。结论力争尽早采用中西医结合非手术治疗。严密观察病情，如有手术指征，立即中转手术。     

三种革螨同工酶的比较研究

本文应用聚丙烯酰胺盘状电泳对格氏血厉螨、鼠颚毛厉螨和溜下盾螨的酯酶、乳酸脱氢酶和苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶进行了比较研究。结果显示格氏血厉螨、鼠颚毛厉螨和溜下盾螨的酯酶同工酶分别显带6、7、6条;乳酸脱氢酶同工酶为4、2、4条;苹果酸脱氢酶同工酶为6、3、6。所有的检测指标除出现的带数有差别外,其主带、迁移率及光密度扫描结果也各异,反映出三个种属间的差异。证明同工酶的检测对革螨虫种的鉴定、亲缘关系的探讨以及遗传变异的研究具有重要的意义。     

Musca domestica as a carrier of intestinal helminths in Calabar, Nigeria

A study was undertaken to examine the role of Musca domestica as a carrier of intestinal helminths in Calabar, Nigeria. A total of 5000 house-flies were collected from markets and residential areas and examined for helminthic parasites using centrifugation, dissection and direct smear methods. Four helminths were observed with the following frequency of infection on their external surfaces and gastrointestinal tracts respectively: Ascaris lumbricoides ova (0.20% and 0.81%), Strongyloides stercoralis ova/larvae (0.40% and 1.80%), Ancylostoma caninum ova/larvae (2.60% and 6.20%), Toxocara canis ova (2.40% and 2.11%). The public health significance of these findings are highlighted.     

感染犬弓首线虫鼠血清抗弓首线虫幼虫抗体和循环抗原检测

采用间接 ELISA 和双抗体夹心 ELISA 检测感染犬弓首线虫小鼠血清抗弓首线虫幼虫抗体和循环抗原。间接 ELISA 用犬弓首线虫幼虫排泄分泌抗原(TES-Ag)包板,二抗用辣根过氧化物酶标记的羊抗鼠 IgG。夹心 ELISA 用豚鼠抗 TES-Ag 的 IgG 包板,第二抗体用辣根过氧化物酶标记的兔抗TES-Ag 的 IgG。结果表明,感染后第1天血清循环抗原即为阳性,第15天血清抗体出现阳性,第87天实验结束时,血清抗体和循环抗原均是阳性。     

REGULATING FUNCTION OF COENZYMIZATION AND DECOENZYMIZATION OF THE LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOZYMES IN THE MOUSE TISSUES DURING HYPOXIA

Objective. To study the characteristics of changes of LDH enzyme patterns of mice under slight hypoxia.Methods. Mice treated with artificial hypoxia, various tissues were made for the test of LDH enzymatic activity by the specific staining technique. LDH (1 -5) relative percentage enzymatic activity (RPEA) were measured with CS-910 dual-wavelength thin layer chromatography scanner.Results. The RPEA of LDH isozymes of various tissues after slight hypoxia shifted to the isozymes LDH1 and LDH2, whose principal subunits are H subunits, and the RPEA of LDH,(H4), LDH2(H3M) increased, while RPEA of LDH5(M4) in various tissues decreased prominently except the cardiac muscle, and that of LDH4(HM3) decreased as well. After polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of the hypoxia treated cardiac muscle specimen was made, activity subbands originated regularly in the isozyme patterns of LDH, with the regularity of LDH1 (0 subband), LDH2 (0-1 subbands), LDH3 (0-2 subbands), LDH4 (1-3 subbands), LDH5 (2-4 subbands).     

苍山县中,小学生钩虫,蛔虫感染调查分析

对732份中、小学生的粪便标本,用粪便直接涂片法和饱和盐水漂浮法,进行了蛔虫卵和钩虫卵的检查。蛔虫和钩虫的感染率分别为49.2％和26.4％,与健康者对照,感染对儿童的发育和营养的影响,主要取决对感染度,轻度感染可无明显影响。     

STUDIES ON THE CONTROL OF FECAL-BORNE DISEASES IN NORTH CHINA VI. THE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ASCARIS LUMBRICOIDES IN AN URBAN POPULATION*

In the previous papers of this series (Winfield 1937, 1937 a, 1937 b) the general plan of this investigation and the results of studies on the epidemiology of Ascaris lumbricoides in a rural population have been presented. It was shown that in spite of unfavorable climatic factors which tend to hold ascaris in check, conditions within the household of the rural family are such as to make it possible for fairly heavy infesta- tions to be built up in a large percentage of the population. It was cmphasized Lhat direct contamination of the environment and not vege- tables (Winfield and Yao, 1937) seems to be the critical factor. Since life habits and sanitary conditions are soffiewhat different in the city from those characteristic of the country the study of the operation of these factors under urban conditions may be expected to throw light on their relative importance. In this paper are presented the results of such studies.     

冷冻割断的人蛔虫未受精卵的扫描电镜观察

用扫描电镜观察了冷冻割断的未受精蛔虫卵。在子宫末段虫卵最外层为子宫层,该层薄厚相差悬殊;子宫层内为卵黄层;卵黄层内为卵母细胞膜;卵内充满大、中、小三种颗粒,三种颗粒分布无趋向性。未受精卵无几丁质层及类脂层。在子宫起始段,虫卵除子宫层较薄而不均匀外,其他结构与子宫末段虫卵无明显差异。     

弓首蛔虫及狮弓蛔虫线粒体基因组nad4基因多态性研究

目的比较犬、猫常见蛔虫的线粒体DNA(mtDNA)中烟酰胺脱氢酶亚基Ⅳ基因(nad4)部分序列(pnad4),以期找出它们之间的序列差异和种群遗传关系。方法抽提61个弓首属蛔虫(包括犬弓首蛔虫、猫弓首蛔虫、马来西亚弓首蛔虫和犊弓首蛔虫)和狮弓蛔虫虫体的总DNA,用PCR方法扩增mtDNApnad4,然后用SSCP技术和DNA测序对序列进行分析研究。结果犬弓首蛔虫种群内pnad4的序列差异为1.17%,与猫弓首蛔虫、马来西亚弓首蛔虫、牛弓首蛔虫和狮弓蛔虫种间的平均序列差异分别为13.92%、16.48%、15.12%和20.32%。猫弓首蛔虫种群内pnad4的序列差异为1.00%,与马来西亚弓首蛔虫、牛弓首蛔虫、狮弓蛔虫平均序列差异分别是17.90%、13.55%和18.50%。马来西亚弓首蛔虫种群内pnad4序列差异为0.13%,与牛弓首蛔虫、狮弓蛔虫序列差异分别为13.50%和20.60%。结论犬弓首蛔虫不同地方虫株的pnad4有一定差异,猫弓首蛔虫种群内差异较小,马来西亚弓首蛔虫种群内差异很小。弓首属各虫种之间的差异以及与狮弓蛔虫的差异都较大。马来西亚弓首蛔虫pnad4序列与其它虫种差异都较大,证明它确为一独立种。pnad4序列是弓首蛔虫和狮弓蛔虫理想的种特异的遗传标记。     

人类宫颈癌LDH同工酶谱变化的观察

本文报道了20例人类宫颈鳞状上皮癌LDH同工酶谱变化的观察结果。实验发现痛组织LDH总活力为对照正常宫颈组织的8倍,LDH同工酶谱的变化是LDH_2和LDH_3减少,LDH_4和LDH_5增加,即H亚基减少,M亚基增加,除LDH_3减少外,所有变化均具有统计学意义。说明人类宫颈癌组织基因表达的调控发生了变化。     

粪尿分集式厕所的应用与防制肠道寄生虫病的研究

粪尿分集式厕所于1997年9月从瑞典引进中国，是一项改厕新技术，目前该型厕所已覆盖世界50多个国家，我国是其中之一。研究结果表明，该厕具有控制和降低人群肠道寄生虫感染率、不污染外环境、节水、防蝇及减少蝇密度的作用，能有效地杀灭猪蛔虫卵和人蛔虫卵，有较好的推广应用前景。推广应用时用户要严格按照建厕标准、规范管理的要求进行，同时注意粪便贮存的时间(6个月以上)、加草木灰等料保持粪坑干燥等条件，才能保证建造、使用该厕的真正意义。     

福建崇安岚谷地区卫氏并殖吸虫三种酶的同工酶初步分析

本文应用垂直平板型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE),对本省崇安岚谷地区的卫氏并殖吸虫成虫的苹果酸脱氢酶(MDH)、脂酶(EST)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)三种酶的同工酶谱进行初步分析。结果显示,MDH 有2条、3条和4条酶带的三种类型同工酶谱;EST 有1条和2条酶带的两种类型同工酶谱;LDH 仅有2条酶带的一种同工酶谱。这提示,该地区卫氏并殖吸虫种内存在一定程度的分化。     

单纯疱疹病毒感染对HEp-2细胞乳酸脱氢酶的影响

HSV-Ⅰ和HSV-Ⅱ感染HEp-2细胞后,以16小时乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活力的降低及24小时LDH活力的升高最明显,具统计学意义。用各型抗血清处理及紫外灭活后,HSV-Ⅰ和HSV-Ⅱ感染后不同时间HEp-2细胞的LDH活力明显下降,而且处理过的样本接种到HEp-2细胞上无细胞病变产生,说明LDH活力的变化与病毒感染有关。对LDH同工酶谱的分析表明,HSV-Ⅰ和HSV-Ⅱ感染均与HEp-2细胞LDH_3有关。     

Ascaris suum infection in calves. 3. Pathology

Gross changes in the lungs of Ascaris suum- infected calves consisted of atelectasis and hemorrhagic foci, edema and emphysema, frequently with bullae. Prominent microscopic lung lesions were edema and emphysema of the interlobular septa with large numbers of eosinophils within and around lymphatics, peribronchiolar lymphoid nodules and parasitic granulomas. Many of the microscopic features were consistent with those found in atypical interstitial pneumonia. Changes in the alveoli were atelectasis, the exudation of plasma proteins, mononuclear cells and eosinophils, and alveolar wall thickening. Lesions found later included fibrosis and fetalization of the alveolar walls. Plasma cells and neutrophils were not common. Challenge with Toxocara canis after sensitization with A. suum resulted in the lungs developing a few areas of atelectasis. Migration of T. canis to lungs of calves is slower than A. suum. A. suum larvae were always found in bronchi, bronchioles and alveoli of calves that died. Lesions were observed in the liver but not the kidney of A. suum infected calves; both lung and liver lesions tended to resolve with time.     

外周血白细胞核基质蛋白检测在造血系统恶性肿瘤中的应用

采用高盐抽提方法制备正常人、慢性粒细胞白血病、慢性淋巴细胞白血病及恶性组织细胞病患者外周血白细胞核基质蛋白，经ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧ电泳分析，发现不同来源的白细胞，其核基质蛋白表达存在显著差异，主要表现在分子量为２１０ＫＤ、１３５ＫＤ、１１ＫＤ、４６ＫＤ和２１ＫＤ的条带上。该方法简便，对于研究造血系统恶性肿瘤外周血白细胞核基质蛋白有显著意义。     

不同种属转移因子的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分析

不同批号人转移因子(TF-h)和猪转移因子;(TF-p)在聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳上均出现一条深色带,其电泳位置较为接近。此外,还可看到电泳位置基本相同的二条浅染色带,提示二种TF主要组成分子所带电荷及分子量都比较接近,这些不同分子带与转移因子生物活性的关系,有待进一步研究确定。