Users' Needs Lighting, Start-Up Power, Transportation, Mechanical Utilities, Heating, Refrigeration, and Production

The needs for emergency and standby power to enhance industrial and commercial power systems are frequently left wanting due to ignorance of the needs or of the systems available to satisfy the needs. This paper discusses various situations which require or desire emergency or standby power and mentions suitable systems for each application. The areas discussed include lighting, start-up power, transportation, mechanical utilities, heating, refrigeration, and production.     

光、城市、生活、未来……——世博轴及地下综合体工程艺术灯光景观

工程介绍 世博轴及地下综合体工程（简称世博轴）位于浦东世博园核心区。南起耀华路,跨雪野路、南环路、北环路、及浦明路,到滨江世博公园。     

Grades, Quizzes, Motivation, and Computers

The following paper describes the use of a simple FORTRAN computer program that may be used to determine course grades. The program is based on processing a set of IBM punched data cards. Each card contains the name of a student and all of his grades, including the final examination grade. The program may also be used to predict the final examination grade, based on previous quiz grades, and then, in turn, to predict the final course grade. It is thus possible to use this program periodically throughout the entire semester in order to provide the student, as well as the instructor, with a measure of his progress.     

A new soft-switched, thyristor-based, regenerative, quasi-resonant,current regulated inverter

A variety of soft-switching techniques have been proposed to reduce the switching losses and EMI problems that occur with higher switching frequencies in hard-switched converters. In this paper, a new, quasi-resonant, soft-switched, three-phase inverter is presented which uses 12 thyristors as the power electronic switches, and hence has potential for use in high-power applications. The converter is fully current-regulated, suitable for high-performance motor drive applications, and is capable of 4-quadrant operation to allow regeneration back into the DC supply. The operation and the control of the inverter are described in detail and simulation and experimental results are presented     

Dual-rotor, radial-flux, toroidally wound, permanent-magnet machines

A novel machine family-dual-rotor, radial-flux, toroidally wound, permanent-magnet (RFTPM) machines-is proposed in order to substantially improve machine torque density and efficiency. After the principles of operation, configurations, and features are discussed, the machine design and optimization guidelines are given. A prototype has been designed, built, and tested. The measured torque density of the prototype, which well matches the design value, is almost three times of that of the induction machine with the same power of 3 hp and speed. Meanwhile the efficiency is still kept high and the material cost is kept low by using ferrite magnets. Three novel approaches are proposed to reduce the cogging torque in the RFTPM machines, whose validity is verified by finite-element analysis results and experimental measurements.     

Industrial system grounding for power, static, lightning, andinstrumentation, practical applications

Practically every structural steel building erected for industrial use incorporates reinforcing steel bars installed in the concrete footings. This, without any additional effort, constitutes a grounding electrode. The quantity of electrodes is directly related to the building area. When the structural steel framework is erected and interconnected, these electrodes are also interconnected in a parallel arrangement. Similarly, high-voltage metal transmission towers are installed using a metal footing base embedded in a concrete filled hole. The four tower legs are effectively in parallel and offer an adequate low ground resistance such that additional electrodes are generally not required. This brings us to the main point: the reinforced concrete footings, reinforced concrete grade beams, and other reinforced concrete structures provide, with a little work, an effective, reliable, and cost attractive system grounding vehicle     

化合物、混合物、复合物

"化合物"(compound):它是由两种或两种以上的单质按一定比例用化学键(离子键、共价键)结合在一起构成的另一种物质,其组元元素已完全失去原来的性状.例如NaCl、CH4、MnFe2O4(锰铁氧体)等.还有一种化合物称为金属间化合物(intermetallics),它不是通过价键结合在一起的,顾名思义,它是金属原子彼此间形成的二元或多元化合物的总称.因此俗称合金.稀土永磁材料SmCo5、Sm2Co17和Nd2Fe14B即属于这类化合物.其中B是半金属.金属间化合物又可分为三类:电子金属间化合物(如CuZn、CuZn2)、配位多面体金属间化合物(如Fe-Cr、Laves相Cu2Mg)和电化学金属间化合物(如GaAs、GdS).为方便计,将轻原子(H、C、N、O)侵入金属晶格间构成的填隙型化合物(例如永磁材料Sm2Fe17Nx)也列入金属间化合物.     

黏合剂、粘结剂和粘接剂及其它

首先,必须指出,"黏"和"粘"两个字是有差别的:"黏"(nian),形容词;"粘"(zhan),动词.本来应是很容易区别的.但1998年版<现代汉语词典>说"粘nian①同黏",即"粘"是"黏"的异体字,于是又将两词搅混了.本文就正体字而言说一下与这两个字有关的术语.     

Java, Java, Java

Everyone is talking about Java. The driving force for this chatter is Java's simplicity and potential power. Java is programming language, and a language for the intranet and the World Wide Web (WWW). Java is a Write On one platform and Run on Many platforms (WORM) language. For network-friendly, platform-independent applications, Java (originally Oak) is an object oriented programming language. Java source code is compiled into a virtual machine code or bytecode. This makes the Java platform independent. It can be placed on a Web site, and executed on the client side on a PC-Intel, Mac, Motorola or UNIX-Solaris machine without recompiling. Sun Microsystems formally announced Java in May 1995. Java is the first language that has built-in capabilities for networking applications, in particular, creating dynamic Web pages. Java programs that run on the Internet Web pages are called applets. These applets are easily incorporated into Web pages. These applets are executed from homepages on remote Web sites. Java programs run interpretively on the client side. Java reduces development costs and speeds up the learning curve. Traditional client server development tools-such as Delphi, Power-Builder and Visual Basic-are losing ground to Java as a result. By the year-end of 1996, Java had moved ahead in use of both C and C++ and these application development tools     

Location, location, location

Ten or even five years ago sustainability was a concept alien to society and certainly manufacturing, but with the environment increasingly on the political agenda it is a model that is becoming all pervasive within manufacturing. For many manufacturing businesses, sustainability has been limited to ensuring that waste and effluent are controlled and that operations do not adversely affect the environment. Broader issues of industrial sustainability remain little understood and many companies need tools and techniques to assess and manage their own sustainability. However, the manufacturing industry is beginning to take a central role in delivering sustainable development through the more productive use of materials and natural resources. Many companies have started to realize that it is not just the increasingly punitive legal reprimands that they will suffer for flouting regulation. In the face of growing consumer pressure, it will ultimately be sales and profitability.     

A novel, compliant, four degree-of-freedom, robotic fingertipsensor

A novel, low-cost, compliant fingertip sensor for robotic gripper applications is presented. The fingertip sensor is intended for use in grippers where force feedback information is needed, such as in clean room or space applications where telerobotic operation is desired. The fingertip is approximately the size of the thumb of an adult male and is approximately as compliant as human flesh. The sensor was designed to optimize the sensitivity to four components of force/torque: the normal force, both tangential force terms, and the torque about the normal axis. Finite-element analysis was used to optimize the shape of the fingertip and the location/size of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film piezoelectric sensing elements. The design analysis and the experimental results from evaluation of the prototype robot fingertip sensors are presented     

Microgrids: Architectures,Controls, Protection,and Demonstration

Abstract—In the recent years, there has been a growing interest in the concept of microgrids to integrate distributed generation systems and to provide higher reliability for critical loads. Several microgrid demonstration projects have been implemented to investigate further and advance this emerging concept. This article provides a detailed review of microgrid systems. It describes different architectures, including AC, DC, and hybrid systems. Various microgrid components, including sources, converters, and loads, are illustrated. Microgrid management and controls are discussed, and a modified natural droop control is described in detail. Both physical layers and standard protocols are explained for communication in the microgrid structure. The unique protection complexities have been raised and discussed in the presence of distributed generations and bidirectional power flow. A demonstration of a military microgrid system at Fort Sill is illustrated, and the experiment of a typical microgrid operation scenario is provided.     

测试与测试设备

假如家电产品的部件,噪声水平,机械性能,致冷液泄漏没有经过测试,灾难性的结果将会产生。没有一个生产者愿意制造出不安全或质量差的家用电器。噪声在许多家用电器产品上（如吸尘器和洗碗机）对顾客起着重要的作用。福利戴公司（Ｆｒｉｇｉｄａｉｒ）将其“精洗系统”...