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为了改进钛基SnO2/Sb电极的电催化性能,采用高温热氧化法制备了Fe掺杂钛基SnO2/Sb 电极.采用SEM、EDX以及XRD等方法对所制备电极的表面形貌、元素组成及结构进行分析,并以苯酚为目标有机物,研究了所制备电极对有机污染物的电催化降解能力.结果表明,适量Fe的掺杂有利于晶粒细化和导电性的提高;但过量Fe的掺杂可能导致SnO2晶格的混乱程度增大,甚至使晶格破坏,从而使电极性能降低;掺杂0.5?的SnO2/Sb电极对苯酚的降解效果优于未掺杂Fe的电极;电解3 h后,苯酚去除率和化学需氧量(COD)去除率分别达到100.0%和92.0%. 相似文献
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通过水热法合成复合金属氧化物SnO_2/Fe_3O_4粒子电极,然后采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、磁滞回线等技术分别对粒子电极的晶体组分、形貌、元素组成和分子结构以及粒子电极的磁性特征进行表征。采用循环伏安法分析了三维电极系统的电化学性能,并进行了电催化氧化降解罗丹明B(RhB)的实验。结果表明,SnO_2/Fe_3O_4粒子电极负载稳定、导电性强、便于回收再利用,有利于电催化氧化降解反应。三维电极降解罗丹明B的析氧电流高于其他电极体系,电催化活性效果明显,90min内罗丹明B的降解率为100%、TOC去除率为83%,反应中产生的·OH是降解有机物的主要活性基。粒子电极在重复利用5次的情况下,对罗丹明B的降解率仍保持93%以上、TOC去除率保持在77%以上,具有稳定的电催化性能。 相似文献
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不锈钢基PbO2-WC-CeO2复合电极克服了传统钛基二氧化铅(DSA)电极基体易钝化、寿命短和成本高等缺点,以往对其电化学性能研究不多。采用复合电沉积方式在不锈钢基体上制备了PbO2-WC-CeO2复合电极,通过循环伏安曲线(CV)考察了复合电极的电沉积过程;通过X射线衍射(XRD)、能谱分析仪考察了复合电极的元素组成;通过扫描电镜(SEM)考察了复合电极的表面形貌变化;通过Tafel曲线、析氧曲线考察了电极掺杂前后的电化学性能变化。结果表明:WC和CeO2固体颗粒的加入使得PbO2电沉积过程发生了择优生长和晶粒细化,电极耐腐蚀性能提高,催化活性和节能性能变佳。 相似文献
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为了得到成本低、电催化活性高和稳定性强的锌电积用钛基二氧化铅电极,本文以聚苯胺热解碳氮(CN)作为钛基锡锑氧化物中间层的掺杂剂,继而沉积制备得到Ti/CN-SnO2-Sb2O3/α-PbO2-ZrO2/β-PbO2-TiO2(Ti/CN-PbO2)电极.用SEM、EDS对掺杂碳氮的锡锑氧化物层和Ti/CN-PbO2电极进行表面形貌观测和元素分析,采用循环伏安,阳极极化曲线和交流阻抗分析掺杂CN的锡锑氧化物层对Ti/CN-PbO2活性层电化学性能的影响,在30 ℃,150 g/L硫酸,50 g/L Zn2+电解液中进行电极强化寿命实验.结果表明,在锡锑氧化物的烧结过程中掺杂一定量的聚苯胺后,能够减轻氧化物层的龟裂现象,同时使得Ti/CN-PbO2电极表现出更好的电催化活性,Ti/CN-PbO2电极的加速寿命为925 h,为未掺杂CN的Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3/α-PbO2-ZrO2/β-PbO2-TiO2(Ti/PbO2)电极的2.5倍. 相似文献
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TiO2掺杂PbO2电极及其在电解法制臭氧中的应用研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了提高电极对臭氧生成反应的电催化活性,采用纳米复合电镀技术制备了TiO2改性PbO2电极.分别采用X射线衍射和X射线荧光光谱分析了其晶体结构和组分含量。将该电极用于电解法制备臭氧,并考察了电流密度、电镀极间距、电镀液pH值以及TiO2颗粒粒径对电极性能的影响.实验结果表明,改性后的PbO2电极使臭氧生成反应的电流效率由11.9%提高到了12.9%.电镀电流密度和电镀极间距的提高有利于提高电极催化活性.TiO2的掺杂会降低PbO2电极的晶胞粒径,有利于提高电极的电催化活性. 相似文献
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铈掺杂TiO2/Ti光电极制备及可见光下光电催化性能的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用阳极氧化法制备铈掺杂TiO2/Ti光电极,用SEM、XRD、XRF、XPS和UV/VIS/NIR对光电极的性能进行表征,并对其可见光照射下的光电催化性能进行了测试.研究结果表明:在成膜电压为160V,电流密度为100mA/cm^2,Ce(NO3)3浓度为960mg/L条件下制备的铈掺杂TiO2/Ti光电极在降解罗丹明B的实验中表现出良好的光电催化活性. 相似文献
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以氧化铈作掺杂添加剂,通过对玻璃熔窑用二氧化锡电极掺杂一定量的氧化铈,分析电极的力学性能和微观结构,结果表明,氧化铈对二氧化锡电极的抗折和增韧效果显著,一定程度上能促进SnO2晶相的形成和生长,使氧化锡晶体成三维生长,大大提高了电极的力学性能,同时对电极的导电性也有明显的效果. 相似文献
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《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2018,113(9):1488-1506
In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method. 相似文献
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Steffen Müller-Probandt 《材料科学与工程:中英文B版...》2018,(4):161-177
We associate a variety of innovations with the term "Industry 4.0". The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di... 相似文献
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A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils. 相似文献
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Janet Lang 《Materials and Manufacturing Processes》2017,32(7-8):857-866
ABSTRACTThe production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them. 相似文献
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Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production ex-factory inspection trade 《中国标准化(英文版)》2008,25(1):24-25
Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.…… 相似文献
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A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa. 相似文献
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S. K. Malhotra Paramanand Singh A. Thirunavukkarasu 《Materials and Manufacturing Processes》2006,21(7):652-657
Al2O3-ZrO2 nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness. 相似文献
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The end of over unit products of more than Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits beer wine yellow wine fruit syrup wine others cover over % of the national top-branded liquor products.…… 《中国标准化(英文版)》2008,25(1):30
The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.…… 相似文献
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Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster. 相似文献