一种用于声呐发射机的超级电容被动均压简易实用电路

超级电容器的性能不一致性会造成处于串联模式的电容组中个别电容器首先发生过压失效,进而加速整个储能组的失效。现有的均压电路一般工作在线性状态,电路也较复杂,不便于调试和生产。介绍了一种仅由5个元器件组成的简易、实用、高效的开关型被动均压电路,分析了其工作原理及均压特性。该电路在声呐发射机的储能电源中可长期使用,很好地保护了超级电容组。     

超级电容器用石墨烯极片的制备和性能

以石墨粉为原料,通过简便的氧化还原法制备了石墨烯。将石墨烯极片在有机电解液体系中组装成超级电容器。利用XRD、SEM对制备的石墨烯电极进行物相和形貌分析。采用恒电流充放电、循环伏安和交流阻抗对所制备超级电容器的电容性能进行了研究。结果表明,石墨烯电极超级电容器比天然石墨制备的超级电容器的比电容有了明显的提高;在电流密度为200mA/g,电压区间为1.25~2.5V下循环888次后比电容保持在45.5F/g,容量保持率在85.5%,表明石墨烯材料制备的电容器具有较好的充放电循环性能。     

超级电容器用石墨烯极片的制备和性能

以石墨粉为原料,通过简便的氧化还原法制备了石墨烯。将石墨烯极片在有机电解液体系中组装成超级电容器。利用XRD、SEM对制备的石墨烯电极进行物相和形貌分析。采用恒电流充放电、循环伏安和交流阻抗对所制备超级电容器的电容性能进行了研究。结果表明,石墨烯电极超级电容器比天然石墨制备的超级电容器的比电容有了明显的提高;在电流密度为200mA/g,电压区间为1.25~2.5V下循环888次后比电容保持在45.5F/g,容量保持率在85.5%,表明石墨烯材料制备的电容器具有较好的充放电循环性能。     

MnO2的机械化学法制备及其性能

采用机械化学法制备了MnO2粉体,研究了不同高锰酸钾与乙酸锰配比对产物结构与性能的影响.用X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜、BET等方法研究了产物的结构及形貌;用恒电流充放电方法考察了MnO2超级电容器在6 mol/L KOH电解液中的电容性能.结果表明,原料中乙酸锰含量增多,产物结晶度增大,颗粒粒径变小,但电极比电容却从504F/g减小到388 F/g;当高锰酸钾:乙酸锰摩尔配比为2:2和2:3时,所得产物超级电容器在200 mA/g电流,0～1 V范围,电极放电容量分别达到了504 F/g和516 F/g.放电过程中,MnO2超级电容器在不同电压范围表现出不同的电容特性:在1～0.67 V和0.4～0 V范围内主要为双电层电容,在0.67～0.4 V范围内主要是法拉第假电容.     

大豆分离蛋白膜基中性水相超级电容器的构筑EI北大核心CSCD

以三乙醇胺(TEA)为增塑剂,制备了一系列不同TEA含量的大豆分离蛋白(SPI)薄膜,并以改性SPI膜和商业膜为隔膜,以活性炭为电极材料,结合硫酸锂电解质,构筑了超级电容器单体器件,系统研究了各超级电容器的性能。研究结果表明,由改性SPI膜组装的超级电容器的电位窗口能够达到1.5V,且表现出优异的双电层电容特性。改性膜SPI/TEA-1.6组装的超级电容器EDLC-1.6有最高的单电极比电容,在1.0A/g电流密度下为113.44F/g,能量密度高达8.86(W·h)/kg,功率密度为7.84×10~2 W/kg,其电化学性能远优于由商业膜组装的超级电容器,且改性SPI薄膜具有良好的热稳定性及较好的离子传导性能。     

大豆分离蛋白膜基中性水相超级电容器的构筑

以三乙醇胺(TEA)为增塑剂,制备了一系列不同TEA含量的大豆分离蛋白(SPI)薄膜,并以改性SPI膜和商业膜为隔膜,以活性炭为电极材料,结合硫酸锂电解质,构筑了超级电容器单体器件,系统研究了各超级电容器的性能。研究结果表明,由改性SPI膜组装的超级电容器的电位窗口能够达到1.5V,且表现出优异的双电层电容特性。改性膜SPI/TEA-1.6组装的超级电容器EDLC-1.6有最高的单电极比电容,在1.0A/g电流密度下为113.44F/g,能量密度高达8.86(W·h)/kg,功率密度为7.84×10~2 W/kg,其电化学性能远优于由商业膜组装的超级电容器,且改性SPI薄膜具有良好的热稳定性及较好的离子传导性能。     

电化学阻抗解析多壁碳纳米管/活性炭的电化学性能

以石油焦为原料化学活化制得活性炭(Activated carbon,AC),在此AC中加入不同量的多壁碳纳米管(Multi-walled carbon nanotubes,MWCNTs)作为超级电容器电极材料.依据交流阻抗谱中阻抗与电容关系,区分有效容量和内阻造成的能量损失,评价了超级电容器的性能.结果表明:加入质量分数3％～15％ MWCNTs的AC电极,实部电容高于纯AC电极,虚部电容则随着MWCNTs添加量的增加而显著降低.且其实部电容分数随MWCNTs加入量的增加呈上升趋势,虚部电容分数则随MWCNTs加入量增加而降低.在AC电极中加入MWCNTs,在降低电极内阻的同时可有效提高超级电容器的储能效率,并降低弛豫时间,提高其频率特性,改善电容行为.     

基于锁相放大的超级电容内阻检测装置研究

超级电容模块组在使用时存在电压均衡问题,为保证其在使用的过程中的可靠性,安全性、延长超级电容的使用寿命,需对超级电容内阻进行检测。首先阐述了锁相放大的超级电容内阻测量原理,在此基础上设计了一种基于锁相放大的超级电容内阻测量电路,包括交流信号源电路、信号调理电路、锁相放大电路、低通滤波电路等。实验结果表明,超级电容内阻检测系统能有效地检测超级电容的内阻,其检测结果的重复性误差小于3%,达到了超级电容内阻检测的要求。     

插入型化合物作为超级电容器电极材料

制备了LiMn2O4、LiCoO2、LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2,并将其与活性炭按一定比例混合的复合物作为超级电容器的正极材料,采用X射线衍射、交流阻抗、循环伏安、恒流充放电等测试方法对电极材料和电容器的性能进行了测试.结果表明,当LiMn2O4或LiCoO2含量为50%时,二者与活性炭之间存在良好的协同作用,具有双电层电容和氧化还原准电容,电容器比容量可达到40.52F/g,电压可达到3V,电容性能优于单纯的活性炭或离子插入型化合物.     

聚合物电解质在超级电容器中的研究进展

便携式电子器件迅速发展,安全性能更高的聚合物电解质受到广泛关注。本文介绍了近些年应用于超级电容器的各类聚合物电解质,包括全固态聚合物电解质、凝胶聚合物电解质、多孔聚合物电解质、复合聚合物电解质以及能够提供赝电容的氧化还原聚合物电解质,并详细讨论了上述聚合物电解质的特点和研究进展。提出了发展宽电压窗口、高离子导电型、高机械强度、质轻且薄的有机复合凝胶聚合物电解质会是超级电容器电解质领域未来的发展趋势;综合性能优异的聚合物电解质将会在超级电容器等新能源领域发挥重要作用。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Synthesis of Alumina-Zirconia Nanocomposites by Solgel Process

Al₂O₃-ZrO₂ nanocomposites were developed starting with the solgel process. Composite alumina-zirconia nanopowders were synthesized from metallorganic precursors (Aluminium secondary butoxide and zirconium Iso propoxide) using the solgel process. The parameters affecting the synthesis—solvent, concentration of precursor, R/H ratio (i.e., dilution of water in solvent)—were varied as also the temperature and pH. BET and TEM were used to measure nanosize. Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and also qualitative optical absorption led to identical particle size estimate. The variation of process parameters was used to study the effect and interdependence of process parameters. Artificial Neural Networks was used to rigorously analyze the process. Although this led to confirmation of interdependence of parameters, the presence of a single overwhelming solvent variable was also established. Then the optimal process was used to synthesize more nanopowder. To produce bulk nanocomposite the nanopowders were sintered by varying the temperature and time period. The sintered lithoids were probed with a vickers hardness tester to measure elastic modulus, hardness, and fracture toughness. The results showed high elastic modulus, modest hardness, and very high fracture toughness.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Friction Stir Processing Strategies for Uniform Distribution of Reinforcement in a Surface Composite

Friction stir processing (FSP) is an important technique for preparing surface composites. Fabricating defect-free surface composites with uniform particle distribution by FSP is a challenging task. In this study, silicon carbide particles reinforced AA5083 alloy surface composites was fabricated using different FSP strategies including variation in process parameters, dual-tool processing and tool offset overlapping. Material flow of the processed material with reinforcement particles demonstrated that the distribution of particles was influenced by the stirring action of the probe as well as the extrusion of the plasticized material due to the movement of the tool. Process parameters, particularly rotational speed, showed a dominant influence on the distribution of silicon carbide particles.