物理化学实验课教学模式的改革与实践

分析了目前物理化学实验课的教学现状和教学中存在的主要问题,并对物理化学实验教学进行了改革和探索。改变了传统的实验教学模式,搭建了物理化学实验教学网络平台,增强了学生学习的主动性,提高了学生的实验效率和实验质量,培养了学生的创新意识和创新能力,收到了良好的教学效果。     

无功补偿装置扩容后的效益分析

介绍了电容补偿的原理,分析了陕西北元化工集团有限公司化工分公司供电系统的概况,提出了无功补偿的方式,总结了增加高压动态无功补偿装置后的改进效果:降低了电压,减少了电缆发热现象及电能、线路等损耗,提高了功率因数,并改造成根据功率因数自动切换,进而提高了设备的使用效率、供电效率和电路电压的稳定性,减少了对电网的冲击,改善了供电环境。     

整流机组节能技术改造总结

介绍了整流机组的技术改造内容。通过改造,提高了装备技术水平,简化了操作,提高了供电的平稳性和安全性;降低了电力损耗;节约了能源。     

氯化钾三效蒸发工艺

氯化钾采用三效蒸发,充分利用了热能,改变了沿用多年的落后工艺、降低了生产成本,为氯化钾生产开辟了新思路;自动控制系统的引用大大降低了工人的劳动负荷,且提高了操作的精度,使氯化钾生产首次实现自动化;三效蒸发系统的成功运行不仅降低了生产成本还为下游产品提供了优质充足的原料.     

《天然药物化学》实验教学改革与实践

通过引入先进的提取技术、色谱分离技术以及结构鉴定的光谱技术,节省了时间与化学试剂,提高了实验效率。鼓励学生参加创新性实验增加了学生的学习兴趣,拓宽了学生的专业视野,增强了学生的动手操作能力,培养了学生的创新能力,提升了学生的综合实力,取得了较好的教学效果。     

全钢子午线轮胎活络模的初步研究

研究了活络模具花纹块的各种加工方法，比较了各自的优缺点。对钢制活络模花纹块的热膨胀进行了计算。得出了多种规格花纹块间隙的变化规律。提出了一套较为合理的花纹块加工工艺，并对模具各运动面的磨损进行了分析．提出了解决方案，对导套加工提出了特殊要求。     

聚合硫酸铁合成中催化剂的研究

提出了ＮａＮＯ２是聚合硫酸铁合成中的有效催化剂的依据，对ＮａＮＯ２的应用条件进行了研究，改进了合成工艺，降低了催化剂的投加量，缩短了反应时间，选择了一种助催化剂，对于提高ＮａＮＯ２的催化效率取得了较满意的结果。     

焙烧炉燃烧系统油改天然气研究与应用

介绍了炭素焙烧炉燃烧系统由燃油改为天然气的过程,以及使用效果和效益分析,真正实现了清洁生产,达到了理想的节能效果,改善了工艺水平、降低了生产成本、提高了生产效率、净化了工作环境。     

螺旋滚筒洗煤机的改造

介绍了螺旋滚筒洗煤机的组成、结构,工艺流程及工作原理,针对存在的问题进行了分析,并采取了相应的技术改造。改造后经过长时间、多个洗煤厂的检验,解决了螺旋滚筒洗煤机存在的技术问题,提高了洗后煤的煤质,避免了矸石含煤并减少了跑货现象,增加了洗煤量及经济效益,使洗煤生产达到了正常。     

1万t/a异戊烯装置的设计与运行优化

对1万t/a异戊烯装置设计的优化项目进行了考察,验证了设计的有效性;分析了装置运行情况,提出了不同负荷下醚化操作的优化条件;优化了醚解催化剂的投用条件,减少了二甲醚的生成,降低了装置的甲醇单耗;控制异构化反应器的温度和叔戊醇含量,保证了2-甲基-1-丁烯的转化率,提高了产品中的2-甲基-2-丁烯的含量;异戊烯侧线出料口下方增加了1米填料后改善了产品的品质,降低了产品中其他组分的含量;装置的标定表明:装置能稳定运行,数据可靠,达到了设计指标。     

注入水腐蚀评价在油田开发水源选择中的应用

地层水与海水是海上注水开发油田的两类重要注入水水源。以A油田为例,结合区域内的地层水和海水特点,建立了海上油田注入水水源的选择方法和依据,并分析评价了不同水源对注水系统的腐蚀影响。研究结果表明,A油田如采用地层水为注入水源,存在硫化氢腐蚀风险,在满足细菌达标、溶解气达到行业标准的基础上,注水系统平均腐蚀速率低于行业标准,能够满足长期注水寿命要求;A油田如采用海水为注入水水源,存在盐和氧腐蚀问题,在满足细菌达标、溶解气达到行业标准的基础上,平均腐蚀速率仍高于行业标准。推荐该区域注入水水源采用地层水,并提出该水源条件下注水系统的腐蚀防护措施。     

Economic comparison of pressure driven membrane processes to electrically driven processes for use in hydraulic fracturing

Hydraulic fracturing has become a reliable source for oil and natural gas, yet widespread use has led to significant issues with water consumption and sustainable sourcing. Research into the reuse of produced water and flowback water have focused on mitigating water demand in this industry through membrane separation technology. In general, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis have been thought to be more economically viable for the treatment of produced and flowback water at high flowrates. However, electrodialysis and electrodeionization are generally more flexible for production of produced water and brackish water for reuse in fracturing operations when contaminant concentrations in produced water and flowback water are low. Electrodialysis and electrodeionization can also significantly reduce wastewater produced from water treatment, decreasing the amount of water that must be disposed by deep well injection. Thus, there are many cases where electrically driven processes compete well with pressure driven processes due to high water recovery and each case must be analyzed in terms of water quality variability and overall desired water treatment rate. This paper finds that at low ion concentration of inlet water, electrodialysis and electrodeionization are energy-efficient, cost-effective attractive technologies for water recovery.     

磷铵系统污水的利用

通过对磷铵系统生产用水、排放污水的平衡计算 ,将磷铵系统的污水用于湿法磷酸生产 ,实现了污水零排放 ,降低了水耗 ;并对污水治理过程中出现的问题进行分析 ,对污水的利用提出处理意见     

Biologische Denitrifikation nitrathaltiger Abwässer und Grundwässer

Biological denitrification of nitrate-containing waste water and ground water. The differing objectives serve to distinguish processes for the treatment of waste water and those for the production of drinking water. In waste water purification, frequent use is made of submerged reactors with deposition and recycling of bacteria. The carbon compounds required by the bacteria are either present in the water or have to be added. If the nitrogen is present as ammonium in the waste water, then there are several different ways of combining nitrification and denitrification reactors. In production of drinking water, both heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria are used. Since the bacteria are not allowed to enter the supply network, fixed reactors or other reactors with immobilised biomass are used. Sand bed filters are still necessary to retain compounds from the water after denitrification.     

过程工业水分配网络的研究进展

回顾了水分配网络的发展历程,介绍了水分配网络的用水网络和废水处理网络2个子系统的研究进展,阐述了图解方法、数学优化法等用水网络综合方法的发展状况,并对水分配网络设计中多杂质和热集成等方面的问题进行了展望。     

热轧板带浊环冷却水系统水处理运行实践

热轧厂的直接冷却水系统通常为浊环水系统,作者结合实际,有针对性地介绍了轧钢浊环水系统的水质特点、工艺、运行管理.分析论述了水处理效果,并根据存在的问题提出了改进措施及建议.     

PP-R给水管线性变形的预防措施

针对无规共聚聚丙烯(PP—R)给水管在给水工程应用中因线性膨胀变形而出现的质量问题，论述了PP—R的特性及PP—R给水管线性膨胀的原因，介绍了给水管道系统中PP—R给水管变形的计算方法以及给水管道安装施工中进行PP—R给水管材伸缩补偿的措施。     

沉水植物对水体净化效果的研究进展

文章综述了沉水植物对富营养化水体及其他受污水体中的N、P和有机物的去除,及对水体叶绿素a、溶解氧等影响的研究的进展,并分析沉水植物对其的去除率,沉水植物在水质改善和水体生态修复中较高的应用价值。同时指出沉水植物净化水质中存在的问题,展望了沉水植物净化水质的应用前景。     

Water shortage in Jordan — Sustainable solutions

The large environmental challenge that Jordan faces today is the scarcity of water. Definitely, water is the significant feature in the population/resource equation where water resources in Jordan are limited and the country's population has continued to rise. A high rate of natural population growth, combined with massive influxes of refugees, has transformed into an imbalance condition between population and water. Jordan's water resources are limited to support population in a sustainable manner. The situation has been intensified by the fact that Jordan shares most of its surface water resources with neighboring countries; their control on water has partially disallowed Jordan of its fair share of water. Current use of water already exceeds its renewable supply. The deficit is covered by the unsustainable practice of overdrawing highland aquifers, resulting in lowered water tables and declining water quality.This paper focuses on the water shortage in Jordan, the primarily evaluation of this problem and the solution is contemplate. A true foundation of sustainable water solution requires awareness upon the part of the population, and a number of governmental and non-governmental organizations are actively involved in educating the populace about water shortage. The more essential and “doable” elements of a sustainable water solutions were discussed in this research, these elements are standing under, the development of new supplies of water, water harvesting, desalination, reuse of wastewater in the agricultural sector and reduction of water demands.Moreover, this article presents specific recommendations addressing water resource shortage in the kingdom and highlighting the importance of conservation of water and discussing the basics of sustainable solution.     

Integrated water resource management through water reuse network design for clean production technology: State of the art

This article considers new and existing technologies for water reuse networks for water and wastewater minimization. For the systematic design of water reuse networks, the theory of the water pinch methodology and the mathematical optimization are described, which are proved to be effective in identifying water reuse opportunities. As alternative solutions, evolutionary solutions and stochastic design approaches to water system design are also illustrated. And the project work flow and an example in a real plant are examined. Finally, as development is in the forefront in process industries, this paper will also explore some research challenges encountered in this field such as simultaneous water and energy minimization, energy-pinch design, and eco-industrial parks (EIP).