一种新的拓扑无关的按需分配多信道自组网MAC协议

本文针对节点具有多个可用信通的自组网,提出了一种与拓扑无关的多信道MAC接入协议,协议采用按需预约的方式进行动态的信道分配,通过携带在信道预约消息中的节点邻居状态信息实现节点信道状态的更新。该协议所需信道数与网络的拓扑和度无关,克服了拓朴相关的多信道MAC协议不适用于节点密集的应用场合的问题。在协议开销增加很小的情况下,每个节点只需要一部半双工收发信机就能够实现在多个信道上高效的数据收发,不需要节点间的时钟同步,极大地降低了对网络节点设备的硬件要求,具有良好的应用前景。仿真结果表明,协议在网络总吞吐量、端到端时延等方面具有优良的性能。     

水声网络MAC层随机接入协议和握手协议研究

水声网络MAC协议决定了节点共享水声信道资源的方式,它直接影响到水声信道的利用率和网络的整体性能。本文基于OPNET平台,对随机接入型MAC协议和握手协议进行对比,并分析传输范围、网络拓扑结构和数据包的大小等因素对协议性能的影响。仿真结果表明,握手协议在情况复杂的水声环境中的性能优于随机接入协议。     

一种适用于自组网的多信道轮询多址MAC协议

本文针对节点具有多个可用信道的自组网,提出了一种基于令牌环的多信道轮询多址MAC协议,协议在控制信道上采用令牌轮询接入方式来实现节点公平接入信道,通过令牌的传递预约数据信道来实现动态按需分配信道的数据传输,并对该协议进行了性能分析。     

基于可变长时隙机制的水下传感器网络MAC协议

通过研究水声通信的特点,分析水下物体的运动特性,提出了一种基于可变长时隙机制的水下传感器网络MAC协议。新协议中,传感器节点会周期性获取邻居节点的位置信息,并根据节点间相互距离的变化自适应地调整信道预约时隙长度,当节点由于运动引起网络区域收缩,节点之间距离变小时,预约时隙长度变小,反之,时隙长度增大。可变长时隙机制,提高了信道时隙资源的利用率。仿真结果表明,动态环境下新协议相对现有的协议在有效网络吞吐量性能上提升15%左右。     

三维网络拓扑结构的水声传感器网络MAC协议

水声传感器网络Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network(UWASN)由于其广阔的应用前景,近年来逐渐被人们关注。然而由于水下环境的限制性,水声传感器网络具有其一些独特性。例如,与二维的陆地传感器网络不同,水声传感器网络是三维的。如今,现有的介质访问控制Medium Access Control(MAC)协议大多是针对二维无线传感网络,很少有基于三维水声传感器网络的 MAC 协议。针对水下三维网络,提出了基于三维网络拓扑结构的水声传感器网络 MAC 协议。该协议将网络中的节点生成树结构,并利用子节点与父节点之间的关系,通过动态节点算法实现三维动态的水声传感器网络。此外,详细分析了节点间的碰撞并有效解决各种碰撞,从而大大提高了信道利用率。通过仿真软件对比不同协议在同一网络拓扑中的实验结果,证实文中协议能够有效节约大量能源。     

Ad Hoc网络中多信道MAC协议研究

提出了一种新的用于Ad Hoc网络的多信道媒体接入控制(MAC)协议。此协议以跳频通信为基础,采用独立信道RTS-CTS"握手"机制,可有效解决信道接入控制中存在的一些问题。通过模拟仿真,对系统性能进行了分析。     

一种基于认知无线电的自组网多信道MAC协议

针对节点具有多个可用信道的自组网的信道资源利用率问题,提出了一种基于认知无线电的MAC接入协议,协议根据网络中节点的邻居关系,通过认知推理对两跳邻居范围内的不同网络节点分配不同的驻留信道,驻留信道的选择考虑了避免信道干扰和冲突,每个节点只需要两部半双工收发信机就能够实现在多个信道上高效的数据收发.仿真结果表明,协议在网络总吞吐量、端到端时延等方面具有优良的性能,能很好地适用于节点密集的应用场合.     

一种基于认知无线电的自组网多信道MAC协议

针对节点具有多个可用信道的自组网的信道资源利用率问题,提出了一种基于认知无线电的MAC接入协议.协议根据网络中节点的邻居关系,通过认知推理对两跳邻居范围内的不同网络节点分配不同的驻留信道.驻留信道的选择考虑了避免信道干扰和冲突,每个节点只需要两部半双工收发信机就能够实现在多个信道上高效的数据收发,同时只需很少的控制信息开销.仿真结果表明,协议在网络总吞吐量、端到端时延等方面具有优良的性能,能很好地适用于节点密集的应用场合.     

降低控制开销的太赫兹无线个域网双信道MAC协议

针对现有的太赫兹无线个域网双信道媒体访问控制(Medium Access Control, MAC)协议在节点需要双向通信时采用半双工通信方式和对于已通信过的节点再次通信且位置未发生改变时信息控制开销较大而影响网络性能的问题,提出一种低控制开销的太赫兹无线个域网双信道MAC协议(Low Control Overhead dual-channel MAC protocol, LCO-MAC).LCO-MAC协议通过在通信双方节点同时有向对方发送数据的需求时,采用点对点全双工通信机制通过一次信息控制帧的交互完成信道预约和自适应省略允许发送帧/测试帧机制,降低信息交互过程的控制开销,提高吞吐量来提升网络性能.仿真结果表明,与TAB-MAC协议和EF-MAC协议相比,本文所提出的协议信息控制开销降低了至少12.6%、网络吞吐量和信道利用率提升分别不少于11.3%和12%.     

基于进化博弈论的水声传感器网络介质访问控制协议

为降低水声传感器网络低带宽、高延迟的特性对介质访问控制(MAC)层性能的影响,提出一种基于进化博弈论的MAC协议。该协议中,每个传感器节点可以采用空间复用和时间复用两种策略,并利用复制动力学方程得到进化稳定策略,达到进化稳定均衡,提高信道利用率和数据传输效率,进而实现MAC协议的性能优化。仿真实验结果表明,与传统的水声传感器网络MAC协议相比,基于进化博弈论的MAC协议可以提高网络吞吐量以及数据包发送成功率。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.