脂多糖诱导血管内皮细胞凝血途径相关因子基因表达变化

目的：观察脂多糖(LPS)对脐静脉血管内皮细胞(HUVECs)表达组织因子(TF)、组织因子抑制物(TFPI)和凝血酶调节蛋白(TM)的影响。方法：应用胰酶消化HUVECs并进行传代培养，用生长良好的第2、3代细胞进行实验。同时应用CCK-8测定细胞在不同浓度的LPS(1-100 mg/L)处理前后细胞活性；应用反转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法检测细胞内TM、TF和TFPI mRNA水平。结果：浓度为10 mg/L的LPS对细胞活力与对照组相比没有显著差异。浓度为10 mg/L的LPS作用使HUVECs显著上调TF mRNA表达，6-24 h可以使细胞TFPI mRNA表达下调,以后渐恢复正常表达，72 h达到正常对照组水平，同时下调TM mRNA表达。结论：LPS(10 mg/L)对HUVECs的活性不造成直接的影响，可显著上调HUVECs的TF mRNA转录，抑制TFPI mRNA 的转录，而不改变TM mRNA的转录，这可能与LPS在感染过程中诱导血栓形成,血液凝固和DIC发生相关。     

MEK1/2在脂多糖诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞ICAM-1表达中的作用

目的：探讨MEK1/2在脂多糖诱导人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVECs）ICAM-1表达中的作用。 方法： 用不同浓度LPS或LPS加MEK1/2特异性抑制剂PD98059和HUVECs孵育不同时间后，分别采用RT-PCR和Western blotting检测ICAM-1 mRNA和蛋白的表达。 结果： LPS呈时间-浓度依赖性地上调HUVECs ICAM-1 mRNA和蛋白的表达。LPS预处理后2 h，HUVECs ICAM-1 mRNA和蛋白的表达即开始升高，LPS(100 μg·L-1)作用后6 h,ICAM-1 mRNA和蛋白的表达基本达到高峰；PD98059(10 μg·L-1)可显著抑制LPS(100 μg·L-1)诱导6 h的ICAM-1 mRNA和蛋白的表达，抑制率分别为54.4%和44.9%（P<0.01 vs LPS）。 结论： 调控MEK1/2通路可能为内毒素休克诱导血管内皮损伤的防治提供新的策略。     

褪黑素抑制白介素-1β诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞通透性

目的 观察褪黑素(MLT)对自介素-1B(IL-1β)诱导的内皮通透性改变的影响.方法 用不同浓度的IL-1β和MLT干预人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs).用Transwell系统检测透过单层HUVECs的荧光标记的葡聚糖.用免疫荧光和Western blot检测HUVECs钙黏素(VE-cadhefin)的表达.结果...     

天麻素抑制脂多糖诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞的自噬

目的 探讨天麻素(Gas)在脂多糖 (LPS) 诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞 ( HUVECs) 自噬中的作用。方法 用不同浓度的Gas(5、10、20、50μmol/L) 预处理 HUVECs 1h,再加入1mg/L LPS共培养 12 h后,分别提取细胞总蛋白及mRNA,采用 Western blotting 及 RT-PCR 检测 Beclin-1、ATG5 及 LC3的表达变化;采用丹酰尸胺( MDC) 染色检测细胞中自噬小体(autophagosome)的表达变化;采用MTT检测 HUVECs 生存率的变化。 结果 LPS 诱导 HUVECs 产生自噬;Gas 预处理后自噬水平明显降低且呈剂量依赖性;与此同时细胞的生存率明显增加。 结论 LPS诱导 HUVECs 产生自噬;Gas 通过抑制由LPS 诱导产生的自噬,提高 HUVECs 的生存率。     

E1A激活基因阻遏子促进人血管内皮细胞VEGF分泌和单层通透性增加

目的: 探讨E1A激活基因阻遏子(CREG)诱导的人血管内皮细胞(ECs)单层通透性改变中的作用及机制。方法: 用CREG过表达及CREG表达下调的ECs为模型,Transwell chamber弥散模型观察ECs单层通透性的改变; 荧光倒置显微镜观察细胞骨架肌动蛋白F-actin及黏附连接蛋白VE-cadherin在ECs中的分布和形态学改变;酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)检测ECs血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)分泌。结果: CREG过表达的ECs (EO组) 较EN组单层通透性明显增高 (P<0.05);CREG表达下调的ECs(ES组)较EN组单层通透性有所下降(P<0.05)。与EN组相比较,EO组细胞中F-actin排列紊乱,形成大量应力纤维; ES组F-actin则主要呈细丝状分布于细胞周边,中央分布较少。同时,EO组VE-cadherin在细胞周边的正常拉链状结构减少或缺失,细胞间隙增宽;而ES组VE-cadherin在细胞周边呈正常拉链状分布,细胞之间连接紧密。ELISA检测显示EO组细胞上清中VEGF分泌较EN组明显增加(P<0.05);ES组VEGF分泌较EN组减少(P<0.05)。应用VEGF中和抗体阻断后,CREG过表达引起的EO通透性增加的现象明显受到抑制。结论: CREG过表达可能通过VEGF介导的信号途径引起F-actin重构及VE-cadherin减少,使血管内皮细胞单层通透性增加。     

微小RNA-423-5p靶向乙醛脱氢酶2减轻脂多糖诱导的人脐静脉血管内皮细胞损伤

目的 探讨微小RNA-423-5p(miR-423-5p)对脂多糖（LPS）诱导血管内皮细胞损伤的保护及作用机制。方法 用1 mg/L LPS诱导人脐静脉血管内皮细胞（HUVECs）24 h,Real-time PCR和Western blotting检测细胞中miR-423-5p和乙醛脱氢酶2（ALDH2）的表达。通过转染anti-miR-423-5p和pcDNA-ALDH2下调miR-423-5p和上调ALDH2表达,流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率,Western blotting检测凋亡相关蛋白Bcl-2和Bax的表达,并用ELISA试剂盒检测LPS诱导后细胞上清液中白细胞介素6（IL-6）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）的含量;双荧光素酶报告系统验证miR-423-5p与ALDH2的调控关系。结果 与对照相比,LPS可诱导HUVECs凋亡和损伤,使HUVECs中miR-423-5p、Bax表达量及IL-6和TNF-α分泌量均显著升高（P<0.05）,ALDH2的mRNA和蛋白表达量及Bcl-2量显著降低（P<0.05）;下调mi-423-5p表达和过表达ALDH2均可减轻LPS诱导的HUVECs损伤并抑制细胞凋亡;miR-423-5p靶向负调控ALDH2的表达;抑制ALDH2表达逆转了下调miR-423-5p表达对LPS诱导的HUVECs损伤的作用。结论 下调miR-423-5p表达可靶向ALDH2减轻LPS对HUVECs的损伤并抑制细胞凋亡。     

重组梅毒螺旋体蛋白Tp47通过诱导uPA增加血管内皮细胞通透性

目的探讨重组梅毒螺旋体蛋白Tp47(rTpp47)对单核-巨噬细胞系THP-1合成尿激酶型纤溶酶原激活物(uPA)的调控及其对人脐静脉/血管内皮细胞(HUVECs)通透性的影响。方法用rTpp47刺激THP-1细胞24 h后,分别收集细胞培养上清和THP-1细胞,用ELISA和Western blot检测THP-1细胞表达的uPA含量;用THP-1细胞培养上清刺激人单层血管内皮细胞后,使用FITC-葡聚糖评价单层内皮细胞通透性的变化,用Western blot检测uPA对HUVECs细胞紧密连接蛋白claudin-5表达的影响以及PKC信号通路是否参与rTpp47诱导的THP-1细胞表达uPA。结果重组蛋白rTpp47刺激THP-1细胞合成和分泌的uPA显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.001);用rTpp47与THP-1细胞共培养24 h后收集的细胞培养上清刺激单层血管内皮细胞12和24 h,实验组血管内皮细胞相对通透性显著高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.000 1);uPA活性抑制剂阿米洛利(amiloride)抑制了rTpp47刺激THP-1细胞分泌...     

蛋白激酶C在脂多糖诱导内皮细胞β-1,4-半乳糖基转移酶-Ⅰ表达中的作用

目的 研究蛋白激酶c(PKC)对脂多糖(LPS)诱导内皮细胞β-1,4-半乳糖基转移酶-Ⅰ(β-1,4-galactosyltransferase-Ⅰ,β-1,4-GalT-Ⅰ)表达的调节作用,以及对内皮细胞骨架结构改变及其黏附能力的影响.方法 分别用PKC激动剂或几种不同类型的PKC抑制剂预处理人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVECs)30 min,LPS刺激HUVECs 4 h后,RT-PCR、Western blot方法 检测β-1,4一GalT-Ⅰ表达变化,细胞荧光染色观察β-1,4-GalT-Ⅰ催化的糖链表达变化及细胞骨架结构的改变,通过内皮-单核细胞黏附试验观察HUVECs黏附能力的改变.结果 几种不同类型的PKC抑制剂均能不同程度地抑制LPS刺激HUVECs引起的β-1,4-GalT-Ⅰ表达的上调,PKC激动剂能够使上调的β-1,4-GalT-Ⅰ的表达进一步增加;在HUVECs中β-1,4-GalT-Ⅰ与细胞骨架有共同定位,PKC抑制剂显著抑制LPS诱导的内皮细胞骨架蛋白的重构和β-1,4-GalT-Ⅰ细胞内的再分布;PKC抑制剂显著抑制LPS诱导的内皮-单核细胞黏附能力的上调.结论 PKC可能参与调节LPS诱导的HUVECs β-1,4-GalT-Ⅰ的表达,可能多种类型的PKC参与了这一调节过程;PKC可能通过对β-1,4-GalT-Ⅰ的调节进而影响炎症过程中内皮细胞骨架蛋白的重构及内皮细胞与单核细胞的黏附能力.     

蝮蛇毒血小板抑制因子减轻LPS诱导的内皮细胞损伤

目的:探讨蝮蛇毒血小板抑制因子(AHV-PI)对体外脂多糖(LPS)诱导的人脐静脉血管内皮细胞(HUVECs)损伤的影响及其作用机制。方法:体外培养HUVECs,运用LPS(1 mg/L)诱导HUVECs炎症损伤模型,实验分为空白对照组、LPS组、AHV-PI组和AHV-PI+LPS组。MTT比色法检测HUVECs的活力,倒置显微镜观察HUVECs的形态变化,筛选出AHV-PI最适浓度为5 mg/L。流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡;免疫组化法观察胞内组织型纤溶酶原激活物(T-PA)以及纤溶酶原激活物抑制剂-1(PAI-1)表达情况;ELISA法检测HUVECs上清液中细胞间黏附分子-1(ICAM-1)和组织因子(TF)含量;免疫荧光染色检测胞核内NF-κB亚基p65激活转位情况。结果:LPS组细胞明显梭形化,长宽比增大,呈成纤维细胞状,胞浆出现颗粒样物质。AHV-PI浓度低于5 mg/L时对HUVECs的活性和形态没有明显影响,但可减轻LPS引起的HUVECs的活力抑制和形态改变。与对照组比较,LPS组上清液中TF和ICAM-1含量升高,胞内T-PA和PAI-1表达减少;与LPS组相比,AHV-PI+LPS组上清液中TF和ICAM-1的含量显著降低,细胞内T-PA和PAI-1表达增多,细胞核内NF-κB p65表达减少。结论:AHV-PI能减轻HUVECs损伤,其保护机制与抑制细胞因子分泌及NF-κB活化有关。     

LPS促进HUVECs表达纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1

目的：观察LPS对脐静脉血管内皮细胞(HUVECs)表达组织纤溶酶原激活物(tPA)和纤溶酶原激活物抑制物1(PAI-1)的影响。 方法： 用生长良好的第2、3代HUVECs进行试验。用cell counting kit-8(CCK-8)测定LPS刺激后细胞活性变化；发色底物法测定LPS组和对照组培养液中tPA, PAI-1活性；RT-PCR检测细胞内tPA和PAI-1 mRNA水平。 结果： 与对照组相比，LPS(10 mg/L)对细胞活性没有明显差异。LPS诱导PAI-1活性在24-72 h显著升高(P<0.05),且显著上调PAI-1 mRNA，24 h达到峰值，以后渐降，72 h达到正常水平。而LPS组与对照组tPA活性与tPA mRNA无明显差异(P>0.05)。 结论： LPS(10 mg/L)可显著上调PAI-1 mRNA转录和分泌而不影响tPA mRNA，结果提示LPS可活化内皮细胞，诱发PAI-1 mRNA表达和蛋白分泌而抑制纤溶系统，这有利于微血栓的形成、血栓稳定,血液凝固和DIC发生。     

人脐静脉内皮细胞单层通透性改变的效应因子

背景：外源性刺激引起血管屏障功能损伤的分子机制是血管病理生理学尚未阐明的热点问题之一。 目的：探讨炎症递质脂多糖诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞单层通透性改变的效应分子,寻找有效治疗靶点。 方法：应用脂多糖刺激并观察人脐静脉内皮细胞骨架蛋白F-actin和细胞单层通透性的改变。应用荧光免疫组化和Western blot方法检测脂多糖刺激前后细胞中RhoA和SRF等信号分子的改变。并通过阻断实验证实RhoA-SRF信号通路的作用。 结果与结论：100 µg/L脂多糖刺激6 h可引起人脐静脉内皮细胞中F-actin快速重构并形成大量应力纤维,细胞单层通透性明显增强。细胞中活化RhoA的表达明显增加,SRF发生明显的入核转位现象。应用特异性分子抑制剂Y27632抑制RhoA的活化后,细胞中F-actin重构现象消失,细胞单层通透性增加也受到明显抑制,SRF蛋白发生明显的出现转位。而应用Latrunculin B抑制脂多糖刺激的人脐静脉内皮细胞中F-actin应力纤维形成,对抗通透性增加,但RhoA活化未受到干扰,SRF入核现象则受到抑制。提示RhoA-SRF通路的活化介导了脂多糖诱导的人脐静脉内皮细胞中F-actin重构和内皮单层通透性增加,特异性抑制F-actin也可以阻断脂多糖引起的血管内皮单层通透性增加,同时反馈抑制SRF的入核活化现象。     

Y-27632抑制缓激肽选择开放血肿瘤屏障的研究

目的研究Rho associated kinase（ROcK）特异性抑制剂Y-27632是否抑制缓激肽开放血肿瘤屏障。方法应用EVOM测定仪测定跨内皮阻抗值，分析血肿瘤屏障的通透性；应用辣根过氧化物酶渗漏实验分析血肿瘤屏障的通透性；应用免疫荧光方法观察原代大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞丝状肌动蛋白结构和分布的改变。结果BK作用15min时，跨内皮阻抗值最低，辣根过氧化物酶流量最高，血肿瘤屏障通透性最高；此时大鼠脑微血管内皮细胞边界的丝状肌动蛋白分布不连续，应力纤维形成增加。ROCK的特异性抑制剂Y-27632显著抑制了由缓激肽引起的血肿瘤屏障通透性升高和应力纤维的增加。结论Y-27632抑制缓激肽引起的血肿瘤屏障通透性升高，可能与丝状肌动蛋白结构和分布的改变和应力纤维的增加相关。     

Rho and rho kinase modulation of barrier properties: cultured endothelial cells and intact microvessels of rats and mice

Previous experiments using cultured endothelial monolayers indicate that Rho-family small GTPases are involved in modulation of endothelial monolayer permeability by regulating assembly of the cellular actin filament scaffold, activity of myosin-based contractility and junctional distribution of the Ca²⁺-dependent endothelial cell adhesion molecule, VE-cadherin. We investigated these mechanisms using both cultured endothelial cells (from porcine pulmonary artery and mouse heart) and vascular endothelium in situ (mouse aorta, and individually perfused venular microvessels of mouse and rat mesentery). Exposure to Clostridium difficile toxin B (100 ng ml⁻¹) inactivated 50–90 % of all endothelial Rho proteins within 60–90 min. This was accompanied by considerable reduction of actin filament stress fibres and junctional F-actin in cultured endothelial monolayers and in mouse aortic endothelium in situ . Also, VE-cadherin became discontinuous along endothelial junctions. Inhibition of Rho kinase with Y-27632 (30 μ m ) for 90–120 min induced F-actin reduction both in vitro and in situ but did not cause redistribution or reduction of VE-cadherin staining. Perfusion of microvessels with toxin B increased basal hydraulic permeability ( L _p) but did not attenuate the transient increase in L _p of microvessels exposed to bradykinin. Perfusion of microvessels with Y-27632 (30 μ m ) for up to 100 min reduced basal L _p but did not attenuate the permeability increase induced by platelet activating factor (PAF) or bradykinin. These results show that toxin B-mediated reduction of endothelial barrier properties is due to inactivation of small GTPases other than RhoA. Rho proteins as well as RhoA-mediated contractile mechanisms are not involved in bradykinin- or PAF-induced hyperpermeability of intact microvessels.     

Role of protein kinase C isoforms in rat epididymal microvascular endothelial barrier function

Endothelial barrier dysfunction is involved in a variety of diseased states. We investigated the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in monolayer permeability using endothelial cells (EC) overexpressing PKC alpha (PKC alpha EC), PKC delta (PKC delta EC) or vector (vector control EC) cDNAs. Thrombin induced permeability changes in all EC, and induced significantly elevated rates of monolayer permeability in PKC alpha EC. Conversely, the basal level of permeability was significantly blunted in PKC delta EC, resulting in diminished thrombin-induced changes in permeability. PKC inhibitors, G?6976 and rottlerin, reversed the effects of PKC alpha and PKC delta overexpression on permeability, respectively. Immunoblot analyses demonstrated significantly less beta-catenin associated with the cytoskeletal subcellular fraction in thrombin-treated PKC alpha EC, an effect blocked by pretreatment with G?6976. PKC delta EC contained significantly greater numbers of focal contacts per cell. Thrombin enhanced RhoA GTPase activity in all EC; with a 3-fold greater level of activity in PKC delta EC. Rottlerin significantly blunted RhoA GTPase activity in all EC. Overexpression of RhoA dominant-negative cDNA diminished the size and number of focal contacts in EC, and significantly enhanced the basal rate of PKC delta EC monolayer permeability. These findings demonstrate that monolayer permeability changes are differentially regulated by PKC isoenzymes, suggesting that PKC alpha promotes endothelial barrier dysfunction and PKC delta enhances basal endothelial barrier function.     

ROCK inhibition prevents fetal serum-induced alteration in structure and function of organ-cultured mesenteric artery

Chronic treatment with fetal bovine serum (FBS) causes contractility reduction, morphological alteration and DNA synthesis in organ-cultured vascular tissues. Here, we tested the hypothesis that chronic inhibition of ROCK has a protective effect on FBS-induced alterations in small arteries. Rabbit mesenteric arterial rings were cultured in FBS-supplemented culture medium with or without Y-27632, a reversible ROCK inhibitor. Chronic Y-27632 treatment prevented FBS-induced gradual arterial constriction, wall thickening, reduced contractility, and increased ROCK-specific MYPT1 Thr853 phosphorylation. Treatment with Y-27632 also prevented decreased eNOS mRNA expression, and reduced acetylcholine-induced relaxation. Sudden application of Y-27632 to pre-cultured rings reduced MYPT1 phosphorylation and re-widened the constricted rings. Chronic treatment with Y-27632, however, rather augmented than reduced the FBS-induced RhoA over-expression, also increased ROCK1 and MYPT1 expression and averted the FBS-induced reduction of MLC expression, suggesting a compensation of inhibited RhoA/ROCK activity. Sudden removal of Y-27632 caused a rebound in MYPT1 phosphorylation and vasoconstriction in rabbit mesenteric artery. To test which ROCK isoform has greater involvement in FBS-induced contraction, haploinsufficient Rock1 ^+/− and Rock2 ^+/− mouse mesenteric arterial rings were subjected to organ-culture. FBS-induced contraction and RhoA over-expression in either heterozygous animal was not different from wild-type animals. These results suggest that FBS-induced contraction is mediated by up-regulation of RhoA and subsequent activation of ROCK. In conclusion, chronic ROCK inhibition produces some effects that protect against FBS-stimulated vasoconstriction and remodeling. There are also negative effects that a sudden withdrawal of ROCK inhibitor might cause a stronger vasoconstriction than before it was used.     

Paeoniflorin Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Permeability of Endothelial Cells: Involvements of F-Actin Expression and Phosphorylations of PI3K/Akt and PKC

This study aimed to investigate the effects of paeoniflorin, the main active ingredient of the medicinal plant Paeonia lactiflora Pall., on the permeability of endothelial cells induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and the underlying mechanisms. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were stimulated by LPS. Extravasated FITC-dextran reflecting permeability was assessed by multimode microplate reader, and the migration of bis-carboxyethyl-carboxyfluorescein acetoxy-methyl-labeled human acute monocytic leukemia cell line and leukemia cell line cells through HUVECs were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy. The phosphorylations of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, protein kinase C (PKC), and cofilin in HUVECs were assessed by western blotting, and the F-actin level was detected by laser scanning confocal microscopy. After LPS stimulation, inflammatory endothelial cells exhibited significantly increased permeability. Paeoniflorin (10, 30, and 100 μM) inhibited dextran extravasation and leukocyte migration through HUVECs induced by LPS in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, paeoniflorin was able to suppress the phosphorylations of PI3K/Akt, PKC, and cofilin, as well as F-actin reorganization in HUVECs induced by LPS. These findings revealed that paeoniflorin partly blocked LPS-induced endothelium permeability, supporting a new explanation for its anti-inflammatory effects.     

溶血磷脂酸对肝癌细胞迁移行为的影响及其相关机制

目的研究溶血磷脂酸(lysophosphatidic acid,LPA)对肝癌细胞MHCC97H迁移行为的影响,并探究其相关的分子机制。方法采用Transwell法检测LPA处理后MHCC97H细胞迁移的变化情况,并通过Rho相关蛋白激酶(ROCK)抑制剂Y-27632检测ROCK信号通路在其中的作用,利用免疫荧光染色和免疫印迹法检测LPA对MHCC97细胞骨架F-actin表达的影响,通过原子力显微镜检测LPA作用后MHCC97H细胞弹性模量的变化。结果LPA显著促进MHCC97H的迁移,ROCK抑制剂Y-27632可阻断LPA诱导的MHCC97H细胞迁移。LPA上调MHCC97H中F-actin的表达,减小MHCC97细胞的弹性模量。结论 LPA可能主要通过ROCK/F-actin通路降低肝癌细胞MHCC97H的硬度,从而促进其迁移行为。