曝气生物滤池处理高档卷烟纸生产废水

采用混凝沉淀/曝气生物滤池(BAF)组合工艺对卷烟纸生产废水进行处理,处理水量为2 000～3 400 m3/d,混凝沉淀出水COD为120～400 mg/L,色度为2～4倍。经BAF工艺处理后的出水COD<100 mg/L,去除率稳定在50%～80%,色度<4倍。工程运行实践表明,采用混凝沉淀/BAF组合工艺处理高档卷烟纸生产废水稳定可行,具有良好的经济效益和环境效益。     

Advanced treatment of the reverse osmosis concentrate produced during reclamation of municipal wastewater

The work investigated the treatment of the concentrate produced from the reverse osmosis treatment of an MBR effluent. Two conventional chemical processes, coagulation and activated carbon adsorption, and three advanced oxidation processes (electrochemical treatment, photocatalysis and sonolysis) were applied. Coagulation with alum gave dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removals up to 42%, while FeCl(3) achieved higher removals (52%) at lower molar doses. Adsorption with granular activated carbon showed the highest DOC removals up to 91.3% for 5 g/L. The adsorption isotherm was linear with a non-adsorbable organic fraction of around 1.2 mg/L DOC. The three oxidation methods employed, electrolytic oxidation over a boron-doped diamond electrode, UVA/TiO2 photocatalysis and sonolysis at 80 kHz, showed similar behavior: during the first few minutes of treatment there was a moderate removal of DOC followed by further oxidation at a very slow rate. Electrolytic oxidation was capable of removing up to 36% at 17.8A after 30 min of treatment, sonolysis removed up to 34% at 135W after 60 min, while photocatalysis was capable of removing up to 50% at 60 min.     

混凝联合O_3、O_3/UV深度处理焦化废水的研究

采用混凝联合O3、O3/UV深度处理焦化废水的生物处理出水。试验结果表明:当混凝剂Al2(SO4)3的投量为900 mg/L时,对TOC、COD、色度和UV254的去除率分别为23.2%、19.5%、33.6%和27.1%,相应的出水值分别为55.5 mg/L、196 mg/L、680倍和2.53 cm-1。混凝出水经O3/UV深度处理的效果优于单独O3氧化的,当臭氧投量为2.8 g/L、反应时间为80 min、UV照射强度为30 W时,对TOC、COD、色度和UV254的去除率分别达到91.8%、73.1%、96.1%和97.6%,相应的出水值分别为5.9 mg/L、60 mg/L、40倍和0.081 cm-1,出水COD浓度达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)的一级标准,且大大提高了废水的可生化性。     

蒽醌染整废水的混凝沉淀-Fenton催化氧化处理

采用混凝沉淀-Fenton催化氧化组合工艺对蒽醌染整废水进行处理，研究了混凝剂和Fenton试剂投加量以及各种反应条件对处理效果的影响。试验结果表明，当pH值为6．2、A12（SO4）3投量为300mg／L、PAM投量为3mg／L、沉淀时间为30min时，混凝沉淀出水的COD为233～260mg／L，色度为15～20倍；后续处理采用Fenton试剂催化氧化，当FeSO4投量为200mg／L、H2O2投量为100mg／L、pH值为5．0、反应时间为30min时，出水色度≤10倍，BOD5≤10mg／L，COD≤50mg／L。     

混凝/化学氧化/曝气生物滤池深度处理垃圾渗滤液

随着垃圾渗滤液的老龄化,常规的生化处理已经不能使出水达标排放,需要进行深度处理。采用混凝／化学氧化／曝气生物滤池联合工艺深度处理垃圾渗滤液,进水COD为700mg／L左右,出水COD〈100mg／L,去除率〉85％,排放口水质达到《生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准》（GB16889--1997）一级标准。     

Application of ferrous hydrogen peroxide for treatment of DSD-acid manufacturing process wastewater

A pretreatment method for the biological treatment of wastewater from 4,4'-diaminostilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (DSD-acid) manufacturing processes, a refractory dye intermediate wastewater, based on combined ferrous hydrogen peroxide oxidation and coagulation-flocculation, was developed. When the wastewater was treated with ferrous hydrogen peroxide oxidation ([Fe2+] = 2.7 mmol/L, [H2O2] = 0.21 mol/L) after a flocculation using an organic flocculant TS-1 at a dosage of 3 g/L, the overall COD and color removals were 64 and 62%, respectively. BOD5/COD value of the effluent was 0.3. Ferrous hydrogen peroxide oxidation treatment can reduce the solubility of organic molecules with sulfonic group and increase the efficiency of coagulation treatment. The COD and color removals were both more than 90% when FeCl3 was used as the coagulation (dosages of two-step coagulation were 0.031 and 0.012 mol/L respectively) after a ferrous hydrogen peroxide oxidation pretreatment at a H2O2 dosage of 0.06 mol/L.     

制革废水处理厂及下游综合污水厂升级改造探究

对某制革废水处理厂和下游综合污水处理厂的进出水水质和沿程工艺段进行采样分析,得出制革废水处理厂出水NH3-N和TN平均浓度分别为77. 32、160. 93 mg/L,综合污水处理厂出水COD平均浓度为106. 8 mg/L,其中大部分是难降解COD,出水TN平均浓度为89. 93 mg/L,出水COD和TN是影响污水处理厂出水达标排放的主要指标。在小试中投加500 mg/L葡萄糖(以COD浓度计)时脱氮效果明显增强,综合污水处理厂出水TN浓度可稳定在15 mg/L以下。利用臭氧、活性焦和四相催化氧化深度处理综合污水处理厂二级出水,发现臭氧对COD基本没有去除效果,活性焦和四相催化氧化都能使COD浓度降至50 mg/L以下,但四相催化氧化去除单位COD的成本约是活性焦的29%、再生活性焦的49%。     

Treatment of biorefractory organic compounds in wool scour effluent by hydroxyl radical oxidation

Wool scouring effluent that had been treated with chemical flocculation and aerobic biological treatment (Sirolan CFB effluent) was tertiary treated by hydroxyl radical oxidation to remove residual organic compounds. These compounds impart a high chemical oxygen demand of 500-3000 mg/L and dark colour. However, a H2O2/UV process was found to effectively treat the majority of residual compounds, with up to 75% COD, 85% total organic carbon, and 100% removal of colour (T(480 nm)) achieved. This was despite the effluent being strongly absorbing in the UV region, with a film thickness of 0.21 mm reducing T(254 nm) by 50%. Treatment was unaffected by pH over the range 3-9. H2O2/UV treatment increased the biodegradability of the effluent (5-day biochemical oxygen demand increased from < 10 to 86 mg/L), but a combined chemical and biological process did not increase maximum COD removal or overall process efficiency. The tertiary treated effluent had a final COD in the range 125-750 mg/L, equating to a total COD removal from raw wool scour effluent of approximately 97.5%. This degree of treatment is sufficient for discharge in many, but not all, circumstances.     

微波-生物接触氧化法处理制药废水的研究

为探讨微波与生物接触氧化法用于处理制药废水的可行性,进行了相关试验研究.考察了微波处理对制药废水中COD的去除效果,结果表明：在微波辐射时间为2、8、10 min的条件下,对COD的去除率随着微波功率的增加呈相同的变化趋势;微波功率为382.5、434、459、510 W的条件下,对COD的去除率均随微波辐射时间的延长而有不同程度的提高;降低pH值有利于提高微波处理对COD的去除率.应用微波与生物接触氧化的组合工艺处理制药废水的试验结果表明：生物接触氧化的最佳处理时间为760 min;微波处理对COD的去除率为10%～15%,生物接触氧化法直接处理时,对原水COD的去除率较低,出水COD＞300mg/L;经过微波处理后（459 W、8min）再进行生物接触氧化处理（760 min）,则对COD的总去除率＞95%,最终出水的COD＜300mg/L,表明该组合工艺用于处理制药废水是可行的.     

Electrochemical treatment of cigarette industry wastewater: feasibility study

The electrochemical treatability of wastewater from the cigarette industry has been investigated in this paper using cast iron electrode. The treatment efficiency was monitored in terms of COD, BOD and suspended solids concentration. The cast iron anode was found effective in treatment of the above-mentioned wastewater. About 56% of COD and 84% of BOD removal was observed at 3.5 A current for 5 h of electrolysis. The effect of increase in surface area of anode reduces electrolysis time and also energy consumption per kg of COD removal. The treated effluent was subjected to chemical coagulation studies using Ca(OH)2 as coagulant. The final treated effluent was found to confirm the stipulated standards for safe disposal into surface water bodies (Indian Standards). It was concluded that the electrochemical treatment followed by chemical coagulation could be opted as an alternate treatment scheme for the present industry.     

废塑料造粒洗气废水处理工程实例

废塑料造粒生产过程中的废气采用水吸收作为预处理,会产生高浓度难降解有机废水。先通过气浮去除水中浮油、悬浮物,再经过Fenton氧化预处理,提高其可生化性,然后采用UASB+接触氧化工艺处理,最后用次氯酸钠去除部分氨氮,其出水水质达到所在工业园区污水厂纳管标准(COD≤350 mg/L、NH₃-N≤50 mg/L、甲苯≤0.2 mg/L)。工程调试运行结果显示,COD、NH₃-N和甲苯平均去除率分别达96.1%、89.9%、99.8%,在技术上和经济上是可行的。     

砂洗印染废水处理工程实例

采用水解酸化/三相生物流化床/生物接触氧化/混凝气浮工艺处理砂洗印染废水,实际运行结果表明,在进水平均COD为963 mg/L、BOD5为320 mg/L、SS为452 mg/L、色度为490倍的条件下,出水相应指标分别为89 mg/L、15 mg/L、50 mg/L、30倍,出水水质符合<纺织染整工业水污染物排放标准>(GB 4287-92)的一级标准.     

除油/生物处理/混凝沉淀工艺处理焦化废水

采用除油／生物处理／混凝沉淀工艺处理焦化废水，经过近一年的实际运行表明，该工艺在进水COD浓度为1500～7000mg／L、NH3-N浓度为300～3000mg／L的条件下，对COD去除率〉95％、出水NH3-N稳定在10mg／L以下（去除率〉98％），出水水质达到《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）的一级标准。     

低压射流曝气氧化沟工艺处理制浆造纸中段废水

采用供气式低压射流曝气系统改良型氧化沟工艺处理制浆造纸中段废水,对整个调试运行过程进行了介绍。实际运行结果表明,该工艺设计合理,运行稳定可靠,出水COD≤150mg／L、SS≤80mg／L、BOD5≤80mg／L,去除率均大于85％,出水水质达到了《造纸工业水污染物排放标准》（GB3544-2001）。     

聚氯乙烯离心母液的处理及回用

采用接触氧化法处理悬浮法生产聚氯乙烯产生的离心母液,工程实践表明:离心母液经接触氧化工艺处理后COD去除率>85%,出水COD<50mg/L;再经过砂滤、臭氧氧化、活性炭过滤等深度处理后,出水COD、pH、浊度、电导率均达到回用要求。深度处理费用低于自来水基本水费(天津),也低于用自来水制备脱盐水的费用。     

DAT-IAT改进工艺对生活污水中氨氮的去除

以需氧池-间歇曝气池（DAT-IAT）工艺为基础，在其后设置一生物接触氧化反应器，考察了该组合工艺对生活污水中氨氮的去除效果。结果表明，在IAT池以曝气2h、沉淀1h、出水1h的工况运行及生物接触氧化反应器的HRT为3h的条件下，系统对氨氮的平均去除率为81．1％，出水氨氮平均浓度为7．0mg／L，满足《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》（GB／T 18920-2002）的要求。系统对氨氮的去除率随着进水COD浓度的提高而下降，当进水COD为815．3mg／L时，出水氨氮浓度仍可满足GB／T 18920-2002的要求；随着进水氨氮浓度的提高，系统对氨氮的去除率先略有上升后明显下降，为保证出水氨氮浓度达到回用标准，应将进水氨氮浓度控制在50mg／L以下；系统适宜的pH值范围为7～8，pH值过高或过低都会造成系统对氨氮去除率的显著下降。     

Characterization of tributyltin in shipyard waters and removal through laboratory and full-scale treatment

Characterization and treatment studies were conducted in an effort to evaluate treatment options capable of removing tributyltin (TBT) in shipyard waters from above 1,000,000 ng/L to effluent concentrations below 50 ng/L. Laboratory studies and operation of a full-scale treatment plant were used to examine treatment options for TBT removal and included physicochemical treatment processes of coagulation-clarification, filtration, and granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption. Significant variability was observed in TBT-containing shipyard waters (generated from different ships) in terms of their particulate solids, conductivity, and TBT and dissolved organic carbon concentrations. Laboratory tests with aluminum sulfate and ferric sulfate showed that on average 90% of TBT in shipyard waters could be removed by coagulation-flocculation-clarification under optimum conditions. No statistically significant difference was found in TBT removal capabilities between the two metal salts when compared at equivalent metal doses and coagulation pH. Much lower removals were observed for the coagulation-flocculation-clarification portion of the full-scale plant while the complete full-scale treatment plant averaged 99.8% TBT removal over a period of 3 years. While relatively high % removals were achieved, the total treatment process did not consistently remove TBT to levels that would meet the regulatory requirements proposed (50 ng/L) at the time the study was conducted. Based on the results from limited efforts to characterize the dissolved and particulate TBT fractions in the full-scale treatment plant effluent, particulate TBT was observed to be the dominant component of the effluent TBT from the full-scale plant and may be associated with polymer carry through.     

Removal of carbon and nutrients from domestic wastewater using a low investment, integrated treatment concept

An integrated chemical-physical-biological treatment concept for the low-cost treatment of domestic wastewater is proposed. Domestic wastewater was subjected to a chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT), followed by treatment in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. In addition, a regenerable zeolite was used to remove NH4+, either after CEPT pretreatment or after biological treatment in the UASB reactor. The CEPT pretreatment consisted of the addition of a coagulant (FeCl3) and an anionic organic flocculant and removed on average 73% of the total chemical oxygen demand (COD(t)), 85% of the total suspended solids, and 80% of PO4(3-) present in the wastewater. The UASB system, which consequently received a low COD(t) input of approximately 140 mg/L, was operated using a volumetric loading rate of 0.4 g COD(t)/L. d (hydraulic retention time [HRT]=10 h) and 0.7 g COD(t)/L. d (HRT=5 h). For these conditions, the system removed about 55% of the COD(t) in its influent, thus producing an effluent with a low COD(t) of approximately 50 mg/L. The zeolite, when applied in batch mode before the UASB reactor, removed approximately 45% of the NH4+, whereas its application as a post-treatment cartridge resulted in almost 100% NH4+ removal. The simple design and relatively low operating costs, due to low costs of added chemicals and low energy input (estimated at Euro 0.07-0.1 per m3 wastewater treated), combined with excellent treatment performance, means that this system can be used as a novel domestic wastewater treatment system for developing countries. Therefore, the system is called a Low Investment Sewage Treatment (LIST) system.     

Textile Wastewater Treatment With Activated Sludge And Powdered Activated Carbon

The objective of the study is to determine the effectiveness of batch activated sludge process and powdered activated carbon adsorption for organic and color removal from textile wastewaters. Factors affecting treatment performance investigated in the study included raw wastewater strength, various combinations of dye to starch in the wastewater, aeration time. Synthetic wastewaters using starch solution and disperse-red-60 dye were used in the adsorption study. The 3 wastewater strengths used included low, medium and high strength. The 5 different dye to starch combinations used included 0% dye+100% starch, 25% dye+75% starch, 50% dye+50% starch, 75% dye+25% starch, and 100% dye+0% starch. The batch bio-oxidation was conducted for a period of 24 hours. The COD removal efficiency, color removal, bio-oxidation rate constant, F/M ratio, SVI, pH and temperature were determined. The results indicated that starch was much easier to remove by the batch activated sludge process compared to disperse-red-60 dye, which was virtually non-biodegradable. Wastewaters containing 100% starch had the highest COD removal efficiency. Increase in dye concentration in wastewater resulted in decrease in the COD removal efficiency. The COD removal efficiency ranged from 6 to 45% for low strength wastewater of 100mg/L COD, 27 to 80% for medium strength wastewater of 500mg/L COD, and 23 to 65% for high strength wastewater of 1000mg/L COD. The low strength wastewaters had the best settling characteristics, while the medium strength wastewaters had the worst. For high PAC dosage of 15g/L, high COD removal efficiencies of 88 to 98% removal and E * ab of 36 to 47 were obtained. It is recommended that activated sludge be used to remove high COD organic pollutants first, followed by PAC adsorption to remove dye waste in the treatment of textile wastewaters.     

混凝/厌氧/好氧组合工艺处理竹材CTMP制浆废水

研究了竹材CTMP制浆废水的水质特征,在此基础上设计了混凝/厌氧/好氧组合处理技术路线,并在实验室进行了小试研究.结果表明,在竹材CTMP制浆废水的COD、BOD5、SS分别为7 320、2 496、1 308 mg/L时,混凝预处理段、二级厌氧段(UASB)、好氧段对COD的平均去除率分别为49.1%、85.4%、68.4%,对BOD5的平均去除率分别为46.4%、86.8%、84.7%,对SS的平均去除率分别为71.1%、60.1%、52.3%,预处理段表现出较好的去除SS的作用,而生物处理段则体现了较好的去除有机污染物的作用,使得处理出水水质达到了国家排放标准(GB 3544-2001)的要求.