二氧化碳脱硫改造

介绍装置工艺流程，简单叙述了装置存在的问题及二氧化碳对装置的重要性，提出了原料二氧化碳脱硫改造方案，总结了改造后的效果和带来的效益。     

茂名110万吨/年加氢裂化装置改造

全面总结了中石化茂名分公司加氢裂化装置改造为110万t／a后的工业生产和应用情况，介绍了该装置的改造原则、主要技术条件和工艺应用技术特点，讨论了装置改造后存在的若干问题，并提出了相关建议。     

九江石化芳烃抽提装置节能改造获成功

中国石化九江石化分公司炼油装置重点节能改造项目——二联合100kt／a芳烃抽提装置抽提塔塔盘改造，经过1个月的改造施工，于近日实现开车一次成功，装置的各项工艺指标均满足生产要求，解决了多年来困扰芳烃抽提装置生产的瓶颈制约，取得了较好的节能效果和经济效益。     

聚酯装置增量改造若干问题探讨

0引言随着聚酯生产技术的不断进步和单线生产能力的不断扩大，新建装置的生产成本有了大幅度的下降，而80年代前建成的工厂由于单线生产能力低，技术设备老化，综合生产成本不如新建装置，在市场竞争中往往处于不利的地位。根据国家的产业政策，老装置挖潜增量改造，提．高经济效益是今后一段时间的主要发展方向。老装置挖潜改造具有周期短，见效快，投资省等诸多优点，老装置挖潜改造还有利于更快形成我们的技术优势，开发自己的技术软件。1装置挖潜增量改造的前期工作和指导思想1．1装置挖潜增量改造的前期工作装置挖潜增量改造首先要对装…     

大型化肥装置扩产改造概述

分析了锦天化大型化肥装置中影响产能的原因；介绍了扩能改造的技术措施；总结了扩能改造的效果．改造结果表明，合成氨装置通过增设预转化以及对脱碳系统苯菲尔压缩机的技改，尿素装置通过尿素合成塔塔盘的技改，合成氧及尿素装置扩能达15％，生产负荷由改造前的95％提高到110％，每年可多产尿素7．8万t。     

残渣处理工艺生产装置中控制系统的改造

对精馏工段残渣处理工艺生产装置的生产过程控制系统进行了全面的改造。将手动控制系统改造成自动控制系统，改造后降低了醋酸及蒸汽的消耗，装置效能大幅提高，减轻了劳动强度，取得了较好的经济效益。     

辽化裂解装置技术改造

辽阳石化烯烃厂裂解装置于2001年检修期间，完全采用国内技术，完成了120kt/a乙烯装置扩能改造工作，介绍了装置改造的主要内容和特点，生产运行和考核情况，以及扩能改造存在的问题和解决措施。     

聚丙烯装置技术改造

简单论述了抚顺乙烯化工有限公司聚丙烯装置改造的必要性，并且对改造确定方案。对聚丙烯装置改造前后的能耗进行了详细的分析。通过这次改造，取得了良好的社会效果。     

乙炔渣浆上清液用于湿法脱硫可行性探讨

对现有的湿法脱硫装置进行了分析；指出利用现有生产装置中的电石渣浆上清液替代现有的碱液作为脱硫剂用于炉排式锅炉的湿法脱硫，可降低企业生产成本，减少污染物设施的治理费用。为实现上述目的，根据现有生产装置及配套锅炉的运行情况，对湿法脱硫装置进行了改造。改造后的效果评价表明，装置的改造提高了企业的环保效益和经济效益。     

四氟乙烯装置的扩产改造

本文介绍了本公司四氟乙烯（TFE）装置扩产改造的背景及思路，详细阐述了裂解反应器及工业炉的改造方法，实践表明改造后的装置单体生产能力提高40％以上，而投资仅为原装置投资的十分之一左右。     

高压法三聚氰胺装置与二氧化碳汽提法尿素装置联产利弊浅析

中国石油乌鲁木齐石化分公司化工厂高压法三胺装置由于配套小尿素装置甲铵预热器爆管损坏无法开车,且装置原设计运行不平稳、检修频率高、能耗高。鉴于这些原因,三胺装置和化肥尿素装置同时改造,两套装置原料互供,实现了高压法三胺装置和二氧化碳汽提法大尿素联产,大大降低运行能耗和原料损耗。     

合成氨装置改制氢装置技术探讨

通过比较分析合成氨装置和制氢装置的工艺特点和模拟计算,指出合成氨装置改制氢装置主要问题所在,提出了相应的解决措施.     

生物质电厂废弃物草木灰成分分析及成形

生物质热电厂焚烧废弃物的主要成分是草木灰，其产生量大、密度小。大量草木灰不经处理会造成环境污染问题。本文首先分析草木灰的化学成分，确定草木灰的肥料特征，通过添加NH₄H₂PO₄使草木灰的pH达到国家复合肥的相关标准。选用聚天冬氨酸（30%水溶液）作为复合肥的黏结剂，应用于草木灰复合肥的成形造粒，以增加其抗压强度和肥效。研究不同烘干时间、烘干温度、聚天冬氨酸添加量对草木灰复合肥抗压强度的影响规律，通过分析植物的形态及生理指标，进而研究草木灰复合肥的肥效。结果表明：最佳烘干条件为10h、140℃，聚天冬氨酸对草木灰的抗压强度有明显的增强作用，并且草木灰与聚天冬氨酸的复配比为6g∶1mL时肥效最好。此方法解决了元素循环中断、草木灰环境污染，在运输过程中草木灰复合肥易碎，纯草木灰肥效低等问题。     

Fish oil fatty acid esters of phytosterols alter plasma lipids but not red blood cell fragility in hamsters

In an attempt to combine the hypocholesterolemic properties of plant sterols with the hypotriglyceridemic action of fish oil FA, plant sterols have recently been esterified to fish oil n−3 PUFA. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of plant sterols esterified to n−3 PUFA on plasma lipid levels and erythrocyte fragility. For 5 wk, male Golden Syrian hamsters were fed diets varying in cholesterol and plant sterol content: (i) Noncholesterol (semipurified diet with no added cholesterol or plant sterols) (ii), Cholesterol (0.25% cholesterol) (iii), Sterols (0.25% cholesterol plus 1% nonesterified plant sterols), or (iv) Fish oil esters of plant sterols (0.25% cholesterol plus 1.76% EPA and DHA sterol esters, providing 1% plant sterols). The addition of fish oil esters of plant sterols to the cholesterol diet decreased (P=0.001) plasma total cholesterol levels by 20%, but nonesterified plant sterols did not have such a beneficial impact. In addition, non-HDL cholesterol concentrations were 29% lower in hamsters fed fish oil esters of plant sterols than in hamsters fed nonesterified plant sterols (P<0.0001). Despite higher (P<0.0001) plant sterol levels in whole erythrocytes of hamsters fed nonesterified plant sterols and fish oil esters of plant sterols compared with hamsters fed no plant sterols, no difference was observed in erythrocyte fragility. The present results show that EPA and DHA esters of plant sterols have a hypocholesterolemic effect in hamsters, and that these new esters of plant sterols exert no detrimental effect on erythrocyte fragility.     

三聚氰胺装置与大尿素装置联产改造

河南煤业化工集团中原大化公司的尿素装置与三聚氰胺装置联产后,由于大量甲铵返回,造成系统的能耗和物耗大幅上涨。经过对系统进行分析和计算,制定了改造方案,进而实现了尿素装置高负荷、安全和经济的运行。     

聚乙二醇二甲醚的物化性质

收集整理了聚乙二醇二甲醚的物化数据,并给出若干图表,可供天然气净化厂、煤气净化厂、石油化工厂、炼油厂、合成氨厂、焦炉气厂和发电厂烟道气等有关气体净化的科研、设计和生产管理人员使用。     

Comparative health effects of margarines fortified with plant sterols and stanols on a rat model for hemorrhagic stroke

There is increased acceptance of fortifying habitual foods with plant sterols and their saturated derivatives, stanols, at levels that are considered safe. These sterols and stanols are recognized as potentially effective dietary components for lowering plasma total and LDL cholesterol. Our previous studies have shown that daily consumption of plant sterols promotes strokes and shortens the life span of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) rats. These studies question the safety of plant sterol additives. The present study was performed to determine whether a large intake of plant stanols would cause nutritional effects similar to those seen with plant sterols in SHRSP rats. Young SHRSP rats (aged 26–29 d) were fed semipurified diets containing commercial margarines fortified with either plant stanols (1.1 g/100 g diet) or plant sterols (1.4 g/100 g diet). A reference group of SHRSP rats was fed a soybean oil diet (0.02 g plant sterols/100 g diet and no plant stanols). Compared to soybean oil, both plant stanol and plant sterol margarines significantly (P<0.05) reduced the life span of SHRSP rats. At the initial stages of feeding, there was no difference in the survival rates between the two margarine groups, but after approximately 50 d of feeding, the plant stanol group had a slightly, but significantly (P<0.05), lower survival rate. Blood and tissue (plasma, red blood cells, liver, and kidney) concentrations of plant sterols in the plant sterol margarine group were three to four times higher than the corresponding tissue concentrations of plant stanols in the plant stanol group. The deformability of red blood cells and the platelet count of SHRSP rats fed, the plant sterol margarine were significantly (P<0.05) lower than those of the plant stanol margarine and soybean oil groups at the end of the study. These parameters did not differ between the soybean oil and plant stanol margarine groups. These results suggest that, at the levels tested in the present study, plant stanols provoke hemorrhagic stroke in SHRSP rats to a slightly greater extent than plant sterols. The results also suggest that the mechanism by which plant stanols shorten the life span of SHRSP rat might differ from that of plant sterols.     

Quantitative study on landscape colors of plant communities in urban parks based on natural color system and M-S theory in Nanjing,China

Plant color landscape plays an important role in improving the quality of visual landscapes, regulating the emotion of landscape space, and highlighting the characteristics of urban landscapes. How to reasonably quantify and create rich plant color landscapes to achieve the best visual perception of the plant color landscape at different visual scales, so as to better meet the aesthetic needs of the public, has become a hot and difficult issue in the plant color design and application. Therefore, this article selects four typical urban parks in Nanjing to study the color characteristics of plant communities. The natural color system color card is used to extract plant color data. The color harmony and suitability degree of the plant community and external environment are quantitatively evaluated according to the Moon-Spencer (M-S) color harmony theory. The correlation between the chromaticity difference, color harmony, and color suitability of the plant landscape color is strong, whereas that between the chromaticity difference and lightness difference of the plant landscape color is weak. Among the four urban parks, the color harmony is the highest, and the appropriate color is the lowest in Xuanwu Lake Park. In addition, among the 12 selected plant community landscapes, the plant community number A3 in Xuanwu Lake Park has the highest color harmony and D3 in Gulin Park has the lowest color harmony. In short, the quantitative study of the plant community landscape color can provide new ideas for improving the optimal allocation of the plant community landscape color in urban parks.     

芳香油与油脂植物资源教学实践

精油与油脂分别是芳香油植物和油脂植物提取的天然产品.通过芳香油与油脂植物资源教学实践,探求植物资源学课程适宜的教学内容与方法.从专业特色角度出发,除了讲授常规植物资源总论和植物资源各论,增加了森林植物资源学和植物资源学课内实践（实验）等相关内容,加强学生实践技能培养,提升本科生综合素质.     

顺序流程乙烯装置冷区扩能改造方案探讨

乙烯装置分离冷区工艺流程复杂,技术难度高,是全装置工艺设计的关键。以某200 kt/a乙烯挖潜改造、1100 kt/a乙烯装置改造和1190 kt/a乙烯装置改造为例,着重论述了顺序分离流程冷区改造的工艺技术特点,对深冷及脱甲烷系统、制冷系统和碳二分离系统的工艺改造方案进行了说明,分析了各装置在具体改造方案上的工艺技术特点,最后总结出顺序流程深冷系统、制冷系统以及乙烯全装置扩能改造的最佳方案和改造原则。