离子型稀土资源开发管理关键问题探讨

离子型稀土矿产被国家列为实行保护性开采的特定矿种,对其实施了一系列专项管理措施。本文介绍了离子型稀土资源开发管理的现状,针对离子型稀土资源开发管理中碰到的资源勘查程度不足、采矿权与山林权矛盾、行政审批繁杂、私矿开采流通、监管困难与执法依据不足等关键问题进行了探讨,在此基础上得出认识与判断,并提出了相关建议。     

中国南方离子型稀土现状浅析

离子型稀土矿床是我国独有的中重稀土资源,已列为国家实行保护性开采的特定矿种。本文从离子型稀土矿床的成矿特征、产业政策及资源开发现状、开发过程中存在的问题以及加强南方离子型稀土矿产业发展的建议几个方面,总结了离子型稀土矿床的成矿背景、稀土元素的分馏、迁移和富集规律、稀土元素的分布规律以及找矿标志,阐述了我国稀土产业政策和开采工艺及勘查规范现状,指出了稀土矿产资源浪费、核心技术缺乏、上下游产业发展不均衡、生态环境破坏严重等问题,提出了进一步研究风化壳中稀土分布和迁移规律、延伸和拓展产业链加速上下游对接、改进稀土资源开采方式、全面监控,长期监管以及合理利用资源强化政策力度的建议。     

稀土开采总量控制政策执行效果跟踪与分析

稀土开采总量控制是我国为保护和合理利用稀土资源开展的一项管制政策,该政策在防止稀土资源过度开采、促进稀土行业规模化发展、应对WTO稀土诉讼、调节市场供应等方面发挥了积极作用,但是在实施过程中也面临着一些问题,如该政策对私挖盗采行为无约束作用,工程建设剥离稀土量难以控制,冶炼分离产能远超指标约束下的供应能力,指令性计划与开采总量控制指标下达存在不匹配现象。本文通过跟踪与分析稀土开采总量控制政策的执行效果,提出了针对离子型稀土资源下达开采总量控制指标、开采总量控制指标管理政策与稀土大企业大集团战略相配合、工程建设剥离的离子型稀土回收严格纳入总量控制管理、加强总量控制政策的监管与落实等建议。     

低品位离子型稀土资源开采技术研究

随着较高品位离子型稀土资源的日益枯竭,盘活低品位离子型稀土资源,实现矿业经济的可持续发展,是目前面临的一个重要问题。为了解决低品位离子型稀土资源开采技术问题,项目组依据低品位离子型稀土资源赋存特点,以原地浸矿最新技术成果为基础,开展低品位离子型稀土资源原地浸矿试验技术研究,在工业试验研究工作的基础上,摸索出了一套较完整的工艺技术,解决了低品位离子型稀土资源回收成本高、环境污染较严重的问题。为原地浸矿工艺的推广以及低品位离子型稀土资源的回收提供了可靠的技术保障。     

对离子型稀土保护性开发的建议（一）

1．离子型稀土资源开发现状 以江西为例,江西省是我国离子型稀土矿发现最早并实现工业化开采的省份。资源储量占全国储量的35％,在世界稀土产业界占有举足轻重的地位。其资源主要分布在赣南。稀土矿开采规模能力已超过1万吨／年,占全国离子矿产量的60％～70％。     

低浓度稀土废水资源回收技术研究进展

针对离子型稀土开采提取过程中极易产生的低浓度离子型稀土废水难处理、污染环境等问题,对近5 a来国内外低浓度离子型稀土的富集回收技术进行了总结,综述了反渗透、溶剂萃取、离子交换、吸附以及沉淀等多种不同稀土资源回收技术的作用原理和研究进展,分析了各类稀土资源回收技术的优劣势,并提出了未来低浓度稀土资源绿色高效安全回收技术的重点研究方向,为离子型稀土资源的高效开发利用研究提供有益参考。     

南方废弃稀土矿区生态失衡状况及其成因

本文综述了我国南方废弃稀土矿区大面积植被破坏,水土流失严重、滑坡、泥石流危险,重金属污染,水体污染,土壤污染和氟污染的生态失衡状况;并详细分析了造成南方废弃稀土矿区生态失衡状况的成因,如采用池浸、堆浸和原地浸取工艺提取稀土的不足,稀土矿的矿床厚度薄且分布较为广泛、稀土品位较低同时资源利用率低,南方离子型稀土资源未充分进行整合、相关部门对稀土矿开采的准入和监管不到位,针对离子型稀土矿区生态恢复的研究滞后、未形成可推广的稀土废弃地生态修复模式等;最后,从以下诸方面提出了改善南方废弃稀土矿区生态失衡状况的建议,如:开发提取稀土的新工艺、加快稀土资源整合的步伐、加大稀土废弃地生态修复研究的投入等。     

离子型稀土矿开采工艺对环境的影响及综合治理

为给赣南离子型矿山开发与保护提供参考,介绍了赣南离子型稀土资源不同开采工艺对环境的影响,并提出了解决环境问题的对策——通过集约化发展、整体布局、统一规划,选择相适应的治理技术和环境综合治理措施。这些对策、措施的落实将能逐步改善矿区生态环境。     

离子型稀土矿发现、命名与提取工艺发明大解密（三）

四、离子型稀土资源开发的二个“里程碑” 国家计委稀土专家组组长、中国工程院李东英院士，作为我国稀土发展历史的见证人和参与我国稀土行业决策咨询的主要专家，也与战斗在第一线的广大科技人员一样，经历了离子型稀土资源开发的每一步发展过程。他将我国离子型稀土矿的发现，高度总结和概括为国内外稀土发展历史上“具有里程碑意义的大事”；     

江西连续8年停批稀土采矿许可证

江西省对离子型稀土开发实行总量控制和“绿色开采”，从1998年至今，连续8年坚持暂停审批颁发新的稀土矿采矿许可证，限制新增生产能力，保证了稀土资源的保护和合理开发利用。     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent material industry

<正>Rare earth luminescent material is one of the most important application sectors of rare earths.China enjoys the exceptional advantage to develop rare earth luminescent material for its abundant rare earth resources.After several decades'endeavor,China's rare earth luminescent material industry,headed by rare earth phosphor for lamp and LED and high efficient rare earth energy-saving light source,has been gradually developed into a scale industry.China has become a major production base of rare earth phosphor for lamps and rare earth     

China rare earth market review

正June 1~10,2014Rare earth market remained weak.Quoted price of rare earth products was similar to that in May.There was no sign of recovery in downstream market.The market of NdFeB magnetic materials and phosphor was depressed.Catalyst,polishing powder and ceramic industries remained inactive.Demand from downstream industry was soft.Consumers purchased on their needs.Suppliers had strong intention to sell.Prices of rare earth products     

Annual Report analysis of Chinese rare earth-related listed companies in 2013

<正>Chinese rare earth-related listed companies have published their 2013 annual reports.It can be understood from their reports that production and operation activities of Chinese rare earth-related companies were still heavily affected by macro economy and industrial policies.They basically followed the steps of national economy.In 2013,world economy recovered slowly but the economy     

Market opportunities and challenges for rare earth polishing powder

正1.Status of rare earth polishing powder Rare earth polishing powder with high content of cerium oxide began to replace iron oxide for glass polishing and became one of the key materials in glass polishing process since 1940.Compared with traditional iron oxide,rare earth polishing powder has many advantages,such as fast polishing rate,high polishing quality and long service life.It can achieve good surface quality and improve operation conditions.For example,in lens polishing,the polishing work that cerium     

Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths developed a new RE alloy preparation technology

正Pyrometallurgy Laboratory of Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths had independently developed a new preparation technology of rare earth alloy for NdFeB.The alloy can remarkably enhance the coercivity of NdFeB magnet but also evidently reduce the production cost of the magnet.The new master alloy was prepared in the kA pilot-scale electrolytic cell by the independent technology.The rare earth master alloy can be used as the raw material for NdFeB.Compared     

China rare earth market review

正November 21~30,2014Due to weak demand from downstream industries,transactions of rare earth in Chinese domestic market were inactive.It was difficult to sell any rare earth products except for dysprosium oxide and terbium oxide.Suppliers lost confidence in recent market.Demand for rare earth products was soft.Consumers continued to take a wait-and-see attitude.Rare earth export market remained slow.     

Galaxy Magnets achieved the net profit of 34.02 million yuan in the first six months of 2014

正Galaxy Magnet announced its financial results for the first half of 2014 on August 14.For the first six months ended on 30 June 2014,Galaxy Magnet achieved operation income of RMB 182.3 million,up8.40% over the same period of 2013,and the net profit attributable to the shareholders of the listed company of 34.02 million yuan,increasing 35.49% over the same period of last year.Stable performance increase was led by development of new customers and application market of magnets.     

Rare Earth Application in Steel in China

<正>China has rich rare earth resources.Output of rare earth and steel in China ranks the top first in the world.However,there is still certain distance between the steel produced in China and developed countries from the point of varieties and quality.China still has to import some types of steel.Improving the quality should be emphasiZed in future development of steel industry in China.Rare earth can be used to upgrade traditional steel     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent materialindustry(continued)

<正>Developing ecological lighting source The world is facing the big problem of energy shortage today and the contradiction between economy development and environmental protection is worsened.Therefore,people are more likely to choose an ecological light source that is more energy efficient and environmental friendly.The choice provides great opportunity for the development of rare earth optical material industry in China.The concept of green lighting positions rare earth luminescent material as a leading player in illumination market.The light source of both rare earth luminescent lamp and LED lamp is ecological and energy saving.This is why     

稀散金属产业的观察与思考

分析了近年来国内外稀散金属产业的生产、应用、资源与市场状况.铟锡氧化物靶材、砷化镓晶片、锗红外材料、铼高温合金和硒在电解锰及玻璃的应用等已成为稀散金属的主要应用领域.稀散金属的产量快速增长达到历史高位而导致了市场的失衡.以GaInP_2/GaAs/Ge,CIGS和CdTe为代表的非硅系太阳能电池是稀散金属的新兴应用领域,将给稀散金属带来日益增长的需求.