(Ti0.2V0.2Cr0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)2AlC–(Ti0.2V0.2Cr0.2Nb0.2Ta0.2)C high-entropy ceramics with low thermal conductivity

In recent years, the microstructure and physicochemical properties of high-entropy ceramics have received much interest by the combination of multiple principal elements. Herein, (Ti_0.2V_0.2Cr_0.2Nb_0.2Ta_0.2)₂AlC–(Ti_0.2V_0.2Cr_0.2Nb_0.2Ta_0.2)C high-entropy ceramics (M₂AlC-MC HECs) were prepared by the spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique, attributing to the structural and chemical diversity of MAX phases. The microstructure of M₂AlC-MC HECs was characterized from micron to atomic scales, and the phase composition of M₂AlC-MC HECs was analyzed by a combination of Maud and Rietveld analysis. The results indicate the successful solid solution of Ti, V, Cr, Nb, and Ta atoms in the M-site of the 211-MAX configuration, and all the samples show a classic layered structure. The weight percentage of (Ti_0.2V_0.2Cr_0.2Nb_0.2Ta_0.2)₂AlC in the M₂AlC-MC HECs was more than 90%. Furthermore, the thermoelectric properties of M₂AlC-MC HECs were investigated for the first time in this study, and the electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of HECs are 3278 S cm⁻¹ and 2.78 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹at 298 K, respectively.     

Oxyacetylene ablation of (Hf0.2Ti0.2Zr0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2)C at 1350 − 2050 °C

Ablation resistance of a multi-component carbide (Hf_0.2Ti_0.2Zr_0.2Ta_0.2Nb_0.2)C (HTZTNC) was investigated using an oxyacetylene flame apparatus. When the surface temperature of the HTZTNC was below 1800 °C, (Nb, Ta)₂O₅, (Hf, Zr)TiO₄, and (Hf, Zr)O₂ were found to be the main oxidation products, while at higher temperature, formation of (Hf, Zr, Ti, Ta, Nb)O_x was favored and its content gradually increased with the increase in ablation temperature. Based on the ablation results and thermodynamic simulation analysis, a possible ablation mechanism of HTZTNC was proposed. Active oxidation of TiC and outward diffusion of TiO were demonstrated to occur during the ablation process, which constitute the critical steps for the ablation of HTZTNC. These results can contribute to the design of ablation resistant ultra-high-temperature ceramics.     

Porous (Ce0.2Zr0.2Ti0.2Sn0.2Ca0.2)O2-δ high-entropy ceramics with both high strength and low thermal conductivity

Single-phase (Ce_0.2Zr_0.2Ti_0.2Sn_0.2Ca_0.2)O_2-δ porous high-entropy ceramics have been in-situ fabricated by foam-gelcasting-freeze drying method at different temperatures. The microstructure, phase composition, and properties of the obtained ceramics were investigated. The results indicate that compared with other porous ceramics reported in the literatures, this type of ceramics exhibits excellent performance. The sample prepared at 1350 °C shows high porosity (88.6 %), low thermal conductivity (0.023 W m^-1 K^-1), and high compressive strength (1.48 MPa). The current study suggests that porous (Ce_0.2Zr_0.2Ti_0.2Sn_0.2Ca_0.2)O_2-δ high entropy ceramics are promising candidates for thermal insulation applications.     

Study on the crystal structure of (Gd2−xCex)Ti2O7 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) pyrochlore

Synthesis, characterisation and crystal structure analysis studies of oxides in (Gd_2?x Ce_x)Ti₂O₇ series have been reported, Ce³⁺ used as a surrogate for Pu³⁺ because they have similar physical and chemical properties. In the present report, a series of pyrochlore-type crystal with composition (Gd_2?x Ce_x)Ti₂O₇ (0?≤?x?≤?0.8) were successfully synthesised by the solution combustion followed by high temperature calcining. The phase purity and crystal structure of samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis as well as Rietveld refinement. It was observed that the solubility of Ce³⁺ in the lattice of Gd₂Ti₂O₇ pyrochlore is 39.62?mol.-%. The calculated lattice parameters and the simulated XRD patterns of (Gd_2?x Ce_x)Ti₂O₇ (x?=?0, 0.5, 1) were obtained based on the density functional theory. The results of theoretical calculation are quite consistent with the results of the experiment. Additionally, the grain size and the visual information about the microscopic structure of the (Gd_2?x Ce_x)Ti₂O₇ crystals were obtained by transmission electron microscopy.     

高熵稳定双钙钛矿阴极材料SmBa(Mn0.2Fe0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2)2O5+δ的制备及性能优化

通过改进的自蔓延燃烧法合成制备高熵双钙钛矿SmBa(Mn0.2Fe0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2)2O5+δ(HE-SBC)阴极材料,并复合10％(摩尔分数)Gd2O3掺杂CeO2(GDC)以优化性能.结果表明:通过B位高熵的方法可以显著减小Co离子由价态变化而引起的热膨胀,从而降低SmBaCo2O5+δ的热膨胀...     

Ablation behavior of high-entropy carbides ceramics (Hf0.2Zr0.2Ta0.2Nb0.2Ti0.2)C upon exposition to an oxyacetylene torch at 2000 °C

The ablation performance of a high-entropy ceramic carbide, (Hf_0.2Zr_0.2Ta_0.2Nb_0.2Ti_0.2)C, was performed by oxyacetylene ablation flame, simulating the extreme service environment at 2000 ºC. Phase and microstructure characterization at multi-length scales was carried out. During ablation, a compositionally and microstructurally complex oxidation layer formed on the ablation surface, which consisted of a combination of (Zr_xHf_1?x)₆(Nb_yTa_1?y)₂O₁₇, Ti(Nb_xTa_1?x)₂O₇, and Ti_x(Zr_aHf_bNb_cTa_1?a-b-c)_1?xO₂. Based on the microstructure information, the ablation mechanisms were proposed considering the oxidation thermodynamics and kinetics. Comparable rates of O inward diffusion and Ti outward diffusion are suggested, and a particular innermost dense layer composed of isolated (Zr_xHf_1?x)₆(Nb_yTa_1?y)₂O₁₇ grains embedded in a continuous Ti(Nb_xTa_1?x)₂O₇ matrix is considered to be beneficial for a better ablation resistance.     

Sintering of high-entropy nanoparticles obtained by polyol process: A case study of (La0.2Y0.2Nd0.2Sm0.2Gd0.2)2Ce2O7-δ

High-entropy (HE) ceramics nanoparticles have received much attention due to their interesting properties. However, very limited studies have been conducted on their sintering. Here, we report the sintering behavior of HE A₂B₂O₇ type rare earth oxide nanoparticles obtained by polyol process. HE cerate (HECe) (La_0.2Y_0.2Nd_0.2Sm_0.2Gd_0.2)₂Ce₂O_7-δ is chosen as an exemplary case, which is considered as a good candidate for thermal insulation. HECe nanoparticles with size of 2.6–7.1 nm can be synthesized through polyol process followed by annealing in air at 300–700 °C. HECe nanoparticle compact can be densified by directly sintering at 1500 °C. The sintering temperature could be further decreased using a two-step sintering process, i.e., 1500 °C 5 min-1300 °C 5 h. Our results show that fine particle and abundant oxygen vacancies probably dominate the densification process. By controlling the sintering regime, we can tune the microstructure of HECe ceramics and thermal conductive properties accordingly.     

A new type of Sr(Zr0.2Hf0.2Ce0.2Yb0.2Me0.2)O3−x (Me = Y,Gd) high-entropy ceramics used in thermal barrier coatings

Seeking for new ceramics with excellent thermophysical properties as thermal barrier coatings candidate materials has become a hot research field. In this study, Sr(Zr_0.2Hf_0.2Ce_0.2Yb_0.2Me_0.2)O_3−x high-entropy ceramic powders were successfully synthesized by the method of solid-state reaction, and the ceramics with single phase were prepared by pressureless sintering at 1600°C. The phase composition, microstructure, element distribution, high-temperature thermal stability, and thermophysical properties of the ceramics were studied. The results showed that Sr(Zr_0.2Hf_0.2Ce_0.2Yb_0.2Me_0.2)O_3−x ceramics were composed of SrZrO₃ phase and the second phase of AB₂O₄ spinel (i.e., SrY₂O₄ and SrGd₂O₄). The content of the second phase was gradually increased after heat treatment at 1400°C, which significantly improved the thermophysical and mechanical properties of the ceramics. The microhardness and fracture toughness of the ceramics were improved compared with that of SrZrO₃. The thermal conductivities of Sr(Zr_0.2Hf_0.2Ce_0.2Yb_0.2Me_0.2)O_3−x (Me = Y, Gd) ceramics were 1.30 and 1.28 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ at 1000°C, which were about 35% and 40% lower than that of SrZrO₃ (1.96 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹) and yttria-stabilized zirconia (2.12 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹), respectively. The thermal expansion coefficients of Sr(Zr_0.2Hf_0.2Ce_0.2Yb_0.2Me_0.2)O_3−x (Me = Y, Gd) ceramics were 12.8 × 10⁻⁶ and 14.1 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ at 1300°C, respectively, which was more closer to the superalloys compared with SrZrO₃ ceramic (11.0 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹).     

高熵(Mg0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2Zn0.2)O纳米粉体的简易制备及超电容性能(英文)

高熵氧化物是一种由高构型熵稳定的新型材料，有望具有独特的电化学性能。采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶法制备了(Mg_0.2Co_0.2Ni_0.2Cu_0.2Zn_0.2)O纳米粉体并研究了其超级电容性能。结果表明：单相(Mg_0.2Co_0.2Ni_0.2Cu_0.2Zn_0.2)O纳米粉体的制备温度随着丙烯酰胺/金属阳离子摩尔比的增加而降低。当丙烯酰胺/金属阳离子摩尔比为120:1时，在900℃煅烧2 h所制备的岩盐相高熵纳米粉体呈现出球形形态，粒径为40～65 nm。该高熵纳米粉体在1 A/g的电流密度下具有402 F/g的比电容；当电流密度增大到20 A/g时，仍然能保持62%的初始比电容；在电流密度为5 A/g时，经过2 000次充放电循环后，电容保持率为61%，该研究表明高熵(Mg_0.2Co_0.2Ni_0.2Cu_0.2...     

钙钛矿型La(Co0.2Cr0.2Fe0.2Mn0.2Ni0.2)O3高熵氧化物的制备及电化学性能

钙钛矿型ABO₃氧化物由于良好的导电性和电化学活性，成为能源存储材料领域的研究热点之一。本研究采用固相反应法制备了钙钛矿型La(Co_0.2Cr_0.2Fe_0.2Mn_0.2Ni_0.2)O₃高熵氧化物锂离子电池(LIBs)负极材料，并将其与二元钙钛矿型LaCoO₃进行了比较。结果表明，随着反应温度由750℃升高到950℃，反应时间由30 min增加到4 h，钙钛矿结构中的杂相逐渐消失，结晶度逐渐增加。所制备的粉体为球形，且各组成元素分布均匀。研究其电化学性能表明，La(Co_0.2Cr_0.2Fe_0.2Mn_0.2Ni_0.2)O₃由于具有熵稳定的晶体结构和多主元协同效应，展示了更高的比容量、更优异的倍率性能和循环稳定性。La(Co_0.2Cr_0.2Fe<...     

(Mg0.2Co0.2Ni0.2Cu0.2Zn0.2)Fe2O4高熵陶瓷的制备与吸波性能

采用固相反应法制备了单相块体(Mg_0.2Co_0.2Ni_0.2Cu_0.2Zn_0.2)Fe₂O₄高熵尖晶石陶瓷。结合X射线衍射，扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪对制备过程中的物相组成、显微结构和元素分布进行分析。随烧结温度的升高陶瓷材料体积密度增大，气孔率降低，1 200℃烧结所得致密高熵尖晶石陶瓷材料呈单相，元素均匀分布，其弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别达43.00 MPa和1.30 MPa·m^1/2。所制备高熵尖晶石陶瓷对电磁波兼具介电损耗和磁损耗能力，其在3.0 mm处可获得最大的有效吸收带宽为12.37 GHz，是具有一定承载能力和优异宽频吸波性能的陶瓷材料。     

(La0.2Sm0.2Nd0.2Y0.2Er0.2)2Zr2O7高熵陶瓷结构及热物理性能研究

采用固相法合成(La_0.2Sm_0.2Nd_0.2Y_0.2Er_0.2)₂Zr₂O₇陶瓷材料,并使用XRD、SEM、热膨胀仪和激光导热仪对其物相、形貌、热膨胀性能和热导率进行测试和分析。结果表明：(La_0.2Sm_0.2Nd_0.2Y_0.2Er_0.2)₂Zr₂O₇陶瓷材料表现为单一的烧绿石结构,晶粒致密,晶界清晰且有较高的致密度,平均热膨胀系数为1.138×10^-5 K^-1,1 000℃时热导率为2.14 W·m^-1·K^-1。     

Effect of the reactive surface area of proton-conducting NiBa0.8Sr0.2Ce0.6Zr0.2Y0.2O3-δ anodes on cell performance

To determine the optimal combination of NiO and Ba_0.8Sr_0.2Ce_0.6Zr_0.2Y_0.2O_3-δ (BSCZY) for fabricating anode materials, Ni-BSCZY samples were prepared using the solid state reaction process. The porous structure of anode substrates not only provides mechanical strength to the fuel cells to enable fuel gases to flow to the electrolyte membrane but also creates an excess surface area on which to form a larger triple-phase boundary when NiO is added to the anode sample. The effect of NiO content on the microstructures, surface area, and electric conductivity of these Ni-BSCZY (NiO55-BSCZY, NiO60-BSCZY, and NiO65-BSCZY) anode materials were systematically investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, an analytic technique based on the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area theory, and four-probe conductivity analysis. In addition, three anode-supported cells containing identical electrolytes but various combinations of NiO and BSCZY anode materials were fabricated and used for performance and electrochemical impedance measurement. The results revealed that the reactive surface area of the anode in contact with the electrolyte plays a crucial role in total cell performance. The cell containing the anode material (NiO60-BSCZY) with the highest surface area of 6.91 m² g⁻¹ and the lowest total resistance of 2.19 Ω cm² exhibited the highest power density of 169.2 mW cm⁻² at 800 °C.     

单晶型和团聚型LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2正极材料性能对比

采用固相合成工艺,对制备出的单晶Li Ni0. 6Co0. 2Mn0. 2O2(S-NCM622)和团聚型Li Ni0. 6Co0. 2Mn0. 2O2(P-NCM622)材料进行物化指标和电性能指标对比。通过激光粒度仪、X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、差热分析DSC等测试分析表明,D50为4. 0μm的SNCM622材料粉末压实密度为3. 4g/cm3,D50为10μm S-NCM622材料粉末压实密度为3. 2 g/cm3。S-NCM622材料3. 0-4. 4 V下扣式电池0. 1C放电容量为190. 5mAh/g,比P-NCM622材料低0. 7mAh/g; 3. 0-4. 4V 45°C下1C充放80周,循环保持率为98%,比PNCM622材料高5%。将两者制作成600mAh的小软包电池,在3. 0-4. 3 V下,60°C放置30天后测试,S-NCM622材料鼓胀率为8. 7%,P-NCM622材料鼓胀率为12. 3%,前者容量恢复率为94. 9%,后者仅为89. 2%。4. 3V下扣电测试DSC,S-NCM622和PNCM622放热峰温度和放热起始点温度分别为284. 1°C、279. 6°C和286. 8°C、283. 5°C。     

Enhanced sintering of Ce0.8Nd0.2O2−δ-La0.8Sr0.2Ga0.8Mg0.2O3−δ using CoO as a sintering aid

Ce_0.8Nd_0.2O_1.9 (NDC) and La_0.8Sr_0.2Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_3-δ (LSGM) electrolytes were prepared using a sol-gel method. NDC-LSGM composite electrolytes were subsequently prepared by adding 5% (w, mass fraction) precalcined LSGM powders to NDC sols. The electrolyte materials of NDC-Co and NDC-LSGM-Co were obtained by adding 1 mol% CoO to NDC sols and NDC-LSGM composite electrolytes, respectively. The microstructure and phase composition of the pellets were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The electrical conductivities of the pellets were measured using alternative current (AC) impedance spectroscopy. The results indicate that a single perovskite phase is observed for the LSGM ceramic, while NDC-Co, NDC-LSGM and NDC-LSGM-Co have a cubic fluorite structure similar to that of NDC. As a sintering aid, CoO can further promote grain growth and increase relative density (＞95%) of the NDC-LSGM composite electrolyte. The enhancement of the total conductivity is primarily attributed to the large increase in the conductivity of the grain boundary. However, the slight decrease of the grain boundary conductivity of the NDC-LSGM-Co electrolyte is caused by the presence of trace amounts of impurity phases in the grain boundaries.     

锂离子电池LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2正极材料的硼元素掺杂改性调控

采用草酸盐共沉淀法结合后续热处理技术制备硼掺杂LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2正极材料.研究了不同硼源(B2O3,H3BO3和LiBO2)掺杂对材料形貌、结构和电化学性能的影响.通过X射线衍射仪和Rietveld精修分析证明了硼(B)元素掺杂到材料晶格中.电化学性能研究表明:B2O3掺杂效果最佳,具有优异的倍率性...     

浸渍Gd0.2Ce0.8O1.9对固体氧化物燃料电池La0.8Sr0.2Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ阴极铬中毒影响的研究

固体氧化物燃料电池连接体中存在铬元素,会对阴极材料产生毒化作用,严重影响了阴极的电化学性能.采用浸渍法制备了用于固体氧化物燃料电池的La0.8Sr0.2Co0.2Fe0.8O3-δ(LSCF)-Gd0.2Ce0.8O1.9(GDC)复合阴极,以电化学测试为基础,结合扫描电子显微镜、电感耦合等离子光谱、X射线光电子能谱等...     

Phase interaction and oxygen transport in La0.8Sr0.2Fe0.8Co0.2O3–(La0.9Sr0.1)0.98Ga0.8Mg0.2O3 composites

Composite ceramics made of two perovskite-type compounds, (La_0.9Sr_0.1)_0.98Ga_0.8Mg_0.2O_3−δ (LSGM) and La_0.8Sr_0.2Fe_0.8Co_0.2O_3−δ (LSFC) mixed in the ratio 60:40 wt.%, possess relatively high oxygen permeability limited by both bulk ionic conduction and surface exchange at 700−950 °C. Sintering at elevated temperatures (1320–1410 °C) necessary to obtain dense materials leads to fast interdiffusion of the components, forming almost single perovskite phase ceramics with local inhomogeneities. This phase interaction decreases the oxygen ionic transport in the composites, where the level of ionic conductivity is intermediate between those of LSGM and LSFC. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) suggests a presence of Ga-enriched domains, probably having a high ionic conductivity. The size and concentration of these domains can be increased by decreasing sintering temperature or using preliminary coarsened LSGM powders. The maximum oxygen permeability is thus observed for the composite prepared under minimum sintering conditions sufficient to obtain gas-tight ceramics, including the use of LSGM, preliminary passivated at 1150 °C, and sintered at 1320 °C. The activation energy values for total conductivity, which is predominantly p-type electronic and slightly decreases due to component interaction, vary in the narrow range from 24.0 to 26.2 kJ/mol at 25–575 °C. The average thermal expansion coefficients (TECs) of LSGM-LSFC composites, calculated from dilatometric data in air, are (12.4–13.5)×10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ at 100–650 °C and (17.8–19.8)×10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ at 650–1000 °C.     

二步合成法制备0.8PMN-0.2PT粉体

以MgO、Nb2O5为原料,按照化学计量比,将原料混合均匀,在1100℃保温4小时生成前驱体MgNb2O6,再将前驱体与TiO2和Pb3O4进行混合均匀,在放入炉中反应制成铌镁酸铅钛酸铅粉末,并用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对制备粉体的晶体结构、形貌进行了表征。结果表明：用两步合成法得到的0.8PMN-0.2PT粉体中含...     

La0.8Sr0.2MnO3涂覆液浓度对La0.8Sr0.2FeO3电极电化学性能的影响

研究了0.005、0.010、0.020、0.035和0.040 mol/L5种不同浓度的La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (LSM)溶液涂覆La0.8Sr0.2FeO3 (LSF)电极后,其电化学性能的变化.X射线衍射结果表明:LSM和LSF化学相容性好.扫描电子显微镜观察可见:电极的晶粒尺寸和涂层厚度随着涂覆液浓度的增加而增加.电化学阻抗谱表明:在阳极极化条件下,经过0.010 mol/L LSM溶液涂覆处理后的LSF电极表现为最佳的电化学性能,其极化电阻在800℃仅为0.3Ω·cm2.而且无论在阳极极化还是阴极极化处理后,涂覆LSM后的LSF电极的极化电阻,1200 s内都呈现下降的趋势,LSM涂覆后的LSF电极具有一定的抗阳极极化的能力,归因于LSM涂层的良好催化特性.因此,0.010 mol/L LSM溶液涂覆处理后的LSF可以作为固体氧化物电解池的阳极材料.