不同修剪处理对苹果幼树一年生光腿枝萌芽和新梢生长的影响

以2013年栽植的矮化"玉华早富"苹果幼树为试材,采用刻芽、轻短截、摘心、涂膜发枝素等修剪方法,研究了不同修剪处理方法对1年生枝条新梢生长和光秃部位萌芽率的影响。结果表明:刻芽处理的萌芽率始终显著高于其它处理,在萌芽期,刻芽处理的萌芽率最高,为97%。涂抹发枝素处理的枝条的萌芽率为0%,与对照之间无显著差异。在萌芽期至坐果期之间,处理的时间越晚,拉枝和刻芽处理的短枝比例越高,但总枝数量减少。在萌芽期后,刻芽处理对培养结果枝组有积极的意义;拉枝处理可减缓枝条新梢的生长。     

苹果春季复剪四注意

正1注意品种特性因为苹果品种不同,其萌芽率和成枝力也不同。萌芽率高和成枝力强的品种,树冠容易郁蔽,冬季修剪时要适当加大修剪量,采取多疏少截,改善光照条件。相反萌芽率较低和成枝力偏弱的品种,修剪量就要从轻处理,适当甩放。复剪时只要树势强壮、花芽充足,就要适当多留花芽,让树体合理负担。2注意树势强弱同一品种、同样树龄的苹果树,幼树和强旺树的修     

梨树修剪应综合考虑的几个因素

1品种特性 不同品种的生长结果习性不同，修剪方法也不尽相同。鸭梨生长势强，顶端优势明显，萌芽率高，成枝力弱，幼树生长直立，中长果枝和腋花芽也能结果，可通过轻剪长放多留枝、拉枝等措施，获得早期丰产。进入盛果期后，主要以短果枝结果为主，果台副梢连续结果后容易形成类似鸡爪的短果枝群，修剪时注意疏除过弱过密的短果枝，适当短截或回缩部分结果母枝；     

不同树龄梨树的修剪

1幼龄期树的修剪定植后于80~100cm处定干,萌发新梢后的顶端50~70cm整形带内留7~8个芽,选5~6个方向不同、分布均匀的健壮枝作主枝培养,其余全部抹除。主枝生长到50~70cm后摘心或短截,促发分枝。疏除过密枝、细弱枝、病虫枝以及扰乱树形的枝条。对中短枝,强者剪顶,弱者缓放。角度小的枝条采用撑、拉、吊等方法,扩大分枝角度,缓和顶端生长优势,促进早成花。总之,幼树修剪应做到少疏多留、轻短截,使之尽快成形。2结果盛期树的修剪修剪的重点是注重枝组的培养,修剪量要适中。树势弱的,重短截骨干枝、延长枝;延伸过长的枝组,在强分枝处回缩、短截;…     

‘粉蓝’兔眼蓝莓适宜授粉品种的筛选

以蓝莓‘杰兔’、‘芭尔德温’和‘蒂芙蓝’为授粉品种,对‘粉蓝’进行异花授粉,以其自花授粉为对照,研究了不同授粉品种对‘粉蓝’坐果率和果实性状的影响,以期为其栽培中选择授粉品种提供参考依据。结果表明:‘粉蓝’兔眼蓝莓虽然具有一定的自交亲和性,但自交后坐果率偏低且显著低于异花授粉,以‘杰兔’和‘芭尔德温’为授粉品种的坐果率显著高于用‘蒂芙蓝’作为授粉品种的坐果率。同时以‘杰兔’和‘芭尔德温’为授粉品种获得的果实单果重与可溶性固形物含量均显著高于用‘蒂芙蓝’授粉和‘粉蓝’自交获得的果实。这些结果表明‘杰兔’和‘芭尔德温’为‘粉蓝’较适宜的授粉品种。     

果树冬剪“五看”

果树冬剪“五看”看树况：果树同品种、同树龄，强旺树的修剪程度宜轻，以缓和树势，从而促进果树花芽的形成，增加结果量。看品种：萌芽力和成枝力都较强的品种，树冠容易郁闭，光照不良，修剪量宜大，修剪时要多疏少截，以改善光照条件。看树龄：对幼树、初结果的果树修...     

杏树夏季咋修剪

杏树夏季修剪是全年修剪中的重要一环。合理的夏剪对幼树快速成形和初果树来年提高产量起着重要的作用。1幼树修剪夏剪幼树时新梢中的徒长枝、竞争枝及背上枝,要重短截或疏除,主侧枝和中心干的延长枝,在6月下旬都应     

早酥梨修剪有技巧

早酥梨幼树生长较旺,枝条常直立生长,萌芽力强,成枝力弱,长枝中度短截后只发2个长枝和少数中枝.成年树以短果枝结果为主.在幼树期要适当多短截和刻芽目伤,以促发短枝,尽量不疏枝,对直立旺枝应在7月份拉平,使其当年发出短枝成花,但结果后应及时回缩,促发新枝.该品种多是靠长放枝上的小型短果枝群结果,所以,对短果枝群不必进行精细修剪,而是将长枝组轮换回缩更新,交替结果.并在初果期用轻截缓放法培养大中型枝组.     

苹果、梨、桃一年生枝剪截反应的相关性

1976～1979年对‘金帅’、‘红玉’、‘巴梨’、‘苹果梨’、‘中熟水蜜’和‘青桃’等品种的一年生枝进行不同修剪处理,从观察7万多一年生枝的抽梢动态表明,一年生枝的角度和剪截量与枝梢的生长势有相关性;植株不同部位的一年生枝的不同剪枝率,其枝梢生长势与其在植株部位的相关性存在着变异。这一变异为乔砧密植果树控制树冠提供可能性。     

‘玛瑙红’樱桃幼树促花修剪技术研究初报

为促进‘玛瑙红’樱桃幼树期尽早成花,对幼树进行刻芽、拉枝、摘心、扭梢的对比试验。结果显示,刻芽和拉枝均有利于‘玛瑙红’樱桃结果枝的形成,摘心、扭梢处理可显著提高当年生枝条的成花比率。     

李离体茎尖的超低温保存

 以简单玻璃化法为基本方法,研究了影响李离体茎尖超低温保存的因子—继代培养时间、低温驯化时间、PVS3处理时间以及化冻后茎尖存活检测;建立了较为简单的李离体茎尖超低温保存技术程序：即选择继代培养120 d的试管材料,经过5 ℃低温驯化21 d,0.7 mol·L^-1蔗糖预培养1 d,PVS3处理100 min,浸入液氮。化冻后茎尖存活率可达60 %以上。     

Shoot production from onion callus tissue cultures

Shoots have been produced on callus derived from onion set and from seedling radicle tissue. Whilst callus of set origin responded optimally to medium containing the cytokinin 6-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-ylamino)-purine (2iP) at 2.00 mg l^?1 and naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at 0.06 mg l^?1, seedling radicle callus showed a range of response. The medium used for callus initiation, the age of callus, and the provision of a dark period following inoculation on to the organogenesis medium have been shown to be critical for shoot formation. A limited number of embryoids have been produced from cultures; their occurrence was usually associated with an increase in shoot numbers for the generative callus tissue. Meristemoid areas have been observed in light micrographs of callus cultured upon organogenesis media.     

迷迭香茎尖培养

以迷迭香茎尖为试验材料,研究了不同浓度的6-BA、NAA对迷迭香茎尖培养植株再生的影响.结果表明:MS 6-BA 1.0 mg/L NAA 0.02 mg/L有利于茎尖培养.1/2 MS IAA 0.3～0.4 mg/L有利于不定根的诱导.     

北方果树冬春季抽条原因与防止措施探讨

本文综述了国内木本果树冬季抽条的研究进展,认为抽条的主要因素是枝条的过度失水引起的。最后提出了果树冬季抽条的综合防治措施。     

草莓叶柄再生不定芽的研究

以吐德拉、全明星、丰香、哈尼等4个草莓品种的组培苗为试验材料,诱导其叶柄再生不定芽。研究结果表明,在供试草莓品种中,吐德拉、全明星的叶柄再生率明显高于丰香和哈尼,叶柄基部再生率明显高于中上部,适宜叶柄再生的培养基为MS＋TDZ 1.0~1.5 mg/L＋NAA 0.05 mg/L。     

Shoot tip culture of Ribes nigrum in vitro

A procedure of shoot tip culture for commercial production of plantlets of Ribes nigrum is described. An average multiplication rate of 4.7 proliferated shoots was achieved within 21 days of shoot tip (1-2 mm) cultures on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1-2 mg 1“1 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.1 mg T1 indole-3-acetic acid. Following 1-3 d of dark treatment with three proliferated shoots per culture tube on half-strength MS medium, 83-96% of these shoots rooted. When these rooted shoots were transferred to wooden boxes with vermiculite as supporting medium for hardening, 97% survived. Plantlets grew well after transplanting to the nursery field. It is concluded that the use of (i) smaller shoot tip explants during shoot profileration stage, (ii) initial three days of dark treatment during the root initiation stage, and (iii) vermiculite as a supporting medium for plantlets during the hardening stage, are economic, efficient and practical procedures for commercial production of plantlets of R. nigrum by shoot tip cultures.     

核桃嫩枝嫁接技术研究

核桃树高接是低产树品种更新的有效措施,但采用传统方块芽接法嫁接时间晚,新梢生长量小且发育不充实,越冬不安全.而5月20-30日采用嫩枝双舌接或嫩枝劈接法,嫁接成活率可达90％以上,嫁接成活新梢长度平均达40cm以上,粗度平均在1.7cm以上;嫁接时间较方块芽接提前10～20d.     

桃离体茎尖的超低温保存及植株再生

 以简单玻璃化法为基本方法, 研究了影响桃离体茎尖超低温保存后存活率的因子———低温驯化时间、蔗糖预培养时间、玻璃化液处理时间及化冻后植株再生条件; 建立了较为适宜的超低温保存技术程序———选择继代培养30 d的试管材料, 5℃低温驯化3～4周, 在含017 mol/L蔗糖的固体培养基预培养2 d, 再经玻璃化液PVS3处理100 min后浸入液氮, 化冻后茎尖存活率可达60%以上。     

Shoot production from cultured Allium porrum tissues

Large numbers of shoots have been obtained from the excised basal regions of leek plants, cultured on BDS medium. Shoots could be induced optimally upon media within the range of 6.0–8.0 mg 1^?1 6-(3-methyl-2-buten-1-ylamino)-purine (2iP) and 1.0–2.0 mg 1^?1 napthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Sub-culture of induced shoots onto fresh media, from the above hormone ranges, resulted in further multiplication. Sub-culture, onto fresh medium from the above hormone ranges, of the callus-like region around the bases of induced shoots and adjacent tissue, could also result in shoot production. Internally developing shoot primordia occurred in close proximity to meristematic regions, whereas superficially developing primordia did not show distinct affinities, although there was evidence of localised pockets of meristematic cells amidst senescing explant material at the surface of the culture. Such regions may represent early stages in the formation of the superficial primordia. The production of large numbers of leek shoots in vitro is mentioned in relation to present techniques of micro-propagation and cryopreservation.     

温室葡萄压条栽培技术

温室栽培葡萄在多年一栽情况下,地上部和地下部发育不够均衡,受结果过多而贮养分不足等因素的影响,连续形成花芽的能力较差,在扣棚期间形成的新梢上,不能或很少分化出花芽,出现花序变小、退化和果枝率下降,容易造成减产和品质下降[1～3]。果实采收前后进行不同形式的更新[4～10