基于MATLAB软件对地磁含噪信号降噪处理算法的新研究

拟通过MATLAB软件对地磁信号因其受到外界高频干扰的影响,进行降噪处理。通过小波分析和数学形态学融合算法所设计的滤波器,同时将该算法所设计的滤波器与小波分析算法所设计的滤波器两者之间进行对比分析,并且计算出降噪后的地磁信号相对于未受干扰记录到的原始地磁正常信号的均方误差值,同时对降噪信号滤波结果相对与未受干扰记录到的原始地磁正常信号对比分析,分别求其信噪比的大小,综合考虑两种不同算法的滤波器对地磁含噪信号处理的优势和劣势。通过仿真测试后,进而得出小波分析与数学形态学融合算法所设计的滤波器能最大化的还原地磁记录到的真实信号。通过该算法的新研究,可以对地磁相对观测数据批量直接处理提供新思路,同时也能提高地磁相对观测数据的内在质量。     

基于Matlab的最小相位滤波在处理影区地震中的初步研究

研究基于Matlab的最小相位滤波器在处理影区地震中的应用。使用共轭倒序法设计滤波器对合肥地震台记录的中国台湾影区地震进行滤波处理,有效抑制地动噪声干扰,突出地震信号特征,为地震分析提供较好的帮助。     

MATLAB软件在鹤岗地震台地震观测记录中的应用

随着数字化地震计的应用和发展,数字观测资料中不仅记录了宽频带地震信息,也包含了大量的干扰信号。在实际工作中,对地震信息的分析处理影响很大,有时还会造成地震波形记录不完整或地震信号淹没在干扰信号中,很难再进行深入的分析和应用。因此,利用MATLAB软件设计IIR数字滤波器对不同记录中的干扰波进行滤波器设计,达到消除干扰波的目的。实例表明,此方法在台站应用效果良好。     

地震信号处理中相位匹配滤波器的设计

相位匹配滤波器是一组线性滤波器,它的傅里叶相位与被检测信号的傅里叶相位相等。本文阐述了相位匹配滤波器的基本原理,并根据已获得的特定路径的频散曲线完成了理论设计,实现了对小震级事件面波信号的检测。使用该相位匹配滤波器对内华达地区的18次核爆事件的面波信号进行检测并计算了面波震级,与ISC公报给出的面波震级比较,相对误差很小。证明了本设计对面波信号的检测是有效的,并且可提高小震级面波信号的信噪比。     

地震资料处理中的聚束滤波方法

聚束滤波方法的基本原理,包括信号与噪音模型、设计准则和所获得的聚束滤波器．本文所用的自适应聚束滤波器是根据具有参数化的动校正量、振幅及相位随偏移距变化（ＭＶＯ、ＡＶＯ及ＰＶＯ）的一次反射和多次反射信号模型而设计的．但在实际应用中ＰＶＯ通常不能得到证实．结果分析能为进一步的从ＡＶＯ及ＰＶＯ获取岩石类型信息的专题研究提供资料．人工合成资料的例子给出了参数化的自适应聚束滤波的实施细节和所设计滤波器的响应特性．实际资料的例子表明数据自适应聚束滤波在叠前共中点道集地震多次波消除上比Ｒａｄｏｎ变换方法更灵活、有效．类似于其它叠前处理过程,自适应聚束滤波的优越性在信噪比较高的资料上体现得最为明显．     

PET前端电子电路滤波器的设计

为了减小PET前端电子电路中信号的噪声干扰,提高信号的信噪比,本文设计了一个二阶无源RC滤波器.用HSPICE、MATLAB对实验数据做了仿真与分析,实验表明该滤波器能够有效地提高信号的信噪比.在此基础之上设计的电子电路可以大幅地降低系统的成本,有助于提高图像重建的质量.     

蚌埠地震台测震干扰分析及处理

对蚌埠地震台测震数据中的干扰信号进行分析,并对其进行滤波处理,结果表明,根据干扰源特性分别设计相应的滤波器,能够解决台站测震数据受到的干扰,达到了预期的效果。     

MATLAB消除腾冲台数字地震记录中干扰波的应用

数字化地震记录资料中包含了大量的干扰信号,影响资料分析处理,有时还造成波形不完整或严重变形,很难进行深入的分析。利用MATLAB设计数字滤波器对不同记录中的干扰波进行滤波,达到消除干扰的目的。实例表明,此方法具有良好的效果。     

模糊嵌套多级中值滤波方法及其在地震数据处理中的应用

多级中值滤波器在地震数据处理应用中,其滤波长度越大,消噪效果越好,但同时也会破坏有效信息. 如果为了保护有效信息而减少滤波长度,又会造成大量的噪声不能消除. 本文提出一种新的模糊嵌套多级中值滤波器,设计一个阀值作为判断参数,使滤波器能够在消除随机噪声时采用长滤波器滤波,而在保留有效信息时采用短滤波器滤波,从而既能很好地消除随机噪声,又能最大限度地保护有效信息,保留有效信息的细节结构. 经过模型分析和实际资料处理都取得了很好的效果.     

根据数字滤波器的频率响应优选数字处理方法

本文根据数字滤波器压制干扰的原理,指出利用数字滤波器的频率响应、优选数字处理方法和确定最佳滤波参数的具体原则。对于那些未给出频率响应函数或周期选择性函数的数字处理方法,可以直接根据计算方法的权系数算出它们的频率响应。计算递归滤波器的频率响应式子,也可以用来计算其它非递归滤波器的频率响应。本文利用重力固体潮汐分析中计算中心点的零点飘移值若干方法的系数和它们的周期选择性函数,分别计算了它们的频率响应,从两者的数值上比较,结果是一致的。本文还计算了目前大家常用的一些数字处理方法,如五日均值、一阶差分、二阶差分、多点数字平滑等方法的频率响应值。并分析了它们的处理效果和方法的局限性。还根据最佳数字滤波器和DAI数字滤波器的频率响应曲线,说明选择数字滤波器和确定最佳滤波参数的具体方法。     

VELOCITY-STACK PROCESSING1

A conventional velocity-stack gather consists of constant-velocity CMP-stacked traces. It emphasizes the energy associated with the events that follow hyperbolic traveltime trajectories in the CMP gather. Amplitudes along a hyperbola on a CMP gather ideally map onto a point on a velocity-stack gather. Because a CMP gather only includes a cable-length portion of a hyperbolic traveltime trajectory, this mapping is not exact. The finite cable length, discrete sampling along the offset axis and the closeness of hyperbolic summation paths at near-offsets cause smearing of the stacked amplitudes along the velocity axis. Unless this smearing is removed, inverse mapping from velocity space (the plane of stacking velocity versus two-way zero-offset time) back to offset space (the plane of offset versus two-way traveltime) does not reproduce the amplitudes in the original CMP gather. The gather resulting from the inverse mapping can be considered as the model CMP gather that contains only the hyperbolic events from the actual CMP gather. A least-squares minimization of the energy contained in the difference between the actual CMP gather and the model CMP gather removes smearing of amplitudes on the velocity-stack gather and increases velocity resolution. A practical application of this procedure is in separation of multiples from primaries. A method is described to obtain proper velocity-stack gathers with reduced amplitude smearing. The method involves a t²-stretching in the offset space. This stretching maps reflection amplitudes along hyperbolic moveout curves to those along parabolic moveout curves. The CMP gather is Fourier transformed along the stretched axis. Each Fourier component is then used in the least-squares minimization to compute the corresponding Fourier component of the proper velocity-stack gather. Finally, inverse transforming and undoing the stretching yield the proper velocity-stack gather, which can then be inverse mapped back to the offset space. During this inverse mapping, multiples, primaries or all of the hyperbolic events can be modelled. An application of velocity-stack processing to multiple suppression is demonstrated with a field data example.     

亚洲MAGSAT卫星磁测数据处理

本文简要介绍了使用的ＭＡＧＳＡＴ数据变量，磁测数据的筛选，卫星磁练习薄宾提取，以及卫星磁异常图的编绘。     

PROCESSING SHEAR-WAVE VSP DATA*

Shear-wave arrivals in vertical seismic profiling recordings made with Vibroseis can be more accurately determined by wavelet processing and spectrum whitening. This method aids discrimination of shear-wave arrivals against P-wave disturbances. The data, thus improved, can be used to determine the main axis of shear-wave polarization for each sounding depth in order to maximize shear-wave amplitude by properly adding the two horizontal component signals vectorially.     

黄土微结构图像处理的方法

本介绍了对黄土微结构电镜图像进行图像处理的常用方法。这些方法可以去除图像噪声，提高图像的对比度，使得图像便于进行人工解译或借助软件的图像分析。     

SINGLE-TRACE PROCESSING USING ITERATIVE CDP-STACKING*

The use of conventional CDP-stacking in the processing of reflection data imposes restrictions on the horizontal and vertical resolution. Ideally, the final seismic section should consist only of short offset or, in practice, near-trace primary energy. Through the use of the iterative stacking algorithm, the signal-to-noise ratio on a single trace in the CDP-gather may be improved to an extent comparable to what occurs on a conventional stacked trace. By using this approach and treating the near-trace section after iterative stacking as the final section, the seismic resolution can be improved.     

ON VERTICAL SEISMIC PROFILE PROCESSING*

From the wealth of information which can be deduced from VSP, the information most directly comparable to well logs is considered: P-wave and S-wave interval velocity, acoustic impedance, and the velocity ratio γ=V_s/V_p. This information not only allows better interpretation of surface seismic sections but also improves processing. For these results to be usable a number of precautions must be taken during acquisition and processing; the sampling in depth should be chosen in such a way that aliasing phenomena do not unnecessarily limit the spectra during the separation of upwards and downwards travelling waves. True amplitudes should be respected and checked by recording of signatures, and the interference of upwards and downwards travelling waves should be taken into account for the picking of first arrivals. The different steps in processing and the combination of results in the interpretation of surface seismic results are described with actual records.     

FIELD PROCESSING OF MAGNETIC DATA*

This paper deals with the practical problem of processing magnetic data in the field, and it shows how the parameters describing a geological contact can be obtained quickly and conveniently on the basis of five measurements. The complete interpretation can be performed in the field using a programmable calculator. For a small ground-party the method greatly improves the quality of the field-work and the interpretation of the magnetic data. The method has been applied to the data from a magnetic survey over the Mooki Fault (Gunnedah-Manilla, N.S.W.), and the results are discussed as an illustration of the efficacity of the method as a field procedure.     

地震测深数据文件及其处理系统

本文在我国大规模开展地震测深工作的基础上,提出了地震测深数据文件系统,其目的在于在测深资料解释中引进数字处理技术,增加地震记录可用的信息量,建立地震测深数据库,从而促进我国深部研究工作中资料的相互交流. 在IBM-PC/XT微型计算机上,与本文的数据文件系统相应的数据采集、文件组织、绘制地震记录截面图以及对数字记录进行预处理等方面软件设计已经完成,从而建立了较完善的地震测深数据处理软件包.这个软件包在野外的使用表明,它具有效率高、使用方便的优点.     

人工爆炸地震野外数据处理装置

1988年底在华南地区连县-港口近400km的测线上,首次使用了中国科学院地球物理研究所研制的人工爆炸地震野外数据处理装置.该装置由AT型微机及必要的接口板和外围装置组成,能在野外条件下把模拟或数字记录仪记录结果以数字数据形式输入计算机,并进行显示、打印、存储等操作.由于成功地解决了诸如磁带信号直接屏幕扫描搜寻,时间信号自动识别、解码,钟差和零时信号屏幕光点比测,采样率随磁带速度自动调节,多通道长时间信号连续存储,数字滤波和再采样,用普通打印机快速打印高分辨率图形等技术问题,我们在野外记录后2-3天内即能绘出全测线120道记录的剖面图,达到了前所未有的高速度.