膳食纤维的国内外研究进展

论述了膳食纤维的国内外研究现状与发展趋势,其中包括膳食纤维的分离制备、测定方法、生理功能和应用研究等。指出了我国应重点开发和充分利用膳食纤维的丰富资源,形成多种膳食纤维生产的龙头产业。     

国内外膳食纤维的研究进展

论述了膳食纤维的国内外研究现状与发展趋势,包括膳食纤维的定义演化、常用测定方法、分离制备、改性及生理功能等.     

柿果膳食纤维饮料的研制

研究了柿果膳食纤维饮料的加工工艺技术和生产条件，并对柿果的脱涩方法和膳食纤维的测定方法进行了探讨。     

膳食纤维及其在慢性疾病防治中的作用

膳食纤维是指来源于植物的不被小肠消化酶水解而直接进入大肠的多糖和极少量木质素的总和.现代医学已明确膳食纤维与很多疾病的防治相关.本文介绍了膳食纤维的定义、分类、理化性质、生理功效;膳食纤维代谢产物短链脂肪酸的作用;着重分析了膳食纤维在常见慢性病防治中的地位,包括糖尿病、结肠疾病、胆石症等.介绍了膳食纤维的测定方法;我国居民膳食纤维实际摄入量以及膳食纤维的参考摄入量标准.     

酶重量法测定食品中膳食纤维含量方法的改进

对酶重量法测定食品中总膳食纤维、不溶性膳食纤维和可溶性膳食纤维含量的方法进行了改进,利用磷酸缓冲液取代了价格较高的MESI-TR IS缓冲液,并在过滤过程中采用热过滤法以加快过滤速度。利用改进法对燕麦片和红枣粉为原料与传统测定方法进行了比较,结果表明,两种方法测定结果基本一致。同时,对改进法在不同实验室进行了对比测定,发现该方法稳定性较好,可以代替传统的AOAC测定方法。     

食品中膳食纤维测定方法的建立

该综述了膳食纤维的定义,结构,功能和分析方法,针对目前我国食品中膳食纤维的测定方法进行了实验研究。结果证明,采用中性洗涤剂法,并结合α－淀粉酶前处理,可以建立食物中不溶性膳食纤维的测定法,多次重复性实验的相对偏差完全达到国标≤5％的标准。     

谷物不溶性膳食纤维改进的快速测定方法研究

为了解决谷物不溶性膳食纤维的测定方法中因淀粉含量高造成过滤困难的问题,对美国谷物化学家协会审批方法AACC方法32-20(1999)谷物不溶性膳食纤维测定方法进行了改进研究。改进后测定的谷物不溶性膳食纤维值与AACC方法32-20(1999)测定值基本一致,两种方法的精密度差异不显著,微晶纤维素回收率为97.75%。改进的快速测定方法的过滤时间(15min)比AACC方法缩短了65min,占AACC方法过滤时间(90min)的19%,缩短了81%。改进的快速测定方法酶解时间为1.5h,比AACC方法(酶解时间为18h)少了16.5h。     

功能性食品添加剂-膳食纤维

膳食纤维作为人体必不可少的“第七营养素”,因其丰富而独特的理化特性及生理功能而备受关注.文章主要论述了膳食纤维的研究现状,包括对膳食纤维的定义、分类、理化特性、生理功能、制备方法、测定方法等,为进一步研究开发其在功能食品中应用提供参考.     

膳食纤维的制备、性能测定及改性的研究进展

大量的研究表明膳食纤维具有控制人体体重、改善肠道功能、清除有毒物质等生理功能,对人体的健康起着积极的作用。我国物产资源丰富,可利用的膳食纤维资源开发潜力大,制备高生物活性的膳食纤维产品是近年来研究热点之一。本文通过对国内外膳食纤维的制备、性能测定及改性等方面的相关研究过程和结果进行分析比较,指出了膳食纤维的提取和脱色的方法和特点,归纳总结了代表膳食纤维主要性能的测定方法,并就膳食纤维的改性技术进行探讨,为膳食纤维制备工艺的优化、产品生物活性的提高等未来研究提供帮助和参考。本文还就其未来的应用前景进行展望和建议。     

膳食纤维及其在食品工业中的应用

主要对膳食纤维的分类,原料加工品种生理功能,分离制备技术,测定方法,过量摄入可能的副作用,推荐的摄入量,膳食纤维的改性,同时,对其在食品工业中的应用及其研究发展方向和开发利用前景进行了综述。     

Dietary fibre: Challenges in production and use of food composition data

Dietary fibre is a heterogeneous group of components for which several definitions and analytical methods were developed over the past decades, causing confusion among users and producers of dietary fibre data in food composition databases. An overview is given of current definitions and analytical methods. Some of the issues related to maintaining dietary fibre values in food composition databases are discussed.     

Towards an updated methodology for measurement of dietary fiber,including associated polyphenols,in food and beverages

The analytical dietary fiber (DF) methods most widely used today were developed to determine non-starch polysaccharides and lignin. Updated dietary fiber definition includes all indigestible plant food constituents. Recent methods have proposed the measurement of resistant starch and oligosaccharides, but other major indigestible constituents such as polyphenolic compounds and resistant protein are still omitted in dietary fiber analysis. There is scientific evidence that an appreciable amount of dietary polyphenols are associated with the dietary fiber matrix, being a fermentable substrate for bacterial microflora. The objective of this work was to show polyphenols compounds are major constituents of dietary fiber and to propose a procedure for their measurement. Results showed that polyphenols are major constituents of DF, accounting from 1.4% to 50.7% (dry weight) of insoluble dietary fiber in plant foods and from 2.9% to 62.8% of soluble dietary fiber in common beverages.     

食源性晚期糖基化终末产物检测技术研究进展

晚期糖基化终末产物（advanced glycation end products,AGEs）是还原糖与蛋白质自由氨基间发生美拉德反应形成的一类异质性共价化合物的总称。研究发现食源性AGEs摄入后会在体内蓄积并对机体健康产生有害影响,因此有必要开展食物中各类AGEs的检测分析研究。食品中的AGEs种类繁多、结构复杂,目前缺少通用的检测分析方法。因此,本文针对食源性AGEs的结构和类型、与人体健康的关系以及相关检测技术进行综述,重点介绍食源性AGEs的免疫分析和仪器分析方法,深入探讨各类技术的特点和优劣势,并对后续研究方向进行展望,以期为食源性AGEs检测技术的发展以及相关研究体系的形成提供参考和借鉴。     

Sources of error in dietary fibre analysis

The following error sources in the present dietary fibre (DF) analytical methods were investigated: (1) the omission of the protease treatment of samples may modify the results by increasing the Klason lignin fraction and altering the content and/or distribution of polysaccharides; (2) some soluble dietary fibre (SDF) constituents can be retained in the insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) matrix affecting the insoluble and soluble fraction distribution; (3) protein, ash and blank corrections in gravimetric analysis involve a lack of precision, over- or undervaluing the actual DF contents; (4) the Klason lignin fractions obtained by acid hydrolysis of DF residues are made up of different components and artifacts besides lignin.

These studies included both new observations and additional quantitative evidence on error sources previously mentioned in the literature. In some cases the published methods were modified to emphasize the methodological errors.     

膳食纤维定义及分析方法研究进展

随分析方法学及生理学方面的研究日益深入,膳食纤维在定义上进行了扩充,分析方法也有了一定的发展。为了解不同分析方法及其适用的范围,本文综述了膳食纤维定义的演变、常用分析方法,比较了不同分析方法膳食纤维测定值,并对几种不消化碳水化合物(抗性淀粉、果聚糖、多聚葡萄糖等)的分析方法能否作为AOAC酶重量法的补充进行了说明。     

膳食纤维测定方法研究进展

膳食纤维对身体健康有着重要的作用,已成为国际研究重要课题。对膳食纤维测定方法的研究进展进行了小结,介绍了溶剂法、酶法、化学分析法的特点及其改进,结合新推广的仪器法,并对一些存在的问题提出解决方法。     

Determination of Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins in dietary supplements by application of a new HPLC/FD method

Over the past years the importance of food additives and the development of so-called novel food increased permanently. Especially, the application of dietary supplements was on the rise. Then, more and more new products based on plants hitherto not used for human consumption were launched. Algae products containing valuable amounts of essential nutrients such as amino acids and trace elements play a decisive role. On the other hand, some algae including the blue-green algae (cyanobacteria) are capable of synthesizing harmful substances depending on species and provenience. Therefore, methods must be available to evaluate possible risks caused by toxins in algae-based dietary supplements. There are different groups of toxins related to marine algae and cyanobacteria. However, both marine algae and cyanobacteria are able to produce Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) toxins which are potential neurotoxins. Hence, analytical methods for PSP determination have to be developed. The method for PSP toxin determination described below is based on ion-pair chromatography of the underivatized PSP toxins followed by post-column oxidation and fluorescence detection (FD). The determination of very low amounts of PSP toxins in different matrices of novel food is possible. In addition, the method allows to compare PSP profiles of various algae-based dietary supplements.     

Analysis of dietary fibre.

An analytical procedure for the determination of dietary fibre in food is described. The method consists of an enzymic in vitro digestion with pepsin, pancreatin arid glucoamylase. Insoluble fibres are recovered by centrifuging and soluble fibres by precipitation with ethanol. The method has been applied to 19 cereal fibres, vegetables and fruits and compared to the neutral and acid detergent methods. The soluble fibres accounted for 4–60% of the total dietary fibre. The component sugars and uronic acids of several fibre fractions have been quantitatively determined. The mild biochemical treatment of the samples makes it possible to study further physical properties of dietary fibres important for their physiological action.     

The contribution of dietary nicotine and dietary cotinine to salivary cotinine levels as a nicotine biomarker

Dietary nicotine, as a source of nicotine biomarkers such as salivary cotinine, has been a controversial topic, mainly because of limited published data on nicotine in foods. Recently, a sample preparation method for nicotine in foods and an analytical method, based on gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection, were developed and validated in our laboratory. Nicotine was determined in fresh, cooked and processed foods of the Solanaceae family. In this study we have furthered this work to investigate the presence of cotinine in these vegetables, using GC–MS and HPLC–MS as independent alternative analytical techniques. A large number of samples was investigated, but cotinine was not detected in any of the samples, although very high sensitivity could be achieved. Based on the results, we report a Monte Carlo simulation of salivary cotinine levels obtained utilising dietary nicotine, food consumption data, and the variance in these parameters. In this estimate, a mean salivary cotinine concentration of 0.022 ng ml⁻¹ is predicted from dietary sources. This level is below the limit of detection for traditional analytical methods, but perhaps not for newly-developed methods.