大蒜提取液对苯并芘诱发小鼠遗传损伤的防护作用

大蒜提取液对苯并芘诱发小鼠遗传损伤的防护作用赵景春，刘秀兰做为食物兼中药的大蒜（Ａｌｌｉｕｍｓａｔｉｖｕｍ）是百合科多年生草本植物，有解毒消痛之功效。大蒜的防癌、抗癌作用已有报道，它的抗诱变作用与其抗癌作用是相一致的。我们以姊妹染色单体交换（ＳＣＥ）...     

保健佳品——大蒜

大蒜性温、味辛、人脾胃经。能开胃健脾。治疗肠炎痢疾。据现代药理研究认为,大蒜抑制多种细菌,有化脓杆菌、结核杆菌、痢疾杆菌、伤寒杆菌、霍乱弧菌,也有防癌抗癌作用。另外大蒜外用可治疮疡。所以常吃大蒜有益健康。大蒜营养丰富,不仅含有蛋白质、糖、脂肪和各种维生素,还含有一定数量的常量元素和微量元素。大蒜即可作主要食品,也可作为调味品。     

茶叶的防癌抗癌机理

茶是最受人喜欢的饮料之一,品茶更是一种享受。茶叶具有许多生物学活性和药理作用,如防癌抗癌、抗炎、抗病毒、清除自由基和抗氧化等。其中以防癌抗癌倍受关注。茶叶的防癌抗癌作用与其含的主要成分茶多酚有关。     

微量元素硒的防癌抗癌作用

目的与方法：通过近几年国内外文献检索，综述了微量元素硒防癌抗癌作用研究进展。结果与结论：近年来的研究表明，硒对动物和人体肿瘤有预防和治疗作用。特别是胃肠道癌和肝癌等受硒的影响最明显，补硒能使其发病率和死亡率下降，硒的防癌抗癌机制是多方面的，其中，硒能增强机体免疫系统是其防癌抗癌的重要机制之一。     

健康大蒜的7种做法

【大蒜食疗作用】 1．消炎杀菌 大蒜挥发油所含大蒜辣素等具有明显的抗炎灭菌作用，尤其对上呼吸道和消化道感染、霉菌性角膜炎、隐抱子菌感染有显著的功效。 2．降血脂，抗动脉硬化 大蒜有效成分能显著降低高脂血症，提示大蒜具有降血脂、抗动脉粥样硬化的作用。 3．预防肿瘤，抗癌 大蒜素及其同系物能有效地抑制癌细胞活性，使之不能正常生长代谢，最终导致癌细胞死亡；大蒜液能阻断霉菌使致癌物质硝酸盐还原为亚硝酸盐而防治癌肿；大蒜中的锗和硒等元素有良好的抑制癌瘤或抗癌作用；大蒜素还能激活巨噬细胞的吞噬能力，增强人体免疫功能，预防癌症的发生。     

微量元素硒的防癌抗癌作用

微量元素硒的防癌抗癌作用刘国廉李煜樊飞跃杨素霞周淑珍（军事医学科学院放射医学研究所，北京１００８５０）流行病学研究表明，地区硒水平与该地区的肿瘤发病率呈负相关．因此，硒的防癌抗癌作用研究引起社会的关注．本研究采用体外细胞转化模型，分别观察了硒对电离辐...     

长寿食品——红薯

红薯又叫红苕、地瓜,因其具有保健养生作用而被誉为长寿食品.那么,吃红薯究竟有什么作用? 防癌抗癌 饮食中具有抗癌作用的营养物质是β-胡萝卜素、维生素C和叶酸,而红薯中这3种成分都比较丰富,常吃红薯有助于维持上述抗癌成分水平,减少患癌症的风险性.     

白黎芦醇的化学防癌作用及其分子机制的研究进展

近年来,在实验中许多天然存在的物质表现出防癌作用。白黎芦醇是一种植物抗毒素,在葡萄、红葡萄酒、多种浆果和坚果中含量丰富,对多种肿瘤具有化学防癌或抗癌活性,这使白黎芦醇极有希望成为一种有效的化学预防药。本文主要就白黎芦醇的化学防癌活性及其分子机制的研究进展进行综述。     

淮杞洋参炖海参

【主持人】今天我们要给大家介绍一道防癌抗癌的药膳淮杞洋参炖海参。海参被称为近乎完美的食品,具有防癌抗癌功效。我们先一起到厨房去看看需要哪些准备工作。     

鲨烯的体外和体内抗诱变作用

鲨烯是生物体内从乙酰辅酶Ａ合成胆固醇的中间代谢物，鲨烯在鲨鱼肝内含量较高。鲨鱼是极少患癌症的脊椎动物，据认为与其体内的防癌抗癌物质如鲨烯及软骨多糖有关。对鲨烯的防癌抗癌作用我们曾作过综述［１］，现报道鲨烯在沙门氏菌致突变试验和小鼠骨髓微核试验的抗诱变...     

Optimal use of resources for the treatment and prevention of injuries

Injuries are an important cause of mortality and morbidity. Although accidental injury rates have been declining throughout the twentieth century in the UK, this pattern has been variable. For example, in young adults aged 15-24 years there has been no improvement and, when deliberate injuries are included, the picture is worsening. Although there is little evidence that road traffic accident case fatality rates have been improving, there is some evidence that improvements in trauma care have been responsible for reducing injury death rates in children. Thus, although there have been considerable successes in the primary prevention of accidents, and the secondary prevention of injuries in accidents, there is an important role for tertiary prevention, that is in the prevention of avoidable outcomes through good trauma care.     

慢性炎症气道粘液高分泌治疗药物研究进展

目的:介绍慢性炎症气道粘液高分泌的治疗进展.方法:查阅近年来国内外文献.结果:多种针对粘液高分泌发生过程不同环节的抑制性药物开发取得了一定进展,或处于临床前期实验阶段,或已应用于临床治疗.结论:通过使用新型药物,可加强粘液纤毛系统清除功能并改善异常的粘液流变学性质,此方面观念的加强和使用实践必将对慢性气道炎症性疾病的治疗产生积极影响.     

The premenstrual syndrome: a review of the present status of therapy

Treatment of the premenstrual syndrome is complicated by many factors, but principally by its unknown aetiology. In addition, diagnosis, definition and symptom evaluation methods are unclear. The multitudinous studies of treatment regimens have been largely inconclusive; this is partly due to difficulties in numerically evaluating the symptoms, but more to the lack of appreciation of the marked placebo effect which has been estimated as being up to 50%. The majority of studies have been open studies, and therefore interpretation of the results have been almost impossible. The end result is that great claims have been made for a large number of therapeutic agents on ill-founded evidence. Some of the drugs used in the treatment of the premenstrual syndrome, however, have been better evaluated than others, although even with those studied more extensively results have often been variable. Thus, hormonal agents such as progestagens and oral contraceptives, diuretics, pyridoxine, bromocriptine and danazol have been effective in some studies but not universally so. The latter 2 agents seem to be effective in relieving breast symptoms, but have only a limited effect on other symptoms. It is therefore important to realise that one drug does not cure all patients or all symptoms, although it is often claimed that this is the case. It has been suggested that more than 40% of women suffer from premenstrual syndrome. Greater awareness of the problem, both by patients and doctors, necessitates a more rational approach to therapy.     

Pharmacotherapy of obsessive-compulsive disorder

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a potentially devastating illness, both to the patient and family members. Its etiology is unclear, but some evidence points toward dysfunction in an orbitofrontal striatal-limbic neuronal loop. Although many agents have been used, clomipramine, a tricyclic antidepressant, appears to be the most promising therapy. Clomipramine was approved by the Food and Drug Administration and released for general use in early 1990 under the brand name Anafranil. Clomipramine's adverse effect profile is similar to that of currently marketed tricyclic antidepressants; however, it is associated with a higher frequency of seizures, estimated to be 0.7%. Although other serotonergic agents such as fluoxetine have shown promise in OCD, they have been studied only in a limited number of patients. Other agents, with the possible exception of monoamine oxidase inhibitors, either have resulted in inconsistent improvement or have been reported in an anecdotal fashion.     

The expanding role of angiotensin receptor blockers in the management of the elderly hypertensive

SUMMARY

The world faces the challenge of an ageing population, and for developed countries, the particular challenge is the increasing number of very old people, over 80 years of age. Hypertension is a condition associated with increasing age, but elderly patients with hypertension are often difficult to manage. Nevertheless, treatment of hypertension is of greatest value in older patients who often have additional risk factors or cardiovascular disease. Older patients have generally tolerated antihypertensive therapy well in randomised, placebo-controlled trials. The tolerability of angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) is better than that of many other classes of drugs currently used for the management of hypertension and these drugs have virtually no contraindications. Thus, ARBs have a bright future in the management of hypertension and in the treatment of stroke and cognitive decline in the elderly.     

Physico-chemical aspects of lactose for inhalation

A dry powder inhaler (DPI) is a dosage form that consists of a powder formulation in a device which is designed to deliver an active ingredient to the respiratory tract. It has been extensively investigated over the past years and several aspects relating to device and particulate delivery mechanisms have been the focal points for debate. DPI formulations may or may not contain carrier particles but whenever a carrier is included in a commercial formulation, it is almost invariably lactose monohydrate. Many physicochemical properties of the lactose carrier particles have been reported to affect the efficiency of a DPI. A number of preparation methods have been developed which have been claimed to produce lactose carriers with characteristics which lead to improved deposition. Alongside these developments, a number of characterization methods have been developed which have been reported to be useful in the measurement of key properties of the particulate ingredients. This review describes the various physicochemical characteristics of lactose, methods of manufacturing lactose particulates and their characterization.     

Assessment of NeuroAIDS in the International Setting

The global burden of the HIV epidemic is staggering, but in the short term, it is largely unfelt in the developed world. Almost one million people have been infected with HIV in North America, and the results of effective antiretroviral therapy have dramatically improved survival and quality of life. However, there are 25 million infected in sub-Saharan Africa alone, and antiretroviral treatment is scarce. Ninety-five percent of new infections occur in the developing world where resources are limited. Very little is known about NeuroAIDS in the developing world where few studies have been conducted on the neurologic and neurocognitive effects of antiretroviral treatment. HIV Clade differences and other factors could have dramatic effects on treatment effectiveness. There are a number of barriers in the assessment of neurological and neurocognitive effects in resource limited settings and some of these will be addressed.     

The safety of tocolytics used for the inhibition of preterm labour

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Preterm birth is the major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide and a huge cost burden on healthcare. Between 22 and 26 completed weeks of gestation, for every day that delivery is delayed, survival increases by 3%.

Areas covered: Following a systematic review of the literature, we have provided an overview of the use of tocolytics for the prevention of preterm birth and have examined the fetal and maternal adverse effects of the various tocolytic agents currently in use.

Expert opinion: No tocolytic currently in use was developed specifically to treat preterm labour so most have multi-organ side effects. β₂-agonists are relatively safe for the fetus but have rare and potentially serious maternal adverse effects. In contrast, prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors have potentially serious side effects for the fetus and neonate but have mild maternal gastrointestinal side effects. In Europe, the choice of first line therapy is either atosiban or nifedipine. The evidence base for atosiban is much more robust than for nifedipine. While their efficacy is similar, atosiban has placebo level side effects and is safer than nifedipine but is much more expensive.     

A review of quantitative studies of benzene metabolism

Benzene is a ubiquitous, highly flammable, colorless liquid that is a known hematotoxin, myelotoxin, and human leukemogen. Benzene-induced toxicity in animals is clearly mediated by its metabolism. The mechanisms of acute hemato- and myelotoxicity in humans are almost certainly the same as in animals, and there is compelling evidence that metabolism is requisite for the induction of leukemia in humans. A very large number of experimental investigations of benzene metabolism have been conducted with animals, both in vivo and in vitro. There have also been many investigations of benzene metabolism in humans and with human tissues, Although the blood or tissue concentrations of benzene metabolites in humans resulting from benzene exposure have never been measured. Further, a number of mathematical models of benzene metabolism and dosimetry have been developed. In this article, we consider results from both experimental and mathematical modeling research, with particular emphasis on the last decade, and discuss the factors that are likely to be most influential in the metabolism of benzene.     

A Review of Quantitative Studies of Benzene Metabolism

Benzene is a ubiquitous, highly flammable, colorless liquid that is a known hematotoxin, myelotoxin, and human leukemogen. Benzene-induced toxicity in animals is clearly mediated by its metabolism. The mechanisms of acute hemato- and myelotoxicity in humans are almost certainly the same as in animals, and there is compelling evidence that metabolism is requisite for the induction of leukemia in humans. A very large number of experimental investigations of benzene metabolism have been conducted with animals, both in vivo and in vitro. There have also been many investigations of benzene metabolism in humans and with human tissues, Although the blood or tissue concentrations of benzene metabolites in humans resulting from benzene exposure have never been measured. Further, a number of mathematical models of benzene metabolism and dosimetry have been developed. In this article, we consider results from both experimental and mathematical modeling research, with particular emphasis on the last decade, and discuss the factors that are likely to be most influential in the metabolism of benzene.