灵芝提取物抗肿瘤作用的实验研究

目的探讨一种灵芝提取物体内外抗肿瘤作用。方法应用小鼠H22肝癌移植瘤模型,研究灵芝提取物的体内抗肿瘤作用;采用MTT法检测灵芝提取物的体外抗肿瘤活性。结果①灵芝提取物对H22移植瘤呈剂量依赖性抑制作用,500 mg.kg-1组的瘤重抑制百分率达59.3%,与阴性对照组比较有统计学差异（P〈0.01）;②MTT法检测显示灵芝提取物对K562和HL60两种瘤株有较强抑制作用,对SMMC7221、HepG2、SW480、SW1116和SGC7901五种瘤株抑制作用较弱。结论灵芝提取物在体外及体内均有较强的抗肿瘤作用,其有效成分及机制有待进一步研究。     

白术抗肿瘤活性成分及其抗肿瘤机制研究进展附视频

白术,来源于菊科植物白术(Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz)的干燥根茎。白术活性成分对胃癌、肝癌、肺癌、食管癌、卵巢癌、结直肠癌、宫颈癌等肿瘤细胞显示出广泛的抗肿瘤活性,其主要作用机制涉及以下几个方面:诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,抑制肿瘤细胞增殖,抑制肿瘤细胞迁移、侵袭和转移,调节肿瘤微环境和调控机体免疫功能等。对白术的研究一直是天然药物和药理学领域的热点之一,随着研究的深入,对白术抗肿瘤活性成分及其抗肿瘤作用机制的研究也不断地丰富,因此,该综述对白术抗肿瘤有效活性成分及其作用机制进行归纳总结,以期为白术抗肿瘤作用的深入研究提供夯实的理论基础和科学依据。     

鸡血藤提取物的抗肿瘤作用研究

目的：研究鸡血藤提取物的体内与体外抗肿瘤作用。方法：采用mT法检测鸡血藤提取物对体外培养的5种肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制作用;体内试验采用小鼠实体瘤S180细胞株接种小鼠,建立实体瘤与腹水瘤模型。计算抑瘤率与生命延长率。结果：鸡血藤提取物在5μg／ml-80μg/ml剂量的范围内对5种肿瘤细胞均有抑制作用。体内试验小鼠分另吐灌胃给予20mg/kg、50mg／kg、100mg／kg,能抑制小鼠体内肿瘤增长。也能明显提高腹水瘤小鼠的生命延长率。结论：鸡血藤提取物在体外对不同组织来源的肿瘤细胞增殖有明显的抑制作用;在体内能抑制小鼠体内瘤体生长,明显延长小鼠的生存期。     

不饱和脂肪酸抗肿瘤作用研究进展

目的 :介绍近年来不饱和脂肪酸抗肿瘤作用的研究与应用进展情况。方法 :通过检索近几年国内外文献 ,综述不饱和脂肪酸抗肿瘤作用的构效关系、体内外抑瘤作用、抑瘤机理、金属元素等对抑瘤作用的影响、分布与开发等。结果 :某些不饱和脂肪酸的抗肿瘤作用明显。结论 :不饱和脂肪酸作为抗肿瘤药物前景广阔     

放置的大蒜提取液抗氧化、抗肿瘤及降血脂的机制

目的：综述放置提取液抗氧化及抗肿瘤、降血脂的机制。方法；查询国外献，探讨放置的大蒜提取液的抗氧化机制及抗肿瘤、降血脂的作用。结果：放置的大蒜提取液有抗氧化作用，可以阻断早期和晚期肿瘤在许多组织中生长，可以降低低密度脂蛋白的氧化修饰。结论：长期放置的大蒜提取液具有广泛的抗氧化作用，降能代血脂，降低肿瘤发病率。     

海蟑螂提取物的抗肿瘤作用

目的考察海蟑螂提取物的抗肿瘤作用。方法采用温浸、减压浓缩、冷冻干燥制备海蟑螂提取物;MTT法检测其对人子宫颈癌细胞（HeLa）、人胃癌细胞（7901）、人非大细胞肺癌细胞（NCI）和正常人体成纤维细胞（929）的生长抑制作用;考察对小鼠移植性肉瘤（S180）生长的影响。结果海蟑螂提取物对HeLa,7901,NCI细胞的生长均有明显的抑制作用;对正常的人成纤维细胞的生长无明显抑制效应。海蟑螂提取物腹腔注射0．25,0．50,1.00g·kg^-1共7d,对S180的抑瘤率分别为26．9％,45．3％和64．6％。结论海蟑螂提取物在体内外均有显著的抗肿瘤作用,且毒性较低。     

熊果酸抗肿瘤作用研究进展

肿瘤是严重威胁人类健康的恶性疾病,寻找安全有效的抗癌药是治疗肿瘤的关键。熊果酸（UA）是广泛存在于天然植物中的一种五环的三萜类化合物,具有多种生物学活性,包括抗菌、抗结核、保护肝脏、降压、降血糖等作用。近年来其抗肿瘤作用日益受到人们重视。其抗肿瘤机制可通过多种途径进行调节,包括抑制细胞增殖、诱导细胞凋亡、抑制血管生成、抗侵袭、抗突变、抗氧化和免疫调节等作用。本文将近年来国内外对熊果酸抗肿瘤作用的研究进展综述如下。     

鬼臼毒素抗肿瘤作用研究进展

近年对鬼臼毒素的有效成分及其衍生物进行了较深入的抗肿瘤作用研究。本文就其抗肿瘤的作用机理、,体内过程和抗免疫作用作一综述,为进一步开发抗肿瘤药物提供依据。     

不饱和脂肪酸抗肿瘤作用研究进展

目的;介绍近年来不饱和脂肪酸抗肿瘤作用的研究与应用进展情况。方法;通过检索近几年国内外文献,综述不饱和脂肪酸抗肿瘤作用的构效关系。体内外抑瘤作用,抑瘤机理,金属元素等对抑瘤作用的影响,分布与开发等。结果：某些不饱和脂肪酸的抗肿瘤作用明显。结论：不饱和脂肪酸作为抗肿瘤药物前景广阔。     

苦参碱抗肿瘤作用研究进展

苦参为传统中药,系豆科植物苦参(Sophora flavescensAit)的干燥根.其中含有多种生物碱,但主要为苦参碱(ma-trine)和氧化苦参碱(oxymatrine)[1].苦参碱具有抗肿瘤、抗心律失常、抗炎等多种药理作用,广泛应用于临床,尤其抗肿瘤活性,近年来受到极大的关注,现就苦参碱的抗肿瘤作用研究近况进行综述.     

大蒜中蒜氨酸的分离与鉴定

目的 蒜氨酸的分离与鉴定。方法 采用硅胶色谱柱分离，物理、化学和光谱学方法鉴定结构。结果 确定了蒜氨酸的结构。结论 第一次利用1D-NMR和2D-NMR技术完整地确定了蒜氨酸中所有碳氢的信号归属。     

小根蒜甾体皂苷类成分的分离鉴定及抗癌活性

目的对小根蒜中甾体皂苷类成分进行分离和结构鉴定,并对得到的化合物进行体外抗癌活性评价.方法使用大孔吸附树脂、硅胶、ODS柱色谱及制备高效液相色谱等方法,通过化合物的理化性质及各种光谱技术鉴定化合物的结构.采用MTT法测定化合物体外抗癌活性.结果从小根蒜60%(φ)乙醇提取物中分离得到8个甾体皂苷类化合物,分别鉴定为薤白皂苷B(1)、薤白皂苷C(2)、薤白皂苷E(3)、(22S)-胆甾-5-烯-1β,3β,16β,22-羟基-1-氧-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖基-16-氧-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖苷(4)、(25R)-26-氧-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-22-羟基-呋甾-5(6)-烯-3β,26-二醇-3-氧-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→2)[β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→3)]-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→4)-β-D-半乳吡喃糖苷(5)、薤白皂苷F(6)、薤白皂苷G(7)、(25R)-26-氧-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基-22-羟基-5β-呋甾-3β,26-二醇-3-氧-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→2)-β-D-半乳吡喃糖苷(8).化合物2、5、8在25μg·mL-1的质量浓度下可以明显地抑制SF-268和NCI-H460肿瘤细胞的生长.结论化合物8为从本属植物中首次分离得到,化合物4、5为首次从中药小根蒜中分离得到,化合物2、5、8有明显的体外抗癌作用.     

得自小根蒜及薤中的几种含氮化合物

从中药薤白的主要基源植物小根蒜（ＡｌｌｉｕｍｍａｃｒｏｓｔｅｍｏｎＢｕｎｇｅ）鳞茎中首次分得５种化合物。它们是腺苷（Ａｄｅｎｏｓｉｎｅ，１）、胸苷（Ｔｈｙｍｉｄｉｎｅ，２）、２，３，４，９－四氢－１－甲基－１Ｈ－吡啶骈［３，４－ｂ］吲哚－３－羧酸（２，３，４，９－ｔｅｔｒａｈｙｄｒｏ－１－ｍｅｔｈｙｌ－１Ｈ－ｐｙｒｉｄｏ［３，４－ｂ］ｉｎｄｏｌｅ－３－ｃａｒｂｏｘｙｌｉｃａｃｉｄ，３）、２，３，４，９－四氢－１Ｈ－吡啶骈［３，４－ｂ］吲哚－３－羧酸（２，３，４，９－ｔｅｔｒａｈｙｄｒｏ－１Ｈ－ｐｙｒｉｄｏ［３，４－ｂ］ｉｎｄｏｌｅ－３－ｃａｒｂｏｘｙｌｉｃａｃｉｄ，４）和丁香甙（Ｓｙｒｉｎｇｉｎ，５）．从另一种基源植物薤（Ａ．ｃｈｉｎｅｎｓｅＧ．Ｄｏｎ）鳞茎中分得腺苷（１）、色氨酸（Ｔｒｙｐｔｏｐｈａｎ，６）和化合物（４）．     

TLC analysis of Allium sativum constituents

A steadily increasing number of garlic (Allium sativum) preparations during the last years resulted in a high interest in practical analytical methods for its active principles. In the present work, TLC separation of alliin from other compounds was improved over previous methods. A modified ninhydrin detection reagent was used to optimize the differentiation between cysteine sulfoxides and other amino acid derivatives. In addition, a sensitive and specific colour reaction was developed for detection of allicin after TLC.     

Uptake and accumulation and oxidative stress in garlic (Allium sativum L.) under lead phytotoxicity

The effects of different concentrations of Pb on growth of Allium sativum L, Pb uptake and accumulation, antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde content were investigated. The results indicated that shoot growth at high concentration of Pb (10⁻³ M) and roots growth at 10⁻³ M and 10⁻⁴ M Pb were significantly inhibited. Lead ions were accumulated mainly in the roots and only small amounts were translocated to bulbs and shoots. SOD activities in shoot and roots exposed to 10⁻³ M Pb were observed to be high. Plants exposed to 10⁻³ M Pb showed a significant increase in POD activity in roots versus the control and other Pb treatments. In roots, CAT activity and MDA concentration at 10⁻³ M Pb is high significantly. The mechanisms of Pb toxicity and tolerance in garlic are briefly discussed.     

Comparative pharmacological investigations of Allium ursinum and Allium sativum.

Extracts of wild garlic (Allium ursinum) and garlic (A. sativum) with defined chemical compositions were investigated for their in vitro inhibitory potential on 5-lipoxygenase (LO), cyclooxygenase (CO), thrombocyte aggregation (TA), and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE). The inhibition rates as IC50 values of both extracts for 5-LO, CO, and TA showed a good correlation with the %-content of the major S-containing compounds (thiosulfinates and ajoenes) of the various extracts. In the 5-LO and CO test the garlic extracts are slightly superior to the wild garlic extracts whereas, in the TA test, no differences could be found. In the ACE test the water extract of the leaves of wild garlic containing glutamyl-peptides showed the highest inhibitory activity followed by that of the garlic leaf and the bulbs of both drugs. The comparative studies underline the usefulness of wild garlic as a substitute of garlic.     

Two new flavonoids from the bark of Allium chrysanthum

The isolation and structure elucidation of two new flavonoids, chrysanthumones A and B from the extracts of Allium chrysanthum were reported. Seven known phenolic constituents were also isolated. Their structures were determined on the basis of NMR and MS techniques.     

Alliin obtained from leaf extract of garlic grown under in situ conditions possess higher therapeutic potency as analyzed in alloxan-induced diabetic rats

Context: Garlic, Allium sativum L. (Liliaceae), possesses high therapeutic and pharmacological properties. Hypoglycemic activity is attributed to alliin (S-allyl cysteine sulfoxide), the main active principle localized in garlic cloves.

Objective: To compare the production and therapeutic efficiency of alliin extracted from garlic leaves of plants grown under ex situ and in situ conditions.

Materials and methods: Alliin content of leaves was quantified and aqueous leaf extracts (from ex situ and in situ grown plants) were given to normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats for five weeks.

Results: Alliin production noted ~50% enhancement in leaves from plants grown under in situ conditions. Serum glucose, triglycerides, total lipids, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-, and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol in diabetic rats treated with alliin produced from in situ grown plants noted significant reduction of ~54%, 15%, 14%, 20%, 24%, and 15%, while 35%, 14%, 10%, 12%, 17% and 11% reduction was noted in diabetic rats treated with alliin produced from ex situ grown plants in comparison with those administered with distilled water. High-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol did not show any significant change. Leaf extract of plants lowered serum enzyme levels (alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase) toward the norm better than glibenclamide. The histopathological alteration in pancreas caused by alloxan was also reduced by leaf extract.

Discussion and conclusion: These findings demonstrate leaf extract obtained from plants grown under in situ condition possess higher therapeutic efficiency in comparison with leaf extract obtained from plants grown under ex situ condition. Studies suggest that environmental factors influence production of alliin and its therapeutic potential.     

Antimycobacterial and Antibacterial Activity of Allium sativum Bulbs

Tuberculosis is one of the major public health problems faced globally. Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to antitubercular agents has called for an urgent need to investigate newer drugs to combat tuberculosis. Garlic (Allium sativum) is an edible plant which has generated a lot of curiosity throughout human history as a medicinal plant. Garlic contains sulfur compounds like allicin, ajoene, allylmethyltrisulfide, diallyltrisulfide, diallyldisulphide and others which exhibit various biological properties like antimicrobial, anticancer, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antiinflammatory, hypoglycemic, and cardiovascular effects. According to various traditional systems of medicine, garlic is one of the established remedies for tuberculosis. The objective of the current study was to investigate in vitro antimycobacterial activity as well as anti-bacterial activity of various extracts rich in specific phytoconstituents from garlic. Preparation of garlic extracts was done based on the chemistry of the constituents and their stability. The estimation of in vitro antimycobacterial activity of different garlic extracts was done using Resazurin microtire plate assay technique whereas activity of garlic oil was evaluated by colony count method. The antibacterial activity of extracts and oil was estimated by zone of inhibition method. Extracts of garlic rich in allicin and ajoene showed appreciable antimycobacterial activity as compared to standard drugs. Garlic oil demonstrated significant antibacterial activity, particularly against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.