以氧化石墨为基质制备石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料及其电化学性能

利用以苯胺与过硫酸铵制备的聚苯胺和改进的Hummers法制备的氧化石墨烯(GO)为原料,将聚苯胺分散于GO浊液中,再对GO进行还原,制备超级电容器电极材料石墨烯(RGO)/聚苯胺(PANI)复合材料(GRP),利用X射线衍射(XRD)对其结构进行了表征,并对复合材料电化学性能进行了测试。结果表明,复合材料展示良好比电容特性,同时又具有稳定电化学性能。GRP在0.1A/g的电流密度下比电容达到510F/g,1.0A/g电流密度下比电容为485F/g,经过2000次的充放电循环后比电容保持率为92%,即复合物比电容远大于石墨烯,在化学稳定性上远好于PANI。放电响应效率高,在电极中电解质离子容易扩散和迁移。     

SnO2/还原氧化石墨烯/聚苯胺三元复合物的合成及电化学性能

采用两步法成功构筑SnO2/还原氧化石墨烯/聚苯胺(SnO2/RGO/PANI)三元复合材料。首先制备出均匀分散的SnO2/还原氧化石墨烯(SnO2/RGO)二元复合物,然后再以二元复合物为载体,通过苯胺(An)单体的化学氧化聚合获得终端产物。利用傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)对复合材料的结构和形貌等物理性质进行表征,利用循环伏安测试、恒电流充放电测试和交流阻抗测试对复合材料的电化学电容性能进行研究,并讨论了PANI的含量对复合材料的结构和性能的影响。结果表明,所合成的三元复合材料的比电容随PANI含量的增加而增大,最大达到424.8F/g,其电容性能的增强源于SnO2、RGO与PANI三者的相互协同作用。     

聚苯胺纳米纤维/石墨烯复合物的制备及其电化学性能

以氧化石墨烯(GO)为基体,采用界面聚合法制备了聚苯胺纳米纤维/氧化石墨烯的复合物(PA-NI/GO),经水合肼还原和APS再氧化得到聚苯胺纳米纤维/石墨烯复合物(PANI/GR)。用FT-IR、UV-Vis、XRD、SEM和TEM对复合物的结构和形貌进行表征,结果表明氧化石墨烯不仅为苯胺提供了聚合的基体,同时对聚苯胺有掺杂作用,聚苯胺纤维夹在片状石墨烯之间呈现"三明治"结构。通过循环伏安和恒流充放电测试发现,PANI/GR复合材料表现出双电层电容和法拉第赝电容双重特点,受协同效应的作用,在电流密度为400mA/g时,比容量高达460F/g,呈现出优异的电化学活性。     

高性能聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的制备及在超级电容器中的应用

采用化学氧化法制得氧化石墨烯(GO),再用NaBH4还原得到石墨烯(GN);以二氧化锰为氧化剂,室温下通过化学氧化聚合法制备了聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料(PANI/GN)。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X-射线衍射(XRD)对其结构和形貌进行了表征。以PANI/GN为活性物质制备电极,1.0mol/L H2SO4水溶液为电解液组装超级电容器,用循环伏安法(CV)和恒电流充放电技术分别测试了PANI/GN电化学性能,在0.1A/g的电流密度下的比容量为468.5F/g,经过1000次连续充放电,电容保持率为84.9%。与PANI、GN单一材料相比,PANI/GN复合物具有较高的比电容和很好的循环稳定性。     

纤维素纳米纤丝-还原氧化石墨烯/聚苯胺气凝胶柔性电极复合材料的制备与性能

利用高长径比的纤维素纳米纤丝（CNF）与片层结构的氧化石墨烯（GO）形成的CNF-GO复合水凝胶经抗坏血酸还原制备出CNF-还原氧化石墨烯（rGO）复合水凝胶材料。通过冷冻干燥法得到CNF-rGO复合气凝胶,并进一步通过苯胺单体在CNF-rGO复合气凝胶的孔道内原位聚合制备出CNF-rGO/聚苯胺（PANI）气凝胶柔性电极复合材料。研究了不同苯胺、CNF和GO的质量比对CNF-rGO/PANI气凝胶柔性电极复合材料的结构形貌和电化学性能的影响。结果表明,苯胺原位聚合后所得CNF-rGO/PANI复合气凝胶仍具有紧密的三维多孔网络结构。与rGO/PANI气凝胶电极复合材料相比,CNF-rGO/PANI气凝胶电极复合材料具有更理想的电容行为。当CNF与GO质量比为60∶40,PANI添加量为0.1 mol时,CNF-rGO/PANI气凝胶电极复合材料比电容可达85.9 Fg-1,且其电化学性能几乎不受弯曲程度的影响,展现出了良好的柔韧性和电化学性能。      

聚苯胺/聚乙烯醇/磺化石墨烯复合材料的制备及性能

通过加入十二烷基苯磺酸钠制备聚苯胺/聚乙烯醇/磺化石墨烯(PANI/PVA/S-GNS)导电复合材料,采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜对其结构和形貌进行表征;通过溶解性能测试,表明十二烷基苯磺酸钠的加入,可有效降低PANI的团聚,提高复合材料的溶解性能;通过循环伏安和交流阻抗对其电化学性能进行测试,结果显示少量S-GNS的加入就能提高复合材料的电性能,在扫描速率为50 mV/s时,PANI/PVA/S-GNS的比电容为661.2 F/g,远大于比电容为354.3 F/g的PANI/PVA。     

三维多孔结构聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的制备及电化学性能

以自制聚苯胺水凝胶和氧化石墨烯为原料采用原位聚合法和溶液灌注法制备三维多孔结构的聚苯胺/氧化石墨烯复合材料,然后在氢碘酸的还原下制备聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料。采用红外光谱法、场发射扫描电子显微镜和热重分析法对制备的复合材料的结构、形貌和组成进行表征,并采用三电极测试方式对其电化学性能进行测试。结果表明,氧化石墨烯的掺入能有效防止聚苯胺和氧化石墨烯的团聚和堆叠问题,获得了具有良好三维多孔结构的聚苯胺/氧化石墨烯复合物;聚苯胺/氧化石墨烯复合材料被氢碘酸还原后,得到的聚苯胺/石墨烯复合材料的热稳定性有所降低,但其比电容和导电性等有了很大的提高,在电流密度为0.5 A/g时,PANI/GO和PANI/r GO的比电容分别为240.38 F/g和321.91F/g。     

聚苯胺/聚乙烯醇/磺化石墨烯复合材料的制备及性能EI北大核心CSCD

通过加入十二烷基苯磺酸钠制备聚苯胺/聚乙烯醇/磺化石墨烯(PANI/PVA/S-GNS)导电复合材料,采用红外光谱、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜对其结构和形貌进行表征;通过溶解性能测试,表明十二烷基苯磺酸钠的加入,可有效降低PANI的团聚,提高复合材料的溶解性能;通过循环伏安和交流阻抗对其电化学性能进行测试,结果显示少量S-GNS的加入就能提高复合材料的电性能,在扫描速率为50 mV/s时,PANI/PVA/S-GNS的比电容为661.2 F/g,远大于比电容为354.3 F/g的PANI/PVA。     

三维聚苯乙烯/聚苯胺/石墨烯复合微粒的制备及电化学性能

为扩展石墨烯的宏观应用,制备性能优异的三维聚苯乙烯/聚苯胺/石墨烯(PS/PANI/graphene)复合微粒具有重要意义.以聚苯乙烯微粒为模板,通过2种浓度苯胺单体的原位生长得到2种聚苯乙烯/聚苯胺复合微粒,再利用氧化石墨烯与苯乙烯/聚苯胺微粒间的静电、共轭相互作用制备三维PS/PANI/graphene复合微粒.利用红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、热重分析(TG)对其微观形貌、结构进行表征,利用电化学测试对三维复合微粒电化学性能进行测试.结果表明,复合材料保持了聚合物微粒的基本形貌,具有三维结构,并有优异的比电容(578 F/g)和循环稳定性(循环900次,容量保持81.5%),其电性能远优于单纯石墨烯和聚苯胺.     

聚苯胺/VS_2纳米复合材料的制备及其在超级电容器上的应用研究

以苯胺为原料采用原位合成法制备了聚苯胺/二硫化钒(PANI/VS_2)纳米复合材料。运用X射线衍射(XRD)分析技术和电子扫描显微镜(SEM)研究PANI/VS_2纳米复合材料的结构特征,采用循环伏安法、恒电流充电/放电和交流阻抗技术手段对其电化学性能进行测试。得到的复合材料最大比电容可达到2077F/g(电流密度为1A/g),远大于PANI和VS_2单组分的比电容,在电流密度为5A/g时循环500次,比电容保持率为96%。     

Effect of Graphene Oxide as a Dopant on the Electrochemical Performance of Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline Composite

A method for preparing a graphene oxide/polyaniline （GO/PANI） composite electrode was developed to investigate the effect of GO doped in PANI. PANI was first prepared by the polymerisation of aniline and then dedoped by NH4OH to form emeraldine base （EB）. The dedoped PANI and as-prepared GO were dissolved in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone （NMP） to generate a homogeneous dispersion. The GO/PANI composites were redoped in HCI before use as electrode materials. These composites were characterised by Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, UV-vis adsorption spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and electrochemical measurements. The GO/PANI composite electrode （containing 2.5% GO） has an initial gravimetric capacitance of 896 F g-1 at a scan rate of 5 mV s-1 and a retention life of 51% after 500 cycles, which is an improvement over that of pure PANI （23%）. The results show that the synergy of GO and PANI attributes to the good electrochemical performance of the GO/PANI composite electrode.     

Hierarchical architecture of ultrashort carbon nanotubes/polyaniline nanocables coated on graphene sheets for advanced supercapacitors

Multilayer super-short carbon nanotubes (SSCNTs) could be prepared by tailoring raw multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with mechanical-stirring and ultrasonic oxidation-cut method. The SSCNTs/polyaniline/reduced graphene oxide (SSCNTs/PANI/RGO) ternary hybrid composite was fabricated by reducing SSCNTs/PANI/GO precursor prepared by self-assembly from the complex dispersion of graphene oxide (GO) and the as-prepared SSCNTs/PANI nanocables, followed by redoping and reoxidation of the reduced PANI to restore the conducting structure of PANI in the ternary composite. The microscope images indicated that SSCNTs/PANI nanocables could uniformly distribute in the conductive network of graphene sheets and prevent the agglomeration of graphene. Such the hierarchical structure perfectly facilitates the contact between PANI for faradaic energy storage and electrolyte ions, and efficiently utilizes the double-layer capacitance of SSCNTs and graphene sheets at the electrode–electrolyte interfaces. The maximum specific capacitance of the SSCNTs/PANI/RGO composite achieved 845 F g^?1, which was much higher than that of pure PANI and SSCNTs/PANI nanocables. Moreover, the ternary composite also showed the good cycling stability, retaining about 96% of its initial capacitance after 1000 cycles because of the synergistic effect and conductive network of SSCNTs/PANI nanocables and graphene sheets. Therefore, the combined effects between SSCNTs/PANI nanocables and graphene sheets taking advantage of both charging and faradaic processes could readily explain the excellent electrochemical performance for supercapacitors.     

纳米纤维素/氧化石墨烯/碳纳米管复合薄膜的制备及表征

以纳米纤维素(CNF)为分散介质,氧化石墨烯(GO)为增强介质,多壁碳纳米管(MWNT)为导电介质,机械搅拌后真空抽滤制备CNF/GO/MWNT复合薄膜,研究GO/MWNT含量对复合薄膜性能的影响,采用红外、Raman光谱、扫描电镜、透射电镜对薄膜的结构和形貌进行表征,采用动态力学分析、热重分析和电导率测试研究薄膜的力学性能、热性能和电性能。结果表明,薄膜的拉伸强度随GO含量的增加先增加后减小,薄膜电导率和耐热性随MWNT用量增加而增加,当CNF/GO/MWNT质量比为20/10/70时,复合薄膜性能最佳,薄膜的电导率达到236.07 S/m,拉伸强度为25.13 MPa,180~300℃区间材料的热失重为9.45%,最大热分解速率对应温度达到322.69℃。扫描电镜、透射电镜结果表明,GO在材料内部呈现规整结构,CNF能有效分散GO/MWNT,形成均匀分散液。     

Free‐Standing,Multilayered Graphene/Polyaniline‐Glue/Graphene Nanostructures for Flexible,Solid‐State Electrochemical Capacitor Application

Graphene/polyaniline multilayered nanostructures (GPMNs) are prepared using a straightforward process through which graphite is physically exfoliated with quaternary polyaniline (PANI)‐glue. This is only accomplished by sonication of the graphite flakes in an organic solvent to form continuous films with PANI. During the sonication, the conductive PANI‐glue is spontaneously intercalated between the graphene sheet layers without deterioration of the sp² hybridized bonding structure. The resultant free‐standing, flexible films are composed of a network of overlapping graphene sheets and are shown to have a long‐range structure. The effects of different PANI content ratios and different interfacial energies (depending on the dispersion solvent) on the morphology and properties of the resulting GPMN are examined. It is found that GPMNs dispersed in water have a maximum specific capacitance of 390 F g⁻¹ in a three‐electrode configuration. Importantly, the unique structural design of GPMNs enables their use as electrode materials for the fabrication of flexible, solid‐state electrochemical capacitors, which show an enhanced performance compared to graphene‐only devices. They exhibit a high specific capacitance of 200 F g⁻¹, a cycling stability with capacitance retention of 82% after 5000 charge/discharge cycles, and, moreover, superior flexibility.     

不同形貌纳米炭/聚苯胺复合材料对超级电容器电化学性能的影响

通过原位化学聚合制备了不同形貌的纳米炭材料(炭黑,碳纳米管及石墨烯纳米片)/聚苯胺复合电极材料.分析表明:石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料相比于炭黑/聚苯胺、碳纳米管/聚苯胺复合物及纯聚苯胺,具有产率和比容量高,内阻低及明显提高的循环稳定性和倍率性能.石墨烯/聚苯胺复合材料更好的电化学性能归因于:(a)二维平面结构石墨烯有利于大量聚苯胺在其表面均匀沉积及更多的活性位使聚苯胺和电解液离子接触,从而有利于聚苯胺得失电子促使氧化还原反应的顺利进行;(b)石墨烯间的面接触有利于构建电子的快速传输网络使电极材料具有更低的电阻;(c)石墨烯及聚苯胺层层堆叠结构具有柔性包覆限制作用,可有效防止聚苯胺在充放电过程中因膨胀和收缩而从石墨烯表面脱离.     

High-performance asymmetric supercapacitors based on reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline composite electrodes with sandwich-like structure

The sandwich-like structure of reduced graphene oxide/polyaniline(RGO/PANI) hybrid electrode was prepared by electrochemical deposition. Both the voltage windows and electrolytes for electrochemical deposition of PANI and RGO were optimized. In the composites, PANI nanofibers were anchored on the surface of the RGO sheets, which avoids the re-stacking of neighboring sheets. The RGO/PANI composite electrode shows a high specific capacitance of 466 F/g at 2 m A/cm~2 than that of previously reported RGO/PANI composites. Asymmetric flexible supercapacitors applying RGO/PANI as positive electrode and carbon fiber cloth as negative electrode can be cycled reversibly in the high-voltage region of 0–1.6 V and displays intriguing performance with a maximum specific capacitance of 35.5 m F cm~(-2). Also, it delivers a high energy density of 45.5 m W h cm~(-2) at power density of 1250 m W cm~(-2). Furthermore, the asymmetric device exhibits an excellent long cycle life with 97.6% initial capacitance retention after 5000 cycles.Such composite electrode has a great potential for applications in flexible electronics, roll-up display,and wearable devices.     

纳米纤维素/碳纤维-聚苯胺/碳纳米管电极的制备

目的以纳米纤维素/碳纤维复合膜为导电基底,制备纳米纤维素/碳纤维-聚苯胺/碳纳米管超级电容器电极。方法利用超声处理和真空抽滤制备纳米纤维素/碳纤维复合膜;利用原位聚合法制备聚苯胺和聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合材料;通过真空抽滤法制备纳米纤维素/碳纤维-聚苯胺电极和纳米纤维素/碳纤维-聚苯胺/碳纳米管电极。结果在纳米纤维素/碳纤维复合膜中,碳纤维形成了互穿导电网络结构,是良好的超级电容器电极导电基体;纳米纤维素/碳纤维-聚苯胺/碳纳米管电极具有良好的电化学性能,在扫描速率为5 mV/s的条件下,质量比电容为380.74 F/g,且在1000次循环测试后,电容保留率为88.05%。结论以纳米纤维素/碳纤维导电复合膜作为基体制备的纳米纤维素/碳纤维-聚苯胺/碳纳米管电极具有良好的电化学性能,可以作为超级电容器电极。