普拉提对慢性非特异性颈痛的疗效研究

目的:探讨普拉提运动对慢性非特异性颈痛患者的影响。方法:42名符合条件的受试者被随机分置于实验组(n=21),给予每周3次,为期6周的普拉提干预,对照组(n=21)不进行任何干预,实验前和实验结束后24h内进行相关指标的测量。结果:疼痛指标两组具有非常显著性差异(P<0.01),实验组疼痛下降明显;功能障碍指数组间具有非常显著性差异(P<0.01);SF-36中对身体疼痛和精力的影响组间具有非常显著性差异(P<0.01),生理机能、生理职能、一般健康状况、社会功能、情感职能、心理健康方面具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:普拉提运动对慢性非特异性颈痛患者的治疗具有积极疗效。     

间歇运动对高血压患者生存质量及血浆CRAMP的影响

目的比较大强度间歇运动和中等强度持续运动对高血压患者生存质量及血浆CRAMP的影响规律。方法26名原发性高血压患者经适应性训练后随机分为两组,分别进行中等强度的持续有氧练习(CE组)和较大强度的间歇有氧练习(IE组)16周,试验开始和结束时分别进行生存质量的评价和外周血CRAMP的测定。结果运动干预后两组患者SF-36量表各维度评分中,躯体疼痛和社会功能与干预前比较无显著性差异(P>0.05);而躯体功能、躯体角色、总体健康状况、活力、情感角色和心理健康6项指标与运动干预前比较都存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。治疗后SF-36量表各维度评分,其4项指标:总体健康状况、活力、情感角色和心理健康,IE组均高于CE组(P<0.05);IE组CRAMP在运动后出现了明显下降(P<0.05),但CE组CRAMP在运动后下降不明显(P>0.05)。结论高强度间歇运动与中等强度持续均能提高高血压患者的生存质量,但间歇运动的效果更好,且可以降低高血压患者外周血衰老信号分子CRAMP水平;间歇运动是高血压患者运动干预的重要方式。     

在读研究生体育生活方式与身心健康相关研究

采用《自测健康评定量表》及《身体锻炼等级量表》对426名在读研究生进行调查,结果显示:在读研究生自测心理健康和社会健康得分明显低于生理健康得分,健康状况存在专业差异;休闲生活方式以静态的、室内的、被动接受型的休闲活动为主;标准体育人口比例较低,多选择技术含量低、活动量小、趣味性强的活动项目;没有兴趣、没有时间、没有组织管理等是影响其参与体育活动的主要原因;体育活动的次数、强度、时间与健康状况呈显著性正相关,标准体育人口的健康状况明显较好。     

高校在读研究生生命质量和体育投入研究

用SF-36量表评价研究生的生命质量，同时对影响高校研究生生命质量的体育投入指标进行相关检验和分析。结果表明，高校在读研究生的生命质量水平一般，其中社会功能最佳，情感职能最差；研究生体育人口的比例较低；体育金钱投入、体育情感投入和体育精力投入水平一般；研究生体育人口的生命质量得分显著高于非体育人口的得分；体育时间投入、体育金钱投入和体育精力投入与生命质量显著相关，体育情感投入与生命质量相关不显著。提示，保证和提高研究生的体育时间投入、体育金钱投入和体育精力投入水平，是提高研究生生命质量的关键。     

对本科生和研究生人格特征与体育活动量情况的研究

通过卡特尔16种人格因素量表和体育活动量评价表,对天津商学院150名研究生和400名本科生进行调查,旨在了解研究生和本科生的人格特征、体育活动量情况、不同体育活动量群体在人格因素上的差异及研究生与本科生在人格和体育活动量上的差异。本研究得出以下结论:(1)研究生男生的主人格特征与本科男生相比,在6个因素上分别存在着显著性差异和非常显著性差异,两项次人格特征上存在非常显著性差异:研究生女生的主人格特征与本科女生相比,在4个主因素存在着显著性差异,两项次因素上存在显著性差异。(2)男女生在体育活动量上存在着非常显著性差异。研究生和本科生间没有显著性差异。(3)体育活动量的不同对男女生的人格特征有很大的影响,男生在3个主人格因素上存在着显著和非常显著性差异。在3项次人格因素上也存在着显著性差异;女生在3项主人格特征和两项次人格特征上存在着显著性差异。     

步行锻炼对更年期焦虑症患者生活质量的影响

为了进一步观察步行锻炼对更年期焦虑症患者焦虑水平的影响和步行锻炼对更年期焦虑症患者生活质量的影响。对41例更年期焦虑症患者每天进行30 min以上的匀速步行锻炼,持续2个月,同时给予药物治疗。40例对照组仅进行药物治疗。于开始步行锻炼和药物治疗前以及治疗结束后1周内,分别采用汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）对两组患者进行焦虑水平评定分析,采用健康调查简易量表（SF-36）评定其生活质量。结果表明：两组HAMA评分均下降,但步行锻炼组下降程度较对照组更显著（P〈0.01）。治疗后两组患者SF-36各维度评分均较治疗前明显提高;治疗后步行锻炼组SF-36大部分项目评分明显高于对照组（P〈0.05）,其中MH的差异具有非常显著性意义（P〈0.01）,但BP的差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论：短期步行锻炼能显著改善更年期焦虑症患者的焦虑水平,提高患者的生活质量。     

中小型企业高管亚健康现状分析与运动干预研究——以温州市为例

企业高层管理者作为企业的核心和灵魂,其健康状况具有超越个人的社会意义。本文主要运用SF-36和症状自评量表SCL-90对企业高管进行身、心两方面的健康调查,从不同纬度挖掘现状,根据企业高管人群的亚健康状态和易患的职业病提出有针对性的运动干预方案,以帮助他们合理寻找事业和健康之间平衡点,达到身心和谐发展。     

大学生体育学习偏好特征——基于学习风格理论的分析

在文献资料和调查访谈基础上,编制《大学生体育学习偏好量表》,该量表包含趋同和趋异、沉思和冲动、动机强弱、归因差异、肢体展现、异化需求、反馈两极性和反馈频率等八个维度,共32个题项,量表信效度指标良好。用该量表对500名大学生进行调查,结果表明：男、女大学生体育学习偏好的整体差异显著;不同专业大学生体育学习偏好无显著性差异;不同年级大学生体育学习偏好之间存在显著性差异。     

男女大学生的体育消费和健康状况比较研究

本文通过对1086名在校大学生的体育消费、锻炼及健康现状的研究,结果表明：男女大学生在体育消费和健康状况方面没有显著性差异,但在锻炼指标、体形胖瘦方面有非常大的显著性差异。     

在校硕士研究生体育行为选择的影响因素分析

利用文献资料、问卷调查、统计分析的方法对浙江省部分高校在校硕士研究生体育行为选择的影响因素进行分析,结果表明:影响体育行为选择的各因素认同程度依次为主观意愿、实现难易度、运动项目特点、客观环境、不同性别、年级、考生所在地、运动次数.在运动项目特点这一因素上存在非常显著性差异;性别在实现难易度这一因素上存在显著性差异.据此,文章提出:研究生体育课程设置要规范化,项目选择要性别化,技术要求要层次化,课余体育行为要多样化.     

12周惯性哑铃练习对轻度认知损害老年人的干预效果

目的观察12周惯性哑铃练习对轻度认知损害(MCI)老年人认知功能、身体活动能力、生活质量和睡眠质量的影响,并探讨认知改善与其他功能改变之间的关系。方法将45名MCI老年人随机分为干预组(n=22)和对照组(n=23)。干预组受试者进行惯性哑铃练习(3次/周,60 min/次,持续12周),对照组不进行运动干预。结果 12周后,干预组受试者阿尔茨海默病评定量表-认知部分(ADAS-Cog)总分/指令得分、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评分、起立行走计时(TUG)和SF-36健康调查问卷(SF-36)心理总得分均显著改善(均P<0.05)。与对照组相比,干预组受试者ADAS-Cog总分/单词回忆得分/注意力得分、简明精神量表(MMSE)评分、TUG和匹兹堡睡眠指数(PSQI)的改善程度均具有显著差异(P<0.05或P=0.05)。偏相关分析结果显示,SF-36心理总得分改变(r=-0.712)、PSQI改变(r=-0.380)与认知改善程度均呈显著负相关。结论 12周惯性哑铃练习可显著提高MCI老年人的认知功能,并对其移动能力、生活质量和睡眠质量具有积极影响,且心理和睡眠改变程度可能影响认知功能的改善效果。     

SF-36量表在老年人运动健身效果评价中的应用

SF-36量表是评价生存质量的一种有效工具，为了促进其在运动健身效果评价中的应用，以北京市普通老年人（男61～65岁；女56～60岁，各300人）为研究时象，从可行性、信度和效度3个方面对SF-36量表在运动健身效果评价中的适用性问题进行了探讨。研究发现：SF-36量表具有令人满意的可行性、信度和效度，但是社会功能维度的信度和效度存在一定的不足。提示：SF-36量表可以用于老年人运动健身过程中时生存质量的评价，但是，建议根据我国的文化背景，结合老年人的心理特征和思维方式对社会功能维度进行适当的修改。SF-36量表作为一个简便高效的生存质量测量工具在体育科研领域中将具有广泛的应用前景。     

Aerobic training alone or combined with strength training affects fitness in elderly: Randomized trial

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate if combined strength and aerobic training can enhance aerobic capacity in the elderly to a similar extent as aerobic training alone when training duration is matched. Methods: Elderly men and women (age 63.2?±?4.7) were randomized into two intervention groups: an aerobic group (AG, n?=?17) and a combined group (CG, n?=?16). Subjects trained 40?minutes three times a week for 12 weeks. Both groups trained 20 minutes at 65% of heart rate reserve on ergometer cycles followed by another 20 minutes on the ergometer cycles for AG and 20-minute strength training for the lower body for CG. The primary outcome was VO₂max. Secondary outcomes were maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) in isometric knee extension, 1 repetition maximum in three leg exercises, body fat, waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure and score on the Health Survey Short Form 36 (SF-36). Results: Both groups improved VO₂max (p?<?.01) and MVC (p?<?.001). VO₂max increased 17% confidence interval (CI) [7.4–26] in CG and 26% CI [14.1–38.2] in AG, with no significant difference between groups. MVC increased 22% CI [16.3–27.7] in CG and 9% CI [4.6–13.5] in AG with CG improving MVC more than AG (p?<?.01). CG's score on the general health dimension on the SF-36 health survey improved more than AG's score. Conclusion: Elderly can substitute a part of their aerobic training with strength training and still improve VO₂max to a clinically significant degree when strength training is performed with large muscle groups subsequently to the aerobic training. Combined training additionally improves strength and self-assessed general health more than aerobic training alone.     

Comparison of the validity of four fall-related psychological measures in a community-based falls risk screening

We examined the measurement properties offall-related psychological instruments with a sample of 133 older adults (M age = 74.4 years, SD = 9.4). Measures included the Comprehensive Falls Risk Screening Instrument, Falls-efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC), modified Survey ofActivities and Fear ofFalling in the Elderly (mSAFFE), Consequences of Falling (CoF), Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), and 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). The FES-I, ABC, mSAFFE, and CoF were significantly correlated with each othe, with SF-36, and with mobility. The ABC and mSAFFE were significantly correlated with PASE. The ABC differentiated between fallers and nonfallers and predicted total falls risk. Findings can assist with the selection of psychological instruments in a falls risk screening context.     

Comparison of the Validity of Four Fall-Related Psychological Measures in a Community-Based Falls Risk Screening

Abstract

We examined the measurement properties of fall-related psychological instruments with a sample of 133 older adults (M age = 74.4 years, SD = 9.4). Measures included the Comprehensive Falls Risk Screening Instrument, Falls-efficacy Scale-International (FES-I), Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC), modified Survey of Activities and Fear of Falling in the Elderly (mSAFFE), Consequences of Falling (CoF), Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE), and 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). The FES-I, ABC, mSAFFE, and CoF were significantly correlated with each other, with SF-36, and with mobility. The ABC and mSAFFE were significantly correlated with PASE. The ABC differentiated between fallers and nonfallers and predicted total falls risk. Findings can assist with the selection of psychological instruments in a falls risk screening context.     

Leisure time physical activity in Australian women: relationship with well being and symptoms

This paper explores the association between moderate levels of physical activity (PA) and health benefits in well being and symptoms such as tiredness, back pain, and constipation. Participants in the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, 14,502 young women (ages 18-23 years), 13,609 middle-age women (45-50 years), and 11,421 older women (ages 70-75 years), answered questions about vigorous and less vigorous exercise (used to determine a physical activity score), well being (SF-36), symptoms, and medical conditions. There were significant associations between the PA score and SF-36 in each cohort. Odds ratios (OR) for a range of symptoms and conditions were lower for women who reported low to moderate activity than for sedentary women, for example, for young women or for constipation = 0.76 (CI, 0.65-0.89), for middle-age women or for tiredness = 0.70 (0.63-0.78). There was no threshold of PA at which health benefits increased significantly. Although cross-sectional, the findings suggest that low-to-moderate levels of exercise are associated with a range of health benefits for women of all ages. These preliminary findings will be followed up during the longitudinal study.     

Quality of Life Assessment for Physical Activity and Health Promotion: Further Psychometrics and Comparison of Measures

Despite the clear relationship between physical activity and quality of life, few sound, relevant quality of life measures exist. Gill and colleagues developed a 32-item quality of life survey, and provided initial psychometric evidence. This study further examined that quality of life survey in comparison with the widely used short form (SF-36) health survey. Participants (n = 446) completed the quality of life survey, short form (36) health survey, World Health Organization quality of life measure, satisfaction with life scale, and the Godin physical activity measure. All quality of life survey scales (emotional, social, spiritual, physical, activities of daily living, cognitive, integrated) were internally consistent (alpha .79–.95) and test–retest correlations ranged from .68 to .82. The SF-36 had similar internal consistency, slightly lower test–retest correlations, and weaker relationships with satisfaction with life scale. Quality of life survey scales correlated with matching SF-36 and World Health Organization quality of life measure subscales supporting convergent validity. The quality of life survey reflects positive health models better than the SF-36, and is more appropriate for research and programs that focus on physical activity and health promotion.     

高校在读硕士研究生身心健康评价监测系统的研制

为反映高校在读硕士研究生的身心健康状况,对全国40所高校的在读硕士研究生进行了心理、体质两方面的测试。在此基础上,汇制成高校在读硕士研究生身心健康评价标准并研制成研究生身心健康评价监测系统,为有关部门对研究生身心健康进行评价与监测提供参考标准和工具,以期为高校在读硕士研究生进行健身、健心锻炼提供科学的依据。     

不同体育锻炼类型与大学生生命质量相关性分析

目的：探讨不同体育锻炼类型对大学生生命质量的影响,为推动高校体育教学改革,提高大学生生命质量提供参考。方法：随机抽取定西师范高等专科学校男女生各90名进行中等强度的力量和有氧耐力练习实验,采用SF-36量表进行调查分析。结果：被试18周后,大学生生命质量因子均不同程度的提高;不同性别,相同体育锻炼类型力量练习除生理功能和活力因子发生显著性变化外（P〈0．05）,其它因子变化均不明显;有氧耐力练习除生理功能、躯体疼痛、精神健康因子发生显著性变化外（P〈0．05）,其它因子变化均不明;相同性别,不同体育锻炼类型男生在社会功能、活力、精神健康因子有方差显著性差异（P〈0．05）;女子在生理功能、社会功能因子有方差显著性差异（P〈0．05）,在活力、精神健康因子有方差极显著性差异（P〈0．01）。结论：有氧耐力练习比力量练习更能提高大学生的生命质量。     

城市老年人生命质量影响因素的研究——以规律健身为视角

目的：探究城市老年人生命质量影响因素，积极应对人口老龄化的严峻挑战。方法：采用自编问卷，借鉴“SF-36生命质量调查问卷（中文第二版）”，对城市老年人进行调查和访谈。结果：影响城市老年人生命质量因素主要有社会人口学、经济收入、患慢性病、社会参与、健身状况等。其中老年人“婚姻及居住方式”“养老保险”“就医决策”“规律健身状况”和“医疗费用月支出”的回归效应非常显著（P＜0.01），而“工作与否”和“每次医疗费用支出”的回归效应显著（P＜0.05）。结论：对老年人健康促进和生命质量干预主要目的是对影响因素进行调节，降低影响生命质量风险因子的负作用，老年人是否患慢性病及参与规律健身行为的阶段等是影响老年人生命质量提升的重要因子，超过12个月以上规律健身行为对城市老年人身心健康和生命质量提升的积极作用最为显著。