硅氧烷改性丙烯酸树脂的制备

以乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷（VTES）、甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）和丙烯酸丁酯（BA）为软单体,过氧化二苯甲酰（BPO）为引发剂,利用溶液聚合法合成硅氧烷改性丙烯酸树脂P（MMA-BA-VTES）（PMBV）。借助于傅里叶红外（FTIR）、氢核磁共振（1H NMR）、示差扫描量热法（DSC）和碳核磁共振（13C NMR）分析了树脂的结构和性能。     

欧盟拟修订涕灭威等13种农药的最大残留限量

欧盟委员会2010年4月15日发布G／SPS／N／EEC／374号通报：委员会法规草案附件一修订欧盟议会和委员会法规No396／2005附件Ⅱ和Ⅲ中关于涕灭威（Aldicarb）、溴螨酯（Bromopropylate）、毒虫畏（Chlorfenvinphos）、硫丹（Endosulfan）、菌达灭（EPTC）、乙硫磷（Ethion）、倍硫磷（Fenthion）、氟磺胺草醚（Fomesafen）、甲基苯噻隆（Methabenzthiazuron）、杀扑磷（Methidathion）、西玛津（Simazine）、三氯杀螨砜（Tetradifon）和嗪氨灵（Triforine）等13种农药的最大残留限量（MRLs）。     

我国合成橡胶工业现状及发展建议

经过近50年的发展,我国合成橡胶产业已经发展成为产品体系较完整、年产量超过百万吨以上的重要产业。目前已经建成丁苯橡胶（SBR）（包括乳聚丁苯橡胶（ESBR）和溶聚丁苯橡胶（SSBR）、聚丁二烯橡胶（BR）、丁基橡胶（IIR）、氯丁橡胶（CR）、丁腈橡胶（NBR）和乙丙橡胶（EPR）等基本胶种的产品生产体系。此外,我国也大量生产丁苯热塑性弹性体（SBS）和丁苯胶乳,生产丙烯酸酯橡胶、硅橡胶、     

塑料黏结炸药JH-94和JO-96的热安全性

借助不同升温速率（β）下,PBX-JH-94和PBX-JO-96的非等温DSC曲线的onset温度（Te）和峰温（Tp）,Kissinger法和Ozawa法求得的热分解反应的表观活化能（EK和EO）和指前因子（AK）,标准方法GJB 772A-97-406．1,401．2和409．1确定的比热容（Cp）、密度（ρ）和热导率（λ）以及分解热（Qd,取爆热之半）数据,用Zhang-Hu-Xie-Li公式、Smith方程和Wang-Du公式求得了PBX-JH-94和PBX-JO-96在β→0时的Te和Tp值（Te0和Tp0）、热爆炸临界温度（Tb）、绝热至爆时间（tTIad）、厚度之半和半径为0．05m的无限长平板和无限长圆柱及球状PBX-JH-94和PBX-JO-96被373K环境包围的热感度概率密度函数S（T）与温度（T）的关系曲线、S（T）-（T）曲线峰值温度（Ts（T）max）及热安全度（SD）和热爆炸临界环境温度（Tacr）。结果表明,无限长平板和无限长圆柱PBX-JO-96的热安全性优于PBX-JH-94,绝热分解至爆炸的加速趋势为后者小于前者。     

ICP-OES法同时测定普钙、重钙和水溶肥料中11种元素

普钙、重钙和水溶肥料微波消解后,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱（ICP-OES）法同时测定普钙、重钙和水溶肥料中铅（Pb）、砷（As）、汞（Hg）、铬（Cr）、镉（Cd）、铜（Cu）、锰（Mn）、钴（Co）、锌（Zn）、镍（Ni）和锑（Sb）11种元素。对样品基体干扰、仪器条件进行研究,选择最佳的称样质量和定容体积,进行了方法的检出限、精密度、准确性试验。称样量与定容体积比＜2%（g/mL）,检出限为0.003 ~0.015 mg/L,相对标准偏差均＜13.3%,回收率为78.0～114%。该方法具有简便、快速、准确、灵敏度高等特点,能满足普钙、重钙和水溶肥料中11种元素的分析要求。     

话题三：国内外合成橡胶市场情况（一）——中国合成橡胶产业现状及发展

世界合成橡胶（SR）工业开始于20世纪30年代，到60年代形成了丁苯橡胶（SBR，包括ESBR和SSBR）、聚丁二烯橡胶（BR）、聚异戊二烯橡胶（IR）、乙丙橡胶（EPR）、氯丁橡胶（CR）、丁基橡胶（IIR）和丁腈橡胶（NBR）等七大基本胶种的产品体系，也大量生产丁苯胶乳和丁苯热塑性橡胶（SBS），还生产量少但价值极高的如氟橡胶、硅橡胶、聚氨酯橡胶、氯磺化聚乙烯橡胶及丙烯酸橡胶等特种橡胶。     

生产合成纤维需要的自然资源

19世纪以来，化学纤维（包括粘胶纤维和合成纤维）各品种相继问世：1884年粘胶纤维（时称人造丝）实现了工业化生产，接着各种合成纤维研制成功，先后投放市场，其品种和工业化生产的年份分别为：锦纶66（1935年）、锦纶6（1938年）、涤纶（1941年）、腈纶（1942年）、氨纶（1958年）。     

18个原药获欧盟再登记资格

经申请人补充额外资料之后，下列18个原药获得了欧盟的再次登记资格：植物杀虫剂印楝素（由GAB代表Trifolio—M、Sipcam和Mitsui AgriScience International三家公司提交），杀螨剂喹漫醚Gowan公司）和噻螨酮（Nisso Chemical Europe），除草剂卡草胺（Feinchemie Schwebda公司）、diclofop（拜尔作物科学）、氟草隆（马克西姆阿甘和Nufarm公司），植物生长调节剂多效唑（先正达）和杀雄啉（JSCInternational），杀菌剂萎锈灵（Chemtura公司）、环丙唑醇（先正达）、二嗪农（巴斯夫公司）、     

高性能塑料薄膜制备方法及改性研究进展

概述了6种高性能树脂——聚醚醚酮（PEEK）、聚苯硫醚（PPS）、液晶聚合物（LCP）、聚醚酰亚胺（PEI）、聚砜（PSF）和聚酰亚胺（PI）等的性能及应用,详细介绍了以这6种高性能树脂分别为原料制备高性能薄膜的方法（挤出吹塑法、挤出流延法、溶液流延法等）和改性方法,最后对不同高性能薄膜的应用进行了讨论和展望。     

搅拌棒吸附萃取-热脱附/气相色谱-质谱法分析可可提取物的挥发性成分

建立了搅拌棒吸附萃取-热脱附/气相色谱-质谱法分析可可提取物挥发性成分的方法,其中,PDMS型搅拌磁子检出72个化合物,峰面积相对百分比大于1%的化合物有：异戊酸（25.28%）、异戊醛丙二醇缩醛（14.57%）、乙酸苄酯（10.60%）、1,2-丙二醇（9.17%）、苯乙醇（9.00%）、二苯丙酮（5.00%）、苯乙酸苯乙酯（4.50%）、异戊酸异戊酯（3.63%）、2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪（2.34%）、2-甲氧基-3-甲基吡嗪（2.29%）、可可醛（1.53%）、亚油酸乙酯（1.25%）和乙酸（1.10%）,EG-Silicone型磁子检出57个化合物,峰面积相对百分比大于1%的化合物有：2,3,5-三甲基吡嗪（63.59%）、乙酸（12.06%）、异戊醛丙二醇缩醛（4.96%）、乙酸苄酯（3.92%）、棕榈酸（1.89%）、愈创木酚（1.41%）、异戊酸（1.08%）、二苯丙酮（1.08%）和甘油（1.01%）,并对致香机理进行了探讨。研究结果为可可提取物的开发、调香应用和质量监控提供了依据。     

Chiral platinum(II) metallointercalators with potent in vitro cytotoxic activity

Four platinum(II) metallointercalating complexes of 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) with the chiral ancillary ligands trans-R,R- and trans-S,S-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (R,R- and S,S-dach, respectively), and N,N'-dimethyl-R,R- and N,N'-dimethyl-S,S-1,2-diaminocyclohexane (Me(2)-R,R-dach and Me(2)-S,S-dach, respectively) have been synthesised and characterised. The crystal structure of [Pt(Me(2)-S,S-dach)(phen)](ClO(4))(2)1.5 H(2)O (C(20)H(26)Cl(2)N(4)O(9.5)Pt) has been determined; orthorhombic, space group P2(1)2(1)2(1)(No. 19), a=23.194(8), b=25.131(9), c=8.522(3) A. In vitro cytotoxic assays (IC(50)) in the human bladder cancer cell line 5637 and in the murine leukemia L1210 cell line revealed that [Pt(S,S-dach)(phen)](ClO(4))(2) (0.091 and 0.13 microM, respectively) and [Pt(R,R-dach)(phen)](ClO(4))(2) (0.54 and 1.50 microM, respectively) were more cytotoxic than cisplatin (0.31 and 0.50 microM, respectively) and considerably more cytotoxic than their methylated counterparts, [Pt(Me(2)-R,R-dach)(phen)](ClO(4))(2) and [Pt(Me(2)-S,S-dach)(phen)](ClO(4))(2) (both>23 microM). Chiral discrimination for [Pt(S,S-dach)(phen)](ClO(4))(2) over its R,R-enantiomer was observed in all 13 cancer cell lines investigated. Moreover, [Pt(S,S-dach)(phen)](ClO(4))(2) was more active than cisplatin in all cell lines tested and shows only partial cross-resistance to cisplatin in two cisplatin resistant cell lines.     

Structural Diversity and Defensive Properties of Norditerpenoid Alkaloids

We have tested the insect antifeedant and toxic activity of 43 norditerpenoid alkaloids on Spodoptera littoralis and Leptinotarsa decemlineata including eserine (physostigmine), anabasine, and atropine. Antifeedant effects of the test compounds were structure- and species-dependent. The most active antifeedants to L. decemlineata were 1,14-diacetylcardiopetaline (9) and 18-hydroxy- 14-O-methylgadesine (33), followed by 8-O-methylconsolarine (12), 14-O-acetyldelectinine (27), karakoline (7), cardiopetaline (8), 18-O-demethylpubescenine (13), 14-O-acetyldeltatsine (18), takaosamine (21), ajadine (24), and 8-O-methylcolumbianine (6) (EC50 < 1 microg/cm2). This insect showed a moderate response to atropine. S. littoralis had the strongest antifeedant response to 24, 18, 14-O-acetyldelcosine (19), and delphatine (29) (EC50 < 3 microg/cm2). None of the model substances affected the feeding behavior of this insect. The most toxic compound to L. decemlineata was aconitine (1), followed by cardiopetalidine (10) (% mortality > 60), 14-deacetylpubescenine (14), 18-O-benzoyl-18-O-demethyl-14-O-deacetylpubescenine (17), 14-O-acetyldelcosine (19), 14-deacetylajadine (25) and methyllycaconitine (30) (% mortality > 45). Orally injected S. littoralis larvae were negatively affected by 1, cardiopetaline (8), 10, 1,14-O-acetylcardiopetalidina (11), 12, 14, 1,18-O-diacetyl-19-oxo-gigactonine (41), olivimine (43), and eserine in varying degrees. Their antifeedant or insecticidal potencies did not parallel their reported nAChR binding activity, but did correlate with the agonist/antagonist insecticidal/antifeedant model proposed for nicotininc insecticides. A few compounds [14, tuguaconitine (38), 14-demethyldelboxine (40), 19, dehydrodelsoline (36), 18-O-demethylpubescenine (13), 41, 9, and delcosine (23)] had selective cytotoxic effects to ward insect-derived Sf9 cells. None were cytotoxic to mammalian CHO cells and none increased Trypanosoma cruzi mortality. The selective cytotoxic effects of some structures indicate that they can act on biological targets other than neuroreceptors.     

滇韭挥发性成分分析

用同时蒸馏萃取装置提取挥发油并用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对滇韭挥发性成分进行了分离和鉴定,分离并鉴定出95个组分,占峰面积的71 50%,用面积归一化法测定了各种成分的质量分数,其主要挥发性成分为:w(三甲基磷化硫醚) =0 15%,w(丁基丙烯基硫醚) =0 03%,w(1, 2 二乙硫基乙烯) =0 38%,w(烯丙基甲基硫醚) =0 79%,w(二烯丙基硫醚) =0 11%,w(2 甲氧基茴香硫醚) =0 15%,w(甲基乙基二硫醚) =0 02%,w(二甲基二硫醚) =0 08%,w(二烯丙基二硫醚) =0 10%,w(二丙基二硫醚) =1 03%,w〔(甲硫基)二甲基二硫醚〕=0 17%,w(甲基1 丙烯基二硫醚) =0 32%,w(二2 羟基乙基二硫醚) =0 11%,w(二甲基三硫醚) =0 02%,w(甲基2 丙烯基三硫醚) =0 06%,w(二2 丙烯基三硫醚) =0 45%,w(二丙基三硫醚) =1 54%,w(二甲基四硫醚) =0 39%,w(4H 噻唑) =0 02%,w(4, 5 二甲基噻唑) =0 50%,w(4, 5 二甲基异噻唑) =0 06%,w(5 甲氧基噻唑) =0 24%,w(3, 4 二甲基异噻唑) =0 22%,w(3, 4 二甲基噻吩) =0 27%,w(4H 2 乙基噻吩) =0 02%,w(1, 3 二噻烷) =0 03%,w(1, 3, 5 三噻烷) =0 03%,w(1, 2 二硫戊环) =0 09%,w〔2, 4 二硫杂戊烷〕=0 98%,w(3, 5 二乙基1, 2, 4 三硫戊环) =0 55%,w(二甲基亚砜) =0 05%,w(3 甲硫基丁醛) =0 02%,w(2 甲基硫代乙酸) =0 37%,w     

Hydrogen-bond detection, configuration assignment and rotamer correction of side-chain amides in large proteins by NMR spectroscopy through protium/deuterium isotope effects

The configuration and hydrogen-bonding network of side-chain amides in a 35 kDa protein were determined by measuring differential and trans-hydrogen-bond H/D isotope effects by using the isotopomer-selective (IS)-TROSY technique, which leads to a reliable recognition and correction of erroneous rotamers that are frequently found in protein structures. First, the differential two-bond isotope effects on carbonyl (13)C' shifts, which are defined as Delta(2)Delta(13)C'(ND) = (2)Delta(13)C'(ND(E))-(2)Delta(13)C'(ND(Z)), provide a reliable means for the configuration assignment for side-chain amides, because environmental effects (hydrogen bonds and charges, etc.) are greatly attenuated over the two bonds that separate the carbon and hydrogen atoms, and the isotope effects fall into a narrow range of positive values. Second and more importantly, the significant variations in the differential one-bond isotope effects on (15)N chemical shifts, which are defined as Delta(1)Delta(15)N(D) = (1)Delta(15)N(D(E))-(1)Delta(15)N(D(Z)) can be correlated with hydrogen-bonding interactions, particularly those involving charged acceptors. The differential one-bond isotope effects are additive, with major contributions from intrinsic differential conjugative interactions between the E and Z configurations, H-bonding interactions, and charge effects. Furthermore, the pattern of trans-H-bond H/D isotope effects can be mapped onto more complicated hydrogen-bonding networks that involve bifurcated hydrogen-bonds. Third, the correlations between Delta(1)Delta(15)N(D) and hydrogen-bonding interactions afford an effective means for the correction of erroneous rotamer assignments of side-chain amides. Rotamer correction by differential isotope effects is not only robust, but also simple and can be applied to large proteins.     

Synthetic potential of molluscan sulfatases for the library synthesis of regioselectively O-sulfonated D-galacto-sugars

The substrate specificities of three molluscan sulfatases (E.C. 3.1.6.1; snail, abalone, and limpet origins) were investigated with assorted p-nitrophenyl (pNP) di-O-sulfonated beta-D-galactopyranosides and beta-lactosides [3,6-SO(3) Gal (1), 3',6'-SO(3) Lac (2), 4, 6SO(3) Gal (3), 2,6-SO(3) Gal (4), 3,4-SO(3) Gal (5), and 3,6-SO(3) GalNAc (6); Ac, acetyl; Gal, galactose; Lac, lactose] together with mono-O-sulfonated beta-D-galactopyranoside [pNP 3SO(3)-Gal (7)] and tri-O-sulfonated alpha-D-galactopyranoside [2,3,6-SO(3)-alpha-Gal (11)]. Some notable differences between the substrate specificity of the three sulfatases were disclosed; snail sulfatase hydrolyzed the 3O- and 2O-sulfo groups of 1 and 4, respectively, to afford 6SO(3) Gal (9) in high yields, while the abalone enzyme did not act on 4. Only the limpet enzyme could cleave the 3O-sulfo groups of 7 to give pNP beta-galactoside. In contrast, every enzyme could utilize 11 as a good substrate to afford a mixture of 6SO(3)-alpha-Gal (13) and 2,6-SO(3) alpha-Gal (12). None of the enzymes could cleave the O-sulfo groups of 5 and 6, which indicates that a primary 6O-sulfo group tends to promote the enzymatic hydrolysis of O-sulfo groups at the secondary positions.     

Cofactor-apoprotein hydrogen bonding in oxidized and fully reduced flavodoxin monitored by trans-hydrogen-bond scalar couplings

Hydrogen bonding plays a key role in the tight binding of the FMN cofactor and the regulation of its redox properties in flavodoxins. Hydrogen bonding interactions can be directly observed in solution by multidimensional heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy through the scalar couplings between donor and acceptor nuclei. Here we report on the detection of intermolecular trans-hydrogen-bond couplings ((h)J) between the flavin ring system and the backbone of Desulfovibrio vulgaris flavodoxin in the oxidized and the two-electron reduced states. For this purpose, experiments are adapted from pulse sequences previously applied to determining (h)J coupling constants in nucleic acid-base pairs and proteins. The resulting (h2)J(N,N), (h4)J(N,N), (h3)J(C,N), and (h1)J(H,N) couplings involve the (15)N(1), (13)C(2), and (15)N(3) nuclei of the pyrimidine moiety of FMN, whereas no such interactions are detectable for (13)C(4) and (15)N(5). Several long-range (15)N-(15)N, (13)C-(15)N, and (1)H-(15)N J-coupling constants within the flavin are obtained as "by-products". The magnitudes of both (h)J and regular J couplings are found to be dependent on the redox state. In general, good correlations between (h)J coupling constants and donor-group (1)H chemical shifts and also crystallographic donor-acceptor distances are observed.     

Composition and Antifungal Activity of the Essential Oil of the Brazilian Chenopodium ambrosioides L.

The antifungal activity of essential oil (EO) from the Brazilian epazote (Chenopodium ambrosioides L.) was evaluated by the poison food assay at concentrations of 0.3%, 0.1%, and 0.05% with eight postharvest deteriorating fungi (Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus glaucus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus ochraceous, Colletotrichum gloesporioides, Colletotrichum musae, Fusarium oxysporum, and Fusarium semitectum). EO components were tentatively identified by Kováts retention indices (RIs) using gas chromatography and gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Growth of all fungi was completely inhibited at 0.3% concentration, and by 90% to 100% at 0.1% concentration. The following 13 tentatively identified compounds (relative percent) accounted for 90.4% of the total volatile oil: alpha-terpinene (0.9), p-cymene (2.0), benzyl alcohol (0.3), p-cresol (0.3), p-mentha-1,3,8-triene (0.2), p-cimen-8-ol (0.6), alpha-terpineol (0.5), (Z)-ascaridole (61.4), piperitone (0.9), carvacrol (3.9), (E)-ascaridole (18.6), (E)-piperitol acetate (0.5), and (Z)-carvyl acetate (0.3). Autobiographic thin layer chromatography of the EO to separate the principal fungitoxic fraction yielded only one fraction that completely inhibited the growth of all test fungi at a concentration of 0.1%. This fraction was characterized by RIs and GC-MS presenting a composition (%) of p-cymene (25.4), (Z)-ascaridole (44.4), and (E)-ascaridole (30.2). The results suggest ascaridoles were the principal fungitoxic components of the EO.     

Novel water-soluble polymer coatings control NPK release rate,improve soil quality and maize productivity

We investigated different combinations of polymers (5% each) (i) starch, gelatin (polymer coating; PC-1), (ii) polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), gum Arabica (PC-2), (iii) PVA, gelatin (PC-3), (iv) starch, gum Arabica (PC-4), (v) gelatin, gum Arabica (PC-5), (vi) starch, PVA (PC-6), for coating NPK (17, 17:17) in a fluidized bed granulator. Morphological characterization indicated a uniform coating of all formulations on NPK granules. A slow release of N (PC-3), P (PC-6), and K (PC-3) was observed in water. In soil, high mineral N (63%), plant-available P (72%), and K (24%) were observed in PC-3, PC-5, and PC-6, respectively than uncoated fertilizer. Microbial biomass NPK was also higher in these treatment. This resulted in higher maize yield (66%), N (114%), P (164%), and K (137%) uptakes and apparent N (267%), P (196%), and K (358%) recoveries from applied fertilizer in these treatments. Among these, PC-3 resulted in an increase of 115% shoot N, 169% P and 138% K uptakes and 268% apparent N, 206% P and 361% K recoveries than uncoated fertilizer. Hence, coating of NPK with this biodegradable polymer combination controlled N, P, and K release and synchronized these nutrients availabilities with maize nutrients demand therefore resulted in higher maize crop yield and nutrient utilization efficiencies.     

Effect of Calcium and Potassium on Antioxidant System of Vicia faba L. Under Cadmium Stress

Cadmium (Cd) in soil poses a major threat to plant growth and productivity. In the present experiment, we studied the effect of calcium (Ca(2+)) and/or potassium (K(+)) on the antioxidant system, accumulation of proline (Pro), malondialdehyde (MDA), and content of photosynthetic pigments, cadmium (Cd) and nutrients, i.e., Ca(2+) and K(+) in leaf of Vicia faba L. (cv. TARA) under Cd stress. Plants grown in the presence of Cd exhibited reduced growth traits [root length (RL) plant(-1), shoot length (SL) plant(-1), root fresh weight (RFW) plant(-1), shoot fresh weight (SFW) plant(-1), root dry weight (RDW) plant(-1) and shoot dry weight (SDW) plant(-1)] and concentration of Ca(2+), K(+), Chlorophyll (Chl) a and Chl b content, except content of MDA, Cd and (Pro). The antioxidant enzymes [peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] slightly increased as compared to control under Cd stress. However, a significant improvement was observed in all growth traits and content of Ca(2+), K(+), Chl a, Chl b, Pro and activity of antioxidant enzymes catalase (CAT), POD and SOD in plants subjected to Ca(2+) and/or K(+). The maximum alleviating effect was recorded in the plants grown in medium containing Ca(2+) and K(+) together. This study indicates that the application of Ca(2+) and/or K(+) had a significant and synergistic effect on plant growth. Also, application of Ca(2+) and/or K(+) was highly effective against the toxicity of Cd by improving activity of antioxidant enzymes and solute that led to the enhanced plant growth of faba bean plants.     

Antiplatelet Effect and Selective Binding to Cyclooxygenase (COX) by Molecular Docking Analysis of Flavonoids and Lignans

The known flavonoids ginkgetin (1), taiwanhomoflavone A (2), taiwanhomoflavone B (3), and taiwanhomoflavone C (4) and eight known lignans: justicidin B (9), justicidin C (10), justicidin D (11), chinensinaphthol methyl ether (12), procumphthalide A (13), procumbenoside A (15), and ciliatosides A (16) and B (17) were isolated from Cephalotaxus wilsoniana and Justicia species, respectively. The antiplatelet effects of the above constituents on human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) were evaluated. Of the compounds tested on human PRP, compounds 1, 4, 9, and 11 showed inhibition of secondary aggregation induced by adrenaline. Compound 1 had an inhibitory effect on cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1). Molecular docking studies revealed that 1 and the related compounds apigenin (5), cycloheterophyllin (6), broussoflavone F (7), and quercetin (8) were docked near the gate of active site of COX-1. It indicated that the antiplatelet effect of 1, 4, 9, and 11 is partially owed to suppression of COX-1 activity and reduced thromboxane formation. Flavonoids, 1, 5, 6, 7, and 8 may block the gate of the active site of COX-1 and interfere the conversion of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin (PG) H₂ in the COX-1 active site.