基于改进灰狼算法和多核极限学习机的铁水硅含量预测建模

针对高炉铁水硅含量难以在线检测的问题, 本文提出一种基于改进灰狼算法(IGWO)优化的多核极限学习 机(MKELM)高炉铁水硅含量预测建模方法. 首先, 针对灰狼算法(GWO)寻优能力的不足, 将最优–最差正交反向学 习(OWOOBL)策略应用于灰狼算法的位置更新, 得到一种改进灰狼优化算法. 通过10种标准函数对所提算法进行 仿真测试, 结果表明此算法具有更好的寻优能力. 其次, 针对单核极限学习机(KELM)回归能力不足, 将不同种类的 核函数加权组合, 并采用改进灰狼算法对多核极限学习机中的加权系数等参数进行优化. 最后, 基于某钢厂的实测 数据对高炉铁水硅含量进行预测建模, 仿真结果表明, 本文所提方法的预测效果优于反向传播神经网络(BP–NN)、 极限学习机(ELM)、KELM和GWO–MKELM, 对高炉炼铁具有较好的指导意义.     

PCA和PSO-ELM在高炉铁水硅含量中的预测仿真

炉温的实时预测技术对高炉运转具有重要意义。在高炉炼铁过程中,通常以铁水硅含量来表征高炉热状态。针对硅含量预测效率和精度不足的问题,提出主成分分析和粒子群改进的极限学习机相结合的方法对高炉铁水硅含量进行预测。由于影响铁水硅含量的因素众多,且各因素之间相互影响,通过主成分分析对影响硅含量的输入变量进行降维处理。利用粒子群算法来优化极限学习机的权值和阈值,并以均方根误差作为适应度函数建立预测模型。将提取出的主成分作为模型输入,铁水硅含量作为模型输出。最后比较了极限学习机算法和粒子群改进的极限学习机,实验结果表明改进后的预测模型提高了硅含量预测的准确度,上述方法可为高炉的生产操作提供参考。     

高炉铁水硅含量预报的ICA-SVM建模方法

提出了一种基于改进的动态独立分量分析（independent component analysis, ICA）和支持向量机(support vector machine, SVM)的高炉铁水硅含量预报模型建模方法．采用动态ICA方法对样本数据进行特征提取,消除生产工艺参数之间的相关性．在此基础上,再使用目前计算复杂性较小的最小二乘SVM算法建立高炉铁水硅含量预报的动态递推模型,并引入了遗传算法以优化模型性能．以某钢厂高炉实际生产数据进行了应用实验,并与现有的时间序列分析、人工神经网络和基本SVM建模方法进行了对比．实验统计结果表明,本文方法显著提高了铁水硅含量的预测命中率．     

铁水硅含量的混沌粒子群支持向量机预报方法

提出一种基于混沌粒子群优化(CPSO)的支持向量回归机(SVR)参数优化算法, 并使用该算法建立高炉铁水硅含量预测模型(CPSO–SVR), 对某大型钢铁厂高炉铁水硅含量的实际采集数据进行预测, 结果表明基于混沌粒子群优化算法寻优的参数建立的铁水硅含量支持向量回归预测模型具有良好的预测效果. 与最小二乘支持向量回归机(LS–SVR)、使用粒子群优化算法训练的神经网络(PSO–NN)进行比较, CPSO–SVR模型对铁水硅含量进行预测时预测绝对误差小于0.03的样本数占总测试样本数的百分比达到90%以上, 预测效果明显优于PSO–NN, 且比LS–SVR稳定性更强, 可用于高炉铁水硅含量的实际预测, 表明混沌粒子群优化算法是选取SVR参数的有效方法.     

基于差分进化优化ELM的模拟电路故障诊断

极限学习机具有学习速度快、精度高的优点。为了进一步提高泛化能力,将差分进化算法的全局寻优和算法简单的特点引入到极限学习机的参数优化中,建立了基于差分进化算法优化极限学习机的模型,使两种算法的优点有机结合,应用于模拟电路故障诊断中。首先利用主元分析对电路采样信号进行处理,提取故障特征;其次利用差分进化算法的全局寻优能力优化极限学习机网络的权值和阈值,具有很好的泛化能力。此方法应用于电路仿真实例中,能在较短的时间内获得满意的结果。     

复杂高炉炼铁过程的数据驱动建模及预测算法

高炉炼铁过程的控制意味着控制高炉铁水温度及成份在指定的范围. 本文以高炉炉内热状态的重要指示剂---高炉铁水硅含量为研究对象, 针对机理建模难以准确预测、控制高炉铁水硅含量的发展变化, 利用数据驱动建模的思想, 建立了基于多元时间序列的高炉铁水硅含量数据驱动预测模型. 实例分析表明, 建立的数据驱动预测模型能够很好地预测高炉铁水硅含量, 连续预测167炉高炉铁水硅含量, 命中率高达83.23%, 预测均方根误差为0.07260. 这些指标均优于基于单一硅时间序列所建立的数据驱动模型, 对实际生产具有很好的指导作用.     

基于FWADE-ELM的短时交通流预测方法

受道路环境和人为因素影响,实际交通系统可视为一个复杂的非线性动力系统,交通流数据具有较强的非线性、时变性和易受随机噪声影响等特征.针对复杂环境下的短时交通流预测问题,提出一种基于烟花差分进化混合算法-极限学习机的短时交通流预测方法.采用奇异谱分析方法滤除原始交通流数据中包含的噪声成分,降噪后的交通流数据用于训练极限学习机(ELM)网络预测模型.进行相空间重构,利用C-C算法确定ELM网络的结构和关键参数.通过融合烟花算法和差分进化算法提出一种烟花差分进化混合算法,可有效提高基本算法的整体优化性能.将改进的混合优化算法用于优化ELM网络的权阈值(结构为9-11-1,维数为110),建立短时交通流预测模型.测试与应用结果表明,所构建的短时交通流预测模型具有较高的预测精度和较强的泛化能力(均方误差为7.75,平均绝对百分比误差为0.086 7),预测值与实际值的拟合程度较好.     

基于飞参数据的飞机操纵系统故障评估方法

针对某型飞机的操纵系统故障评估问题,提出了一种基于飞参数据建立的差分进化极限学习机(DE-ELM)算法。该算法融合了差分进化(DE)和极限学习机(ELM)两种算法,通过对飞参数据进行训练,构建了飞机操纵系统的黑箱模型。由于极限学习机(ELM)的输入权值以及隐含层阈值是随机产生的,所以ELM的随机性较大,稳定性不高,故利用寻优能力较强的DE对ELM输入权值和隐含层阈值进行寻优,从而实现ELM的结构优化,提升ELM的稳定性和鲁棒性。仿真结果表明,DE-ELM算法的决定系数达到了97.6%,其均方误差相比于BP神经网络降低了约79%,相比于单纯的ELM降低了64%。所以说该法可以有效提高精确度,同时具有更加良好的泛化性能。     

基于Bootstrap的高炉铁水硅含量二维预报

高炉铁水硅含量的实时准确预报对调控高炉炉温和稳定炉况具有重要作用, 但其预报结果一直存在准确度不高和缺乏可信度表征等问题, 特别是在炉况不稳、运行数据波动较大时, 预报结果的准确度和可信度急速下降, 不利于现场操作人员根据预报结果进行生产操作. 为此本文融合神经网络和Bootstrap预报区间方法, 构建高炉铁水硅含量的二维预报模型, 实现在预报硅含量值的同时给出了该预测值的可信度.应用实例表明, 本文提出的方法提高了硅含量点预测结果的准确度, 且预测区间宽度能正确地表征点预测结果的可信度, 对实际生产操作具有较好的指导意义.     

基于KPCA和ELM的新型民机舵机系统故障诊断

针对传统极限学习机模型难以学习高维数据、输入权值矩阵和隐含层偏置随机给定的问题,利用核主成分分析法来降低民机故障数据维数,通过改进的极限学习机来建立新型民机升降舵故障诊断模型.模型利用差分进化算法改进了极限学习机输入权值矩阵、隐含层偏置随机生成的缺点,应用到新型民机升降舵系统的故障诊断中.测试结果表明,KPCA-ELM...     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.