动脉溶栓治疗急性大脑中动脉脑梗死(附16例报告)

目的分析急性大脑中动脉脑梗死动脉溶栓的疗效。方法对16例经脑血管造影证实为大脑中动 脉急性脑梗死的患者进行了动脉溶栓治疗。手术结束前通过脑血管造影了解大脑中动脉再通情况。术后即刻和 24 h后分别行头颅CT检查了解有无颅内出血(intracerebral hemorrhage,ICH)。术后第90 d采用Barthel指数(Bar- thel index,BI)对患者牛活状态进行评估。结果平均治疗持续时间为71min。16例患者中完全再通13例,部分再 通3例。症状性颅内出血2例,死亡1例。术后第90d,生活状态优者13例,良者2例,死亡1例。结论动脉溶栓 能够明显提高大脑中动脉的再通,改善患者的预后。     

急性大脑中动脉脑梗死动脉溶栓治疗临床分析

目的评价超选择性动脉溶栓治疗急性大脑中动脉脑梗死的疗效和安全性。方法选择发病6h内的急性脑梗死患者51例,其中动脉溶栓组21例,接受脑血管造影证实为大脑中动脉急性闭塞并进行超选择性动脉溶栓治疗;常规治疗组30例,给予巴曲酶降纤治疗。观察两组NIHSS、Barthel指数(barthel index,BI),并进行疗效评定。结果动脉溶栓组21例患者中完全再通13例,部分再通5例,症状性颅内出血3例,死亡1例,术后90d优者(BI≥90)12例,良者(50≤BI<90)6例,差者(BI<50)1例,术后6个月生活状态优者15例,良者3例,差者1例。两组14d、90d的NIHSS评分,相比有统计学意义。结论动脉溶栓能够明显提高闭塞血管再通率,改善患者急性期临床症状和远期预后。     

急性脑梗死动脉内溶栓治疗疗效及安全性

目的 评价动脉内溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的疗效及安全性.方法 对符合急性脑梗死诊断标准及动脉内溶栓治疗入选标准的38例急性脑梗死患者,行全脑血管造影,根据造影结果无明确血管闭塞者,在可疑患侧颈内动脉或椎动脉内注入尿激酶50万U,有血管闭塞者进行超选择性动脉内溶栓.并对患者进行血管再通、神经功能评估及评定溶栓后14d、3个月患者独立生活能力.结果 脑血管造影无血管闭塞7例,血管闭塞31例,其中颈内动脉系统闭塞19例,椎基底动脉系统闭塞12例.溶栓前31例血管闭塞患者TIMI分级为0～1级,溶栓后完全再通10例,部分再通18例,闭塞血管再通率为90.32%.7例血管造影无血管闭塞患者结果良好,10例血管闭塞治疗后完全再通者MRS 1级,18例部分再通者8例患者MRS 1级,6例 MRS 2级,2例MRS 3级,死亡2例,3例闭塞血管无再通者MRS 2级.2例患者出现脑出血.结论 动脉内溶栓治疗急性脑梗死临床疗效好,动脉内溶栓治疗后抗凝及抗血小板聚集治疗未增加颅内出血的发生.     

尿激酶治疗急性脑梗死动脉内溶栓28例分析

目的观察及评价选择性动脉内溶栓治疗急性脑梗死的临床疗效和安全性。方法 28例急性脑梗死患者(前循环发病6 h内11例,后循环发病12 h内17例)行动脉内选择性尿激酶溶栓治疗。结果发现闭塞24例85.7%,溶栓后完全再通15例62.5%,部分再通7例29.2%,未再通2例8.3%,总体血管再通率91.7%,颅内出血2例8.3%,死亡1例4.2%。4例后循环梗死患者未发现明显闭塞,在小剂量使用尿激酶后临床症状明显好转。结论选择性动脉内溶栓能提高闭塞血管再通率,明显改善预后,是治疗急性脑梗死的一种有效和较安全的方法。     

时间窗超过3h急性缺血性卒中患者动脉溶栓治疗观察

目的 评价时间窗超过3 h的急性缺血性卒中患者动脉溶栓治疗的疗效及影响因素.方法 选择法国南锡大学中心医院神经影像科自2008年1月至2009年1月收治的16例急性缺血性卒中患者(时间窗均达到或超过3 h,颈内动脉系统卒中时间窗不超过6 h,椎基底动脉系统卒中时间窗不超过24h.昏迷不超过6 h),行动脉内药物联合机械溶栓治疗,分析不同因素对疗效的影响.结果 7例患者闭塞血管达到完全再通,7例达到部分再通,另有2例闭塞血管未再通,再通率为87.5%.患者动脉溶栓后与溶栓前NIHSS评分比较明显降低.时间窗大于5 h的前循环系统闭塞患者溶栓前后NIHSS评分无改善,与时间窗较短患者相比较,出院时mRS评分明显较高.5例颈内动脉闭塞患者溶栓前后NIHSS评分无改善,与9例大脑中动脉闭塞患者、2例基底动脉闭塞患者相比预后较差.4例患者溶栓后24h出现症状性颅内出血,3例为颈内动脉闭塞,1例死亡.1例溶栓后发生血管再闭,但因侧支循环血流丰富,最终临床预后仍较好.结论 对于时间窗超过3 h大脑中动脉和基底动脉闭塞急性缺血性卒中患者,动脉溶栓可使闭塞血管达到较高的再通率,短期内使临床神经功能恢复,改善临床结局.临床应用动脉溶栓时应注意个体化选择性治疗,评价其疗效需结合时间窗、血管闭塞部位、侧支循环、并发症等因素,避免出血等并发症.     

时间窗超过3h急性缺血性卒中患者动脉溶栓治疗观察

目的 评价时间窗超过3 h的急性缺血性卒中患者动脉溶栓治疗的疗效及影响因素.方法 选择法国南锡大学中心医院神经影像科自2008年1月至2009年1月收治的16例急性缺血性卒中患者(时间窗均达到或超过3 h,颈内动脉系统卒中时间窗不超过6 h,椎基底动脉系统卒中时间窗不超过24h.昏迷不超过6 h),行动脉内药物联合机械溶栓治疗,分析不同因素对疗效的影响.结果 7例患者闭塞血管达到完全再通,7例达到部分再通,另有2例闭塞血管未再通,再通率为87.5%.患者动脉溶栓后与溶栓前NIHSS评分比较明显降低.时间窗大于5 h的前循环系统闭塞患者溶栓前后NIHSS评分无改善,与时间窗较短患者相比较,出院时mRS评分明显较高.5例颈内动脉闭塞患者溶栓前后NIHSS评分无改善,与9例大脑中动脉闭塞患者、2例基底动脉闭塞患者相比预后较差.4例患者溶栓后24h出现症状性颅内出血,3例为颈内动脉闭塞,1例死亡.1例溶栓后发生血管再闭,但因侧支循环血流丰富,最终临床预后仍较好.结论 对于时间窗超过3 h大脑中动脉和基底动脉闭塞急性缺血性卒中患者,动脉溶栓可使闭塞血管达到较高的再通率,短期内使临床神经功能恢复,改善临床结局.临床应用动脉溶栓时应注意个体化选择性治疗,评价其疗效需结合时间窗、血管闭塞部位、侧支循环、并发症等因素,避免出血等并发症.     

基底动脉原位狭窄伴急性闭塞血管内治疗的有效性和安全性分析

目的探讨基底动脉原位狭窄并急性闭塞行血管内治疗的有效性和安全性。方法回顾性分析28例基底动脉原位狭窄伴急性闭塞行血管内治疗患者的临床资料。28例患者在发病6～8 h内接受一种或多种血管内治疗技术再通血管。入院时采用美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)和格拉斯哥昏迷量表(GCS)评估患者的神经功能,术后即刻采用m TICI分级评估血管再通程度,术后72 h复查头颅MRI或CT,随访采用mRS评分评估患者术后90 d的预后。结果术中即刻血管造影评估血管再通率:25例患者(89.3%)血管再通良好,3例患者(10.7%)血管再通不良。术后90 d随访,预后良好患者16例(57.1%),预后不良患者12例(42.9%)。其中死亡7例(25%),术后症状性颅内出血1例(3.6%);无血管内治疗手术相关并发症发生。结论血管内治疗基底动脉原位狭窄伴急性闭塞是有效、安全的。     

急性缺血性脑卒中血管内治疗21例临床分析

目的探讨急性缺血性脑卒中血管内治疗的方法、疗效和安全性。方法回顾性分析血管内治疗的大血管闭塞的急性缺血性脑卒中患者21例。10例为阿替普酶静脉溶栓后桥接血管内治疗,11例直接行血管内治疗。其中机械取栓12例,机械取栓+支架植入3例,单纯颈动脉支架植入3例,机械取栓+动脉溶栓1例,机械取栓+动脉溶栓+支架植入1例,单纯动脉溶栓1例。评估术中mTICI再通等级、并发症及术后随访第90天m RS评分,分析疗效与安全性。结果21例患者前循环卒中18例,后循环卒中3例。NIHSS评分平均15. 81±6. 44分。20例患者术后血管再通达mTICI 2 b-3级。术中并发出血1例,术后大量颅内出血1例,无症状少量颅内出血4例。术后高灌注综合征8例,其中4例行去骨瓣减压术,最终死亡5例(23. 81%)。术后随访第90天mRS评分0～2分8例。结论经充分评估并及时采取适宜的单一或多种血管内治疗方法对于大血管闭塞导致的急性缺血性脑卒中患者安全有效。     

急性脑梗死超早期应用尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗四例

目的评价急性脑梗死超早期应用尿激酶动脉溶栓的疗效及安全性。方法应用尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗4例急性脑梗死患者,分析溶栓时间窗、尿激酶剂量、责任供血动脉再通情况与转归的关系等。结果例2大脑中动脉溶栓后症状完全缓解;例4颈内动脉溶栓后颈内动脉完全再通,但有皮层支梗死;例1、3大脑中动脉溶栓后部分再通。本文4例患者溶栓后2周神经功能缺损评分明显降低。结论急性脑梗死超早期应用尿激酶动脉溶栓治疗能明显提高责任供血动脉再通率,改善患者预后。动脉溶栓对大、中动脉急性闭塞性脑梗死患者疗效显著,对穿支动脉急性闭塞脑梗死患者疗效欠佳,有待进一步随机、双盲、大样本证实。     

替罗非班联合尿激酶治疗破裂动脉瘤弹簧圈栓塞过程中急性血栓形成

目的 探讨替罗非斑联合尿激酶介入溶栓治疗对颅内破裂动脉瘤行弹簧圈栓塞过程中并发血栓栓塞的疗效和安全性. 方法 济宁市第一人民医院神经外科自2010年5月至2012年2月应用电解弹簧圈栓塞颅内破裂动脉瘤256例,其中12例发生血栓栓塞并发症,均给予替罗非班联合尿激酶介入溶栓以及机械性破栓治疗,每10分钟造影观察血管溶通情况,直至血管完全或部分再通.分析总结溶栓的疗效. 结果 本组患者除1例为椎动脉外,其余均为颈内动脉系统闭塞.溶栓后血管完全再通9例,Gonner再通分级标准3级,1例术后肢体轻度偏瘫,余8例无明显神经功能缺失;血管大部分再通1例,Gonner分级标准2级,有轻度神经功能障碍,恢复期因心肌梗死死亡;完全再通1例,Gonner分级标准2级,术后左侧肢体瘫痪,保守治疗后症状改善出院;部分血管再通1例,Gonner分级标准2级,术后3月残留右侧肢体偏瘫;溶栓治疗1个月后患者格拉斯哥预后量表(GOS)评分1分1例,3分2例,4分2例;5分7例;术后第90天用BI指数评估患者生活状态,评分优8例,良3例,差1例. 结论 颅内破裂动脉瘤行弹簧圈栓塞时并发的急性栓塞,替罗非斑联合尿激酶介入溶栓治疗是安全、有效的治疗手段.     

时间窗超过3h急性缺血性卒中患者动脉溶栓治疗观察

目的 评价时间窗超过3 h的急性缺血性卒中患者动脉溶栓治疗的疗效及影响因素.方法 选择法国南锡大学中心医院神经影像科自2008年1月至2009年1月收治的16例急性缺血性卒中患者(时间窗均达到或超过3 h,颈内动脉系统卒中时间窗不超过6 h,椎基底动脉系统卒中时间窗不超过24h.昏迷不超过6 h),行动脉内药物联合机械溶栓治疗,分析不同因素对疗效的影响.结果 7例患者闭塞血管达到完全再通,7例达到部分再通,另有2例闭塞血管未再通,再通率为87.5%.患者动脉溶栓后与溶栓前NIHSS评分比较明显降低.时间窗大于5 h的前循环系统闭塞患者溶栓前后NIHSS评分无改善,与时间窗较短患者相比较,出院时mRS评分明显较高.5例颈内动脉闭塞患者溶栓前后NIHSS评分无改善,与9例大脑中动脉闭塞患者、2例基底动脉闭塞患者相比预后较差.4例患者溶栓后24h出现症状性颅内出血,3例为颈内动脉闭塞,1例死亡.1例溶栓后发生血管再闭,但因侧支循环血流丰富,最终临床预后仍较好.结论 对于时间窗超过3 h大脑中动脉和基底动脉闭塞急性缺血性卒中患者,动脉溶栓可使闭塞血管达到较高的再通率,短期内使临床神经功能恢复,改善临床结局.临床应用动脉溶栓时应注意个体化选择性治疗,评价其疗效需结合时间窗、血管闭塞部位、侧支循环、并发症等因素,避免出血等并发症.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of intra-arterial hrombolytic therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke having their time window over 3 h and analyze its influencing factors.Methods Sixteen patients with acute ischemic stroke having their time window over 3 h, admitted to Department of Neuroradiology of Central Hospital of Nancy University from January 2008 to January 2009, were treated by intra-arterial thrombolysis using chemical (rt-PA) and mechanical technique. These patients had carotid stroke for less than 3 h, vertebrobasilar stroke for less than 24 h or coma for less than 6 h. According to the images of DSA, the recanalization after thrombolysis was evaluated by thrombolysis in cerebral infarction (TICI) grades. CT scans 24 h after thrombolysis were operated to detect the hemorrhage complications. NIHSS at baseline and 24 h after thrombolysis and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were recorded to evaluate the clinical efficacy. Results After intra-arterial thrombolysis, 7 (43.75%) in 16 patients got totally recanalization (TICI grade 3), another 7 partial recanalization (TICI grade 2), and the left 2 patients failed in recanalization (TICI grade 1); the total recanalization rate was 87.5%. A significant reduction of NIHSS scores after the thrombolysis was noted as compared with that before the thrombolysis. The atients with occlusion of anterior ciculation having time window over 5 h enjoyed no reduction of NIHSS scores after thrombolysis; mRS scores in patients having time window over 5 h were ignificantly higher as compared with those in patients having time window less than 5 h.The patients having ICA occlusion (n=5) had no reduction of NIHSS scores after thrombolysis, and enjoyed poorer prognosis as compared with whose occlusion lay in the middle cerebral artery (MCA,n=9) and basilar artery (BA, n=2). By CT scan 24 h after thrombolysis, 4 patients were detected with symptomatic intra cerebral hemorrhage (ICH, 25%) and all of them with occlusion in the internal carotid artery system: 1 patient with occlusion in MCA died of cerebral hernia causing by the large hematoma;the other 3 were all occlusion in ICA. Although reocclusion after thrombolysis occurred, 1 patient was benefitted from the affluent collateral perfusion and got a good prognosis. Conclusion For patientswith BA and MCA occlusion having time window over 3 h, intra-arterial thrombolytic therapy is effective and selective resulting from their high recanalization rate, improvement of neurological function and clinical end. The therapy should be individually chosen; mutiple factors as time window of stroke,location of stroke, ompensatory circulation and complications should be considered in evaluating the efficacy; and the hemorrhage complications should be avoided.     

Local intra-arterial fibrinolysis in acute hemispheric stroke: effect of occlusion type and fibrinolytic agent on recanalization success and neurological outcome

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the effect of occlusion type and fibrinolytic agent on recanalization success and clinical outcome in patients undergoing local intra-arterial fibrinolysis (LIF) in acute hemispheric stroke. METHODS: LIF was performed in 137 patients with angiographically established occlusion in the carotid circulation within 6 h of stroke onset. Retrospective analysis included recanalization success, recanalization time, type of occlusion and fibrinolytic treatment mode. Five types of occlusion were categorized: intracranial bifurcation (carotid 'T') of the internal carotid artery (ICA; n = 35); proximal segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA; n = 66); distal segment of the MCA (n = 20); extracranial ICA with MCA embolism (n = 8); multiple peripheral branches of the anterior cerebral artery and the MCA (n = 8). Neurologic outcome was evaluated after 3 months by Barthel Index (BI) as good (BI >90), moderate (BI 50-90), poor (BI <50) or death. RESULTS: Recanalization was achieved in 74 patients (54%). Mean recanalization time in recanalized patients was 91 min. Neurologic outcome was good in 48 patients (35%), moderate in 34 (25%), poor in 30 (22%) and 25 died (18%). Outcome was significantly better in recanalized than in nonrecanalized patients (p < 0.001). Treatment results were significantly better in proximal and distal MCA occlusion than in carotid 'T' occlusions (p < 0.001). Recanalization success hardly differed between urokinase and rt-PA. Combined treatment with rt-PA and lys-plasminogen tended toward a faster recanalization. Parenchymal hemorrhage occurred in 13 patients (9%). CONCLUSION: The type of occlusion is of high prognostic value for successful fibrinolysis in the anterior circulation. However, recanalization is a time-consuming process even with an intra-arterial approach. Recanalization did not differ between type or dosage of plasminogen activators. Further innovative attempts are warranted towards hastening recanalization time in endovascular acute stroke treatment.     

Conservative medical treatment and intravenous thrombolysis in acute stroke from carotid T occlusion

BACKGROUND: We aimed to analyse the course of early recanalization and corresponding functional outcome in patients with an acute occlusion of the carotid T who were treated conservatively or underwent intravenous thrombolysis. METHODS: Forty-two patients with an acute occlusion of the carotid T within 6 h were recruited from consecutive admissions to a neurological department participating in the Duplex Sonography in Acute Stroke study. All patients underwent a standardized admission and follow-up procedure. Colour-coded duplex sonography was performed on admission, 30 min after thrombolysis, and at 6 and 24 h after onset of symptoms. Recanalization of the carotid T was classified as complete, partial and absent. Functional outcome was rated with the modified Rankin scale (mRS) at 3 months as favourable (mRS 0-2) or poor (mRS 3-6). RESULTS: Within 6 h, complete or partial recanalization occurred in 1 of 27 patients treated conservatively and in 6 of 15 thrombolysed patients. Intravenous thrombolysis predicted early recanalization also after adjustment for age, sex, cardioembolic stroke aetiology and time to treatment (adjusted odds ratio, OR, 39.7; 95% confidence interval, CI, 2.0-801.7; p = 0.016). An early recanalization was the only selected predictor of a favourable outcome (OR, 13.6; 95% CI, 1.0-179.0; p = 0.047) at regression analysis, and was achieved in 3 thrombolysed patients but in none with conservative medical treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In patients treated conservatively, functional outcome is poor and early recanalization rarely occurs. The latter can be achieved by intravenous thrombolysis with a rate comparable to that found at an intra-arterial approach without major intracranial bleeding complications. Early recanalization is associated with a better functional outcome.     

Predictors of clinical improvement, angiographic recanalization, and intracranial hemorrhage after intra-arterial thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We sought to evaluate predictors of clinical outcome, angiographic success, and adverse effects after intra-arterial administration of urokinase for acute ischemic stroke. METHODS: We designed a Brain Attack program at University Hospitals of Cleveland for diagnosis and treatment of patients presenting within 6 hours of onset of neurological deficit. Patients with ischemia referable to the carotid circulation were treated with intra-arterial urokinase. Angiographic recanalization was assessed at the end of medication infusion. Intracerebral hemorrhage was investigated immediately after and 24 hours after treatment. Stroke severity was determined, followed by long-term outcome. RESULTS: Fifty-four patients were treated. There was improvement of >/=4 points on the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale from presentation to 24 hours after onset in 43% of the treated patients, and this was related to the severity of the initial deficit. Forty-eight percent of patients had a Barthel Index score of 95 to 100 at 90 days, and total mortality was 24%. Cranial CT scans revealed intracerebral hemorrhage in 17% of patients in the first 24 hours, and these patients had more severe deficits at presentation. Eighty-seven percent of patients received intravenous heparin after thrombolysis, and 9% of them developed a hemorrhage into infarction. Angiographic recanalization was the rule in complete occlusions of the horizontal portion of the middle cerebral artery, but distal carotid occlusions responded less well to thrombolysis. CONCLUSIONS: The intra-arterial route for thrombolysis allows for greater diagnostic precision and achievement of a higher concentration of the thrombolytic agent in the vicinity of the clot. Disadvantages of this therapy lie in the cost and delay. Severity of stroke and site of angiographic occlusion may be important predictors of successful treatment.     

早期动脉内超选择性溶栓治疗急性缺血性脑梗死

目的观察动脉内超选择性尿激酶溶解血栓治疗急性缺血性脑梗死的疗效及并发症。方法对6例发病于4～12h内的急性缺血性脑梗死患者行动脉内超选择性尿激酶溶解血栓治疗。结果经溶解血栓治疗后完全再通4例，部分再通2例；溶解血栓治疗后14d基本痊愈1例，显著进步3例，进步1例，死亡1例。溶栓后无颅内出血。结论早期动脉内超选择性尿激酶溶解血栓能明显提高闭塞血管再通率，改善预后，是治疗急性缺血性脑梗死的一种有效和相对安全的方法。     

接触溶栓结合球囊机械扩张治疗急性脑梗死

目的观察和总结急性脑梗死的动脉接触溶栓结合球囊机械扩张开通栓塞血管的可行性和安全性.方法对15例急性脑梗死病人（栓塞血管分别为大脑中动脉6例,大脑前动脉3例,颈内动脉主干5例,基底动脉1例）均在发病9 h内进行超选择动脉接触溶栓治疗,其中6例结合球囊机械扩张开通颅内栓塞动脉.结果主要栓塞动脉100%再通,病人恢复较好.6例随访1～12个月,病情稳定.结论超选择动脉接触溶栓加球囊机械扩张治疗急性脑梗死安全有效,明显提高了栓塞动脉的再通率.