AA6063铝合金表面激光熔覆TiC/Al3Ti复合涂层的耐腐蚀性能

为了提高AA6063铝合金的性能,采用激光熔覆技术在AA6063铝合金表面制备了TiC增强Al3Ti复合涂层,研究了激光熔覆层的成分、显微形貌和耐腐蚀性能.结果表明:激光熔覆层由树枝晶Al3Ti、枝晶间α-Al和均匀分布的TiC颗粒组成,涂层和基材为良好的冶金结合;与基材相比,激光熔覆层的耐腐蚀性能显著提高,且随着TiC含量的增加,熔覆层的耐腐蚀性能提高.     

钛合金表面激光熔覆Ni基梯度涂层的研究

为了改善Ti6Al4V钛合金表面耐磨性能和抗高温氧化性能,采用CO2激光在Ti6Al4V钛合金表面进行激光熔覆Ni基梯度涂层试验.利用扫描电镜和显微硬度计等手段分析了熔覆层组织,测试了基体和熔覆层的显微硬度.结果表明,采用适当的工艺参数,可以在钛合金表面获得连续、均匀、无裂纹和气孔的熔覆层.熔覆层组织由树枝晶和晶间共晶组织构成,并与基体形成牢固的冶金结合.由基体到表面,显微硬度过渡平稳,呈明显梯度渐变特征.     

等离子熔覆Ni—Cr合金涂层的组织与性能研究

采用等离子熔覆技术在40Cr钢基材表面熔覆Ni-Cr合金涂层,研究了熔覆层的组织特征、成分和显微硬度分布特点.结果表明:等离子熔覆层与基体的结合面是由等轴晶构成的,熔覆层与基体呈现良好的冶金结合状态;熔覆层中部分布着沿逆热流方向生长的排列较规则的枝晶组织;熔覆层表层是细小的枝晶组织.能谱分析表明在结合面处Ni,Cr含量发生显著变化,等离子熔覆可以实现低稀释率.熔覆层的显微硬度呈梯度过渡到基体,熔覆层外层硬度值最高,在结合面附近硬度出现显著的变化.     

钛合金表面激光熔覆TiC/NiCrBSi涂层温度场有限元模拟

为在钛合金表面获得优质激光熔覆涂层,用有限元方法研究了激光熔覆工艺对熔池温度场分布和凝固后熔覆层组织的影响,考虑相变潜热、辐射对流散热以及温度对热物理性能的影响等因素,建立三维有限元模型模拟了Ti6Al4V合金表面激光熔覆TiC/NiCrBSi复合涂层过程中的温度场,并结合熔覆过程的温度场分布,对涂层的形貌、结合区、基...     

低碳钢表面激光熔覆层及其高温磨损行为

为改善低碳钢材料的耐高温磨损性能,采用激光熔覆法,在低碳钢表面制备出Ni60合金、Ni60＋Y2O3的熔覆涂层和Ni60熔覆-重熔涂层,利用X射线衍射仪、磨擦磨损实验机、扫描和透射电镜分析了熔覆层相组成、高温耐磨性能和熔覆层显微形貌.结果表明：所制得熔覆层与熔覆-重熔层组织均一、致密,与基体形成了良好的冶金结合;熔覆-...     

45钢表面Ni基激光熔覆层的耐蚀性能

为改善45钢表面的力学性能和耐蚀性,在相同功率下采用不同扫描速率在其表面激光熔覆制备了Ni基(Ni35A)复合涂层。利用金相显微镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计和电化学腐蚀测试系统对熔覆试样进行组织形貌、相组成、显微硬度和耐蚀性能分析。结果表明:熔覆试样由熔覆层、结合区和基体3部分组成;熔覆层组织细密并与基体冶金结合,扫描速率过大时易形成裂纹;熔覆层主要由FeNi3和Ni3B相组成,不同速率所得熔覆层显微硬度均超过400 HV;扫描速率为500 mm/min时熔覆试样自腐蚀电位提高了40 mV。     

大型内燃机气阀圆锥面激光宽带熔覆钴基合金材料的研究

为了研究在耐热钢气阀圆锥面基体上激光宽带熔覆钴基合金，采用6kwCO2激光器进行激光熔覆，进行了工艺研究，用扫描电境（SEM）对激光熔覆层进行形貌观察。结果取得在气阀圆锥面基体上熔覆钴基舍金的最佳工艺参数，耐热钢基体与熔覆层能形成良好的冶金结合，在圆锥面上开圆角坡口的熔覆质量优于直角坡口。     

功率对暖通E690钢激光熔覆Ni60A涂层结构和摩擦性能的影响

选择激光熔覆方法在暖通用E690高强钢表面制备Ni60A涂层,通过实验测试的手段研究不同激光功率条件下的熔覆层组织结构变化与耐磨性差异。研究结果表明:所有熔覆层都形成了清晰的分界面,各功率下试样形成的熔覆区厚度依次为90、310、380与650μm。功率1300 W时涂层的胞状晶尺寸最小,在合金组织内存在许多具有雪花形特征的共晶组织,形成了更细小晶体组织,经历均匀度也获得了提升,整体分布形态也最均匀。增大激光功率后,熔池获得了更优冶金条件,在熔覆层组织中生成更多细小晶粒。功率1300 W条件下涂层生成了CrNiC与CrFeNi强化相,使涂层获得了更高硬度并显著提升了耐磨能力。随着激光功率增大后,涂层摩擦系数表现出减小,在熔池中出现了更多SiC和基材组织结合,对基体组织发挥了明显的固溶强化作用,从而获得更优的韧性。     

镍基熔覆涂层受冲击载荷作用下的性能研究

45钢及1Cr18Ni9Ti表面激光熔覆WFCL-11涂层，研究了激光熔覆涂层与基体界面及表面显微组织和硬度特点，分析在冲击载荷作用下，显微组织、结合性能、硬度变化等特点。发现了不同基材与熔覆材料对结合面性能的影响。     

激光熔覆Co基合金/MoSi_2复合涂层工艺参数的优化

激光熔覆工艺参数对熔覆层的形貌及质量具有重要影响。利用激光熔覆技术,采用预置粉末法在304不锈钢表面制备高质量的Co基合金/MoSi_2复合涂层。通过对不同激光熔覆工艺参数下复合涂层宏观形貌以及微观组织的研究分析,较详细地探讨了激光熔覆功率对熔覆层熔覆质量的影响,得出激光熔覆Co基合金+20%MoSi_2复合涂层时的最佳工艺参数:功率2.2 k W,扫描速度8 mm/s,光斑直径5 mm。所得熔覆层的横截面呈组织致密的"月牙"形貌,且沿垂直于结合面的方向生长并逐渐细化。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

The Research of Anti-Wear Properties of Organomolybdenum Compounds in the Engine Oils

A four-ball tester was used to evaluate the anti-wear performance of three kinds of organomolybdemun compounds in the engine oils, i. e., molybdenum dialkyldithiophosphate (MoDDP), molybdenum dialkyldithiocarbamate ( MoDTC), and sulphur and phosphorus freeorganomolybdeum (Molybdate). The results indicate that a low concentration of MoDDP doesn' t improve the anti-wear properties of the commercial engine oils, but a high concentration of MoDDP can obviously improve the anti-wear properties and the load-carrying capacity of the engine oils. MoDTC doesn' t improve the antiwear properties of the engine oils, but worsens the anti-wear properties of the oils. Signifi can timprove ment of frictional and wear characteristics is obtained with Molybdate added in the commercial engine oils and the formulated oils.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Certification Becomes Important for the I Quality; and Safety Supervision of the Chinese Liquor Sector

The end of 2007, over 200 unit products of more than 80 Chinese firms have passed the quality grade certification for liquor products. These products involve distilled spirits, beer, wine, yellow wine, fruit syrup wine and others, and cover over 80% of the national top-branded liquor products.……     

Deposition and Coating Properties on CVD Tungsten

Surface characterization and microstructure studies are performed on chemical vapor deposited (CVD) tungsten coating. There is about 2 μm thickness diffusion layer of tungsten in the molybdenum substrate. The thermal shock test shows tungsten coating has good adhesion with molybdenum substrate, but the elements of oxygen and carbon in the tungsten coating have the bad affection to the adhesion. The result of high-temperature diffusion experiment is the diffusion rate from molybdenum substrate to tungsten coating is faster.