99Tcm-TRADOT-1显像在君复康胶囊防治毒品复吸中的应用

目的　探讨君复康胶囊修复损害的纹状体、恢复紊乱的多巴胺 (DA)系统代谢的价值。方法　正常志愿者 18例作为对照组 ;海洛因稽延性戒断综合征患者 12例 ,服用君复康胶囊前后行99Tcm 2 β [N ,N′ 双 (2 巯乙基 )乙撑二胺基 ]甲基 ,3β (4 氯苯基 )托烷 (TRODAT 1)多巴胺转运蛋白 (DAT )SPECT显像 ,剂量为 74 0MBq。使用 3个数学模型分别计算纹状体体积 (V ,cm3)、质量 (m ,g)和纹状体与全脑放射性比值 (Ra)。结果　海洛因稽延性戒断综合征患者治疗前DAT显像示 ,所有患者双侧纹状体不同程度异常 ,与对照组相比纹状体V、m和Ra差异均有显著性 (t>3 2 5 ,P <0 0 1～ 0 0 5 )。君复康胶囊治疗后 ,随稽延性戒断综合征消失 ,DAT显像示双侧纹状体恢复“熊猫眼”形 ,接近对照组的DAT影像。纹状体V、m和Ra有不同程度改善。患者操守期已达 15个月以上 (10 12例 ,83 3% ) ,同时“心瘾”消失。结论　海洛因稽延性戒断综合征患者的DAT数量、位点明显减少 ,功能低下。经君复康胶囊治疗后 ,双侧纹状体DAT功能得到明显修复 ,接近对照组水平。     

抽动秽语综合征的脑^99Tc^m-TRODAT-1SPECT显像

目的 利用^99Tc^m-TRODAT-1 SPECT脑显像观察抽动秽语综合征（TS）患者纹状体DAT的结合能力,探讨纹状体^99Tc^m-TRODAT-1的摄取率与年龄、病程及抽动严重性之间的关系.方法 选取未经治疗的TS患者18例：男14例,女4例,年龄（24±10）岁;性别、年龄匹配的健康对照者8名.所有受检者按体质量静脉注射^99Tc^m-TRODAT-1 11.1～14.8 MBq/kg,2.5 h后行脑SPECT显像.分别在双侧纹状体及进一步划分的尾状核和壳核勾画感兴趣区,以小脑为本底,计算纹状体/小脑放射性比值,该值反映纹状体对99Tcm-TRODAT-1的摄取率.采用独立样本t检验将TS患者与对照组的99Tcm-TRODAT-1摄取率进行比较;采用Pearson相关分析将患者摄取率与年龄、病程、抽动严重性等做进一步相关分析.结果 TS患者双侧纹状体对99Tcm-TRODAT-1的摄取率明显高于对照组（2.17±0.23与1.87±0.24,t=2.957,P＜0.05）,且分布对称;纹状体摄取率与患者年龄（r=-0.320,P＞0.05）、抽动严重性（r=0.345,P＞0.05）无关,但与病程呈负相关（r=-0.483,P＜0.05）,病程越短,摄取率越高.结论 未经治疗的TS患者DAT功能活性较对照组明显增强;DAT活性增高程度与病程呈负相关.99Tcm-TRODAT-1 SPECT脑显像可作为初诊TS患者确诊的客观依据.     

帕金森患者脑多巴胺转运体11C-CFT PET/CT显像特点的分析

目的 探讨帕金森病（PD）患者11C-2β-甲氧甲酰-3β-（4-氟苯基）托烷（CFT）脑多巴胺转运体（DAT）PET/CT显像的特点,分析其对PD的临床诊断价值。 方法 回顾性分析2018年8月至2021年2月于贵州医科大学附属医院行11C-CFT PET/CT脑显像且经临床确诊的41例原发性PD患者的临床资料和影像学资料,其中男性21例、女性20例,年龄34~81岁（57.6±12.2）岁。根据Hoehn-Yahr（H-Y）分级将PD患者分为早期PD组（19例）和晚期PD组（22例）。同时纳入与PD组患者年龄匹配的8名健康受检者作为正常对照组,其中男性4名、女性4名,年龄42~72（61.0±9.8）岁。通过勾画感兴趣区（ROI）得到双侧尾状核、壳核及小脑3个层面的11C-CFT摄取值,按相应公式计算双侧尾状核、壳核、新纹状体的11C-CFT摄取值和不对称指数、壳核与尾状核摄取值的比值。计量资料的比较采用两独立样本t检验;计数资料的比较采用卡方检验;采用Pearson相关性分析评价PD患者新纹状体及各亚区DAT分布与各临床指标之间的相关性。 结果 在11C-CFT PET/CT脑显像中,PD组双侧尾状核放射性分布呈稍降低但尚均匀,双侧壳核放射性分布呈不同程度的降低或稀疏缺损。其中,早期PD组患者双侧壳核放射性分布呈不对称性降低或缺损;晚期PD组患者双侧壳核放射性分布呈较对称性稀疏缺损。与正常对照组比较,PD组新纹状体11C-CFT摄取值减低,且差异有统计学意义（12.29±2.75 对 7.69±2.42,t=4.818,P<0.01）;PD组不对称指数增高,且在壳核中表现最显著,差异有统计学意义（0.06±0.08 对 0.14±0.09,t=2.184,P<0.05）;PD组壳核与尾状核摄取值的比值降低,且差异有统计学意义（1.13±0.13 对 0.74±0.21,t=4.929,P<0.01）。与早期PD组比较,晚期PD组在新纹状体的摄取值降低最明显,且差异有统计学意义（8.50±1.77 对 6.99±2.71,t=2.070,P<0.05）,晚期PD组在尾状核、壳核不对称指数之间的差异均有统计学意义（0.06±0.06 对 0.11±0.08、0.18±0.10 对 0.11±0.07,t=2.251、2.858,均P<0.05）。PD患者新纹状体11C-CFT摄取值与年龄、起病年龄、H-Y分级均呈负相关（r=?0.444、?0.514、?0.426,均P<0.01）,与壳核11C-CFT摄取不对称指数呈正相关（r=0.331,P<0.05）。PD患者尾状核11C-CFT摄取值与年龄、起病年龄、H-Y分级均呈负相关（r=?0.537、?0.581、?0.380,均P<0.05）,与壳核不对称指数呈正相关（r=0.410,P<0.01）;PD患者壳核11C-CFT摄取值与起病年龄、H-Y分级均呈负相关（r=?0.353、?0.453,均P<0.05）,与病程、壳核与尾状核摄取值的比值均呈正相关（r=0.322、0.396,均P<0.05）。 结论 PD患者DAT在11C-CFT PET/CT脑显像上主要表现为双侧尾状核及壳核的放射性分布降低,11C-CFT PET/CT脑DAT显像有助于PD的诊断及其严重程度的评估。     

^18F-FECNT的生物分布特性及小动物PET显像研究

目的探讨多巴胺转运蛋白（DAT）显像剂^18F-N-（2-氟乙基）-2β-甲酯基-3β-（4-氯苯基）去甲基托烷（FECNT）的体内生物分布特性,并进行小动物PET显像研究,以评价其临床应用潜力。方法自制^18F-FECNT注射液,进行正常小鼠脑内分布、DAT阻断实验、正常和单侧帕金森病（PD）模型大鼠小动物PET脑显像。结果正常ICR小鼠在给药后5,15,30,60,120,180min的进脑量分别达2．22,1．20,1．02,0．78,0．71,0．67百分注射剂量率（％ID）。给药后5～60min内,药物在纹状体（ST）部位浓聚,纹状体／小脑（ST／CB）比值在5,15,30,60min时分别为2．56,3．47,2．78,1．63。120min后ST的放射性浓度下降至与其他脑组织相近。脑内DAT经β-CFF阻断的小鼠,其ST未见放射性浓聚。正常大鼠小动物PFT显像图中ST显影清晰（ST／CB=2．18±0．16,n=3）,双侧对称;PD模型大鼠未损毁侧ST放射性浓聚（ST未损毁侧／CB=2．01±0．23,n=3）,而损毁侧ST放射性摄取不明显,与小脑相当（ST损毁侧／CB=1．04±0．05）。结论^18F-FECNT能透过无损的血脑屏障浓聚于ST,对DAT具有高亲和性与特异性,是一种有临床应用潜力的DAT显像剂。     

实验性甲状腺功能亢进大鼠脑多巴胺转运蛋白及多巴胺含量的变化

目的研究甲状腺激素升高时脑纹状体多巴胺转运蛋白（DAT）、多巴胺（DA）及其代谢产物3,4二羟苯乙酸（DOPAC）的含量变化。方法将24只大鼠分为2组,其中一组采用灌胃法连续每天给予大鼠左甲状腺素钠（优甲乐,用量按大鼠体质量25μg／100g,溶于生理盐水中,体积1ml）造成实验性大鼠甲状腺激素增高状态;对照组仅采用灌胃法给予生理盐水1ml;于模型建立前后按随机数字表法抽取左甲状腺素钠组及对照组大鼠各6只,分别取尾静脉血1ml,采用放射免疫法测定TT3及,TT4水平。14d后将上述对照组及左甲状腺素钠组大鼠再各自平均分为2组,一组用于99^Tc^m-2β-[N,N’-双（2-巯乙基）乙撑二胺基]甲基-3β-（4-氯苯基）托烷（TRODAT-1）大鼠脑内分布研究,另一组用于高效液相-电化学检测器（HPLC-ECD）测纹状体DA及DOPAC含量,观察上述大鼠脑纹状体区DAT的分布及DA、DOPAC含量的变化。多组比较采用ANOVA分析,2组间比较采用均数t检验。结果左甲状腺素钠组大鼠在服用左甲状腺素钠后活动明显增加,体质量增长低于正常对照组[（223．90±8．40）与（261．60±14．20）g,t=6．98,P〈0．05]。甲状腺激素水平测定示：左甲状腺素钠组给药前后TT3,分别为（1．46±0．17）和（2．72±0．29）nmol／L（t=10．51,P〈0．0001）;TT4分别为（83．52±10．06）和（187．12±36．48）nmol／L（t=7．74,P〈0．0001）;对照组生理盐水注射前后TT3分别为（1．54±0．09）和（1．71±0．20）nmol／L（t=1．68,P〉0．05）,TT4分别为（98．38±9．77）和（88．38±6．76）nmol／L（t=1．36,P〉0．05）。99^Tc^m-TRODAT-1大鼠脑内分布（每克脑组织百分注射剂量率,％ID／g）研究示：左甲状腺素钠组纹状体为（2．80±0．25）％ID／g,明显低于正常对照组[（3．13±0．14）％ID／g,t=-3．62,P〈0．05]。经检测左甲状腺     

慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压患者核素肺通气/灌注分布异质性的初步定量研究

目的 研究核素肺通气/灌注（V/Q）SPECT显像在慢性血栓栓塞性肺动脉高压(CTEPH)分布异质性中的应用,探讨分布异质性定量指标与肺动脉压力之间的相关性。 方法 收集中国医学科学院阜外医院2018年2月至12月经右心导管及肺动脉造影确诊的CTEPH患者20例（CTEPH组）,其中男性12例、女性8例,年龄（48.75±14.07）岁;13名正常健康者作为对照组,其中男性7名、女性6名,年龄（54.46±8.56）岁。CTEPH组患者和对照组健康者均行肺V/Q SPECT显像及同床位低剂量CT扫描,CTEPH患者在一周内行超声心动检查,估测肺动脉收缩压（PASP）。通过图像重建和分析,获得肺V/Q放射性分布异质性指标LogSD_V、LogSD_Q和LogSD_VQR（SD为标准差;V、Q、VQR分别为通气、灌注的放射性计数及二者的比值）。在CT图像上采用肺CT阈值的方法自动勾画左肺、右肺和全肺的感兴趣区,并将之复制于肺灌注图像上,获得左肺、右肺和全肺的标准化摄取值（SUV）,包括SUV的峰值（SUV_peak）、最大值（SUV_max）、最小值（SUV_min）、平均值（SUV_mean）和标准差（SUV_SD）,其中SUV_SD代表肺灌注放射性分布的异质性。2组之间的比较采用t检验,分布异质性指标与PASP的相关性采用Pearson相关性分析。 结果 健康对照组的肺V/Q放射性分布曲线呈对称性单峰状分布,而CTEPH组的肺V/Q放射性分布曲线呈非对称性的多峰分布。与健康对照组相比,CTEPH组的LogSD_V、LogSD_VRQ、全肺灌注的SUV_peak、SUV_max、SUV_SD均明显升高,且差异均有统计学意义（LogSD_V:0.56±0.16对0.31±0.11,t=4.91,P=0.000;LogSD_VQR:0.61±0.15对0.40±0.14,t=3.89,P=0.001;SUV_peak:19.12±7.94对10.81±4.05,t=3.48,P=0.002;SUV_max:20.19±8.30对11.44±4.33,t=3.49,P=0.001;SUV_SD:3.54±1.44 对2.42±0.91,t=2.50,P=0.018）;而2组的LogSD_Q、SUV_mean和SUV_min 的差异均无统计学意义。CTEPH组的PASP为（72.80±0.15） mmHg,LogSD_VQR与PASP呈中等程度相关（R=0.544,P=0.013）。 结论 核素肺V/Q显像可定量评估CTEPH患者肺V/Q放射性分布的异质性,同时可反映CTEPH患者肺动脉压力的状态。     

^99Tc^m—TRODAT-1脑SPECT用于体质指数与纹状体多巴胺转运蛋白相互关系的研究

目的 探讨BMI与人脑纹状体DAT的相互关系及对99Tcm-TRODAT-1脑SPECT显像的影响.方法 31名健康志愿者（男16名,女15名）分别进行颅脑MRI和99Tcm-TRODAT-1脑SPECT显像.对SPECT图像进行三维重建,参照MRI图像,在SPECT图像横断面纹状体（ST）显示最清楚的连续4层图像上对脑左、右ST（LST、RST）分别进行ROI勾画,取小脑（CB）作为本底参考区,分别计算ST/CB、LST/CB和RST/CB的放射性摄取比值.采用SPSS 15.0软件,分别对ST/CB、LST/CB、RST/CB与BMI、年龄进行Pearson相关性分析;然后以BMI、年龄为自变量,ST/CB为因变量进行多因素回归分析.结果 31名健康志愿者99Tcm-TRODAT-1脑SPECT显像示双侧ST左右对称,放射性前部高于后部.其ST/CB、LST/CB和RST/CB的平均值分别为1.71±0.16,1.70±0.16和1.72±0.17;女性ST/CB、LST/CB和RST/CB的平均值分别为1.74±0.18,1.71±0.19和1.76±0.19;男性ST/CB、LST/CB和RST/CB的平均值分别为1.68±0.14,1.68±0.13和1.69±0.15.ST/CB、LST/CB和RST/CB与BMI均呈负相关（r=-0.53,-0.57,-0.47,P均＜0.05）.ST/CB与年龄呈负相关（r=-0.39,P=0.03）.多因素回归分析发现仅BMI为显著影响因素（回归系数β=-0.53,t=-3.36,P=0.002）.结论 健康人脑ST DAT水平随着BMI、年龄的增高而呈降低趋势.女性STDAT水平略高于男性.提示在99Tcm-TRODAT-1脑SPECT显像中,不但要考虑年龄、性别等影响因素,而且要注意BMI也是重要影响因素.     

显像剂注射渗漏对心肌灌注断层显像图像质量的影响

目的探讨显像剂注射渗漏对心肌灌注断层显像图像质量的影响。方法对2106例（4212人次）^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈（MIBI）一日法负荷-静息心肌灌注断层显像的患者进行回顾性计算机重建处理;以2次显像中1次发生注射侧腋下淋巴结显影者25例（25人次）为渗漏组,其中20例心肌灌注显像阴性者（含冠状动脉造影阴性者5例）作为研究对象;另选择心肌灌注显像及冠状动脉造影均为阴性者32例（64人次）为对照组。统计学处理采用SPSS12．0软件,所有计量数据比较行t检验,计数数据行,检验。结果（1）渗漏组25人次,占总检查人次的0．59％。（2）渗漏组腋下显影淋巴结和对照组腋下对称软组织的放射性计数分别为144．41±45．45和78．36±34．42（t=5．983,P〈0．001）。（3）渗漏组与对照组左心室侧壁心肌放射性计数分别为765．21±275．83和1483．02±1180．21（t=-4489,P〈0．001）。左心室间隔放射性计数分别为702．05±297．76和1220．30±624．55（t=-5．051,P〈0．001）。左心室放射性计数分别为139．38±55．74和225．54±77．02（t=-5．471,P〈0．001）。左心室侧壁外正常肺组织放射性计数分别为106．10±61．14和162．95±106．05（t=-2．276,P=0．025）。（4）图像质量好、中、差定性评片,2组比较差异有统计学意义（χ^2=12．517,P〈0．001）。结论显像剂注射渗漏可致心肌摄取放射性减少,心肌放射性计数降低,放射性统计涨落增大,从而致图像质量下降,影响结果判断。     

不同显像时间窗对11C-CFT PET/CT显像测多巴胺转运蛋白分布半定量值的影响

目的 通过11C-甲基-N-2β-甲基酯-3β-(4-氟苯基)托烷(CFT) PET/CT显像,观察不同显像时间窗基底节区DAT分布的半定量值,寻找最佳显像时间窗并分析不同年龄和性别间的DAT分布差异.方法 将31名[男20名,女11名,平均年龄(55.7±2.3)岁]知情同意的健康受试者按随机区组法分为年龄匹配的3组,分别在注射11 C-CFT后40～60 min、60～ 80 min和80～100 min进行PET/CT静态显像,计算机自动勾画ROI,获得不同显像时间窗内尾状核及壳核DAT分布的半定量值(尾状核或壳核放射性计数/顶枕叶放射性计数-1),使用单因素方差分析及最小显著差异t检验对不同脑区半定量值进行比较.采用两独立样本t检验比较不同年龄(≥60岁和＜60岁)和性别患者最佳显像时间窗内尾状核及壳核半定量值的差异.结果 左侧尾状核(2.08±0.06、1.75±0.07和1.77±0.12)、右侧壳核前部(2.33±0.06、1.95±0.09和2.08±0.12)、双侧壳核后部(左:1.88±0.06、1.55±0.88和1.72±0.09,右:1.98±0.07、1.61±0.09和1.69±0.12)的DAT分布半定量值在3个时间窗内的差异具有统计学意义(F=3.588、3.345、4.479和3.557,均P＜0.05).其中,40 ～ 60 min显像与60～80 min相比,左侧尾状核、右侧壳核前部、双侧壳核后部半定量值差异具有统计学意义(均P＜0.05);与80～100 min相比,左侧尾状核半定量值差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).而60～ 80 min与80～ 100 min显像差异均不具有统计学意义(均P＞0.05).＜60岁的健康人尾状核、壳核DAT分布半定量值高于≥60岁者(t值分别为-3.260、-3.090、-3.270、-3.190、-2.270及-3.110,均P＜0.05);不同性别尾状核及壳核DAT分布差异均无统计学意义(t值分别为0.367、0.522、0.144、0.524、0.166及0.004,均P＞0.05).结论 脑内11C-CFT在注射后60 min达到稳定,11 C-CFT PET/CT显像检测DAT分布的最佳显像时间窗为注射后60～80 min;≥60岁和＜60岁健康人的DAT分布有差异.显像时间窗的统一和不同年龄段的半定量正常值的建立,有助于11C-CFT PET/CT显像在PD诊断方面的临床应用.     

新生猪缺氧缺血性脑损伤模型纹状体多巴胺转运蛋白PET/CT显像

目的 利用PET/CT观察新生猪缺氧缺血(HI)性脑损伤纹状体(ST) DAT的变化,探讨DAT在判断HI性脑损伤程度中的价值.方法 制备新生猪HI脑损伤模型(n=20),为模型组;另取5头新生猪作为对照组.予猪颈静脉注射11C-N-2β-甲基酯-3β-(4-氟-苯基)托烷(CFT) 55.5 ～74.0 MBq/只,行PET/CT显像,观察新生猪的DAT变化,计算ST/枕叶(OC)比值.模型组按显像时间分为HI后0～6h、20 ～24 h、44 ～48 h、68～72 h显像亚组,显像完毕即刻处死各组猪,取大脑行病理分析.采用单因素方差分析和Pearson直线相关分析行数据比较.结果 11C-CFT在大脑皮质、小脑及ST放射性分布较高,脑白质放射性分布较低.随着时间延长,大脑皮质、小脑放射性明显减低,而ST显示仍清晰.HI后0～6h,ST DAT功能上调,ST/OC比值为1.34±0.04,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(1.18 ±0.06,F=4.658,P＜0.05),其余时间组ST/OC比值分别为1.27±0.01、1.27±0.10和1.18±0.05.HI后各时间点病理示DAT免疫阳性神经元数量[(13±3)、(13±4)、(8±3)和(4±4)个/高倍视野]与11C-CFT PET示ST/OC比值呈正相关(r=0.844,P＜0.05).结论 11C-CFTPET/CT能够准确反映HI性脑损伤ST DAT的动态变化,且DAT的变化与缺血损伤的程度有关.     

Dopamine transporter concentration is reduced in asymptomatic Machado-Joseph disease gene carriers.

Dopamine transporter (DAT) binding is decreased in Machado-Joseph disease (MJD) patients. To further investigate the DAT activity in asymptomatic MJD (aMJD) gene carriers, we performed this prospective study using (99m)Tc-TRODAT-1 ([(99m)Tc][2[[2-[[[3-(4-chlorophenyl)-8-methyl-8-azabicyclo[3,2,1]oct-2-yl]-methyl](2-mercaptoethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]ethane-thiolato(3-)-N2,N2',S2,S2]oxo-[1R-(exo-exo)])) brain SPECT on 5 aMJD gene carriers, 10 age-matched MJD patients, and 10 age-matched healthy control subjects. METHODS: Brain SPECT images were acquired 4 h after intravenous injection of 925 MBq (25 mCi) (99m)Tc-T RODAT-1, which is known to bind specifically to the DAT on the nigrostriatal terminals. By fusing these SPECT images with a striatal atlas, obtained from MRI, binding of this tracer in the entire striatum was measured and the uptake values in bilateral striatal areas were compared between these 3 groups. RESULTS: The uptake values of the aMJD gene carriers (P < 0.001) and MJD patients (P < 0.001) displayed a significant reduction compared with those of the control subjects. The reduction was more severe in the MJD patient group (P < 0.05). Bilateral putamen-to-caudate ratios were significantly lower in the aMJD gene carrier and MJD patient groups (P < 0.001). The dopamine neuronal activity, as represented by the tracer binding, was more prominently affected in the putamen in these patients and gene carriers. CONCLUSION: (99m)Tc-TRODAT-1 brain SPECT is capable of detecting early alteration of dopamine neurons in the striatal region. Significantly, the results suggest that this impairment of presynaptic dopamine function actually occurs at an early stage, which was previously unrecognized in these aMJD gene carriers.     

Clinical testing of an optimized software solution for an automated, observer-independent evaluation of dopamine transporter SPECT studies.

A lack of standardized evaluation procedures for dopamine transporter (DAT) SPECT investigations impairs both intra- and interindividual comparisons as well as multicenter trials-for example, for assessment of disease progression or the response to various drug treatments. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate a novel automated method, which has been specifically developed for a standardized quantification of N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2beta-carbomethoxy-3beta-(4-iodophenyl)nortropane (123I-FP-CIT) SPECT studies. METHODS: DAT binding ratios of 155 (123)I-FP-CIT SPECT studies in 14 control subjects and 141 patients referred to confirm or exclude a presynaptic dopaminergic deficit were determined manually and by a fully automated technique. The latter included coregistration of patient studies to an 123I-FP-CIT mean template of controls with specialized, nonrigid adjustment for variation in striatal location, followed by calculation of specific striatal DAT binding using a standardized 3-dimensional volume-of-interest (VOI) map. The map is based on a MR scan and covers the striatum (S), caudate (C), putamen (P), and an occipital reference region. The semiquantitative ratios of both methods were compared with the visual findings. RESULTS: Excellent linear correlations were observed between manually and automatically determined results (S: r = 0.99; C: r = 0.99; P: r = 0.99; P < 0.001, respectively). Automated evaluations delivered highly reproducible and visually exact coregistrations. Individual variations in striatal anatomy (e.g., atrophy) were considered and VOI positions were corrected before quantification. Both the manual and the automated method showed identical accuracy in supporting the visual diagnoses. CONCLUSION: In a large patient population, excellent agreement was observed between quantitative DAT results using a time-consuming, observer-dependent, conventional manual method and the objective, automated evaluation specifically developed for a standardized evaluation of 123I-FP-CIT SPECT studies. It is suggested that the novel automated technique may substantially facilitate both intra- and interindividual comparisons as well as multicenter trials.     

脑SPECT显像对高压氧治疗脑外伤后脑缺血疗效判断的价值

目的探讨SPECT脑血流灌注显像对高压氧（HBO）治疗脑外伤继发脑缺血患者疗效判断的价值。方法将65例脑外伤继发脑缺血患者按随机数字表法分为HBO治疗组和常规治疗组,在治疗前后分别进行脑血流灌注SPECT显像,应用计算机感兴趣区（ROI）技术,在横断面图像上采用局部镜像比值（Ra）法判断脑缺血病灶,Ra≤0．9视为异常。对治疗前后的脑血流灌注减低区Ra值进行比较。数据间的比较行t检验。结果HBO治疗组治疗前后局部脑血流（rCBF）减低区Ra值分别为0．58±0．11和0．82±0．12（t=7．327,P〈0．01）,常规治疗组治疗前后rCBF减低区Ra值分别为0．61±0．13和0．73±0．12（t=2．153,P=0．038）;HBO治疗组和常规治疗组缺血灶rCBF增加值分别为0．24±0．08和0．12±0．06（t=2．571,P=0．015）。结论SPECT脑血流灌注显像可灵敏地反映HBO治疗脑外伤后脑缺血前后rCBF变化,可用于HBO治疗疗效的评价。     

Longitudinal evaluation of early dementia of Alzheimer type using brain perfusion SPECT

Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) measurements using a Patlak plot method of 99mTc-ECD were performed in early dementia of Alzheimer type (DAT) with both HDS-R and MMSE of over 20 to investigate initial abnormality and longitudinal changes of rCBF. A fusion technique of MRI and SPECT images was developed for MRI-guided analysis of regions of interest in hippocampal areas and statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was used for automated and objective approach to analysis of SPECT image data. Seventeen patients with clinically diagnosed early DAT and age-matched 32 normal control subjects were studied. At the first SPECT studies, the mean cerebral blood flow (mCBF) of 38.6 +/- 4.7 ml/100 g/min (mean +/- SD) for early DAT did not show significant reduction as compared with the normal control value of 42.0 +/- 3.8, whereas the rCBF values in the bilateral hippocampi (right; 26.8 +/- 4.7, left; 26.7 +/- 5.2) showed significant reduction (p < 0.05) as compared with the normal control values (right; 38.3 +/- 4.2, left; 38.4 +/- 3.8). The SPM analysis (voxel height; p < 0.001, Bonferroni correction; p < 0.05) of the first SPECT images revealed significant selective decrease of relative rCBF in the bilateral posterior cingulate gyri. At the second SPECT studies after 1.4 year on the average from the first studies, mCBF for early DAT showed a slight decrease by 1.7 +/- 3.8 ml/100 g/min/year. Bilateral hippocampi showed a greater decrease with slight left-side dominance by 3.8 +/- 3.3 on the right and 4.4 +/- 3.2 on the left side. The SPM analysis demonstrated significant decrease of relative rCBF in the basal fore-brain area, the left hippocampus, the left amygdala, and the left parahippocampal area. These results suggest that the MRI-guided ROI analysis of rCBF values in the hippocampus and the SPM analysis of SPECT images are quite useful for early diagnosis and follow-up of DAT.     

Evaluating dopamine transporter activity with 99mTc-TRODAT-1 SPECT in drug-naive Tourette's adults

OBJECTIVES: Findings on imaging of dopamine transporter (DAT) activity in patients with Tourette's syndrome remain inconclusive. The present study was carried out to observe DAT activity in patients with well-controlled Tourette's syndrome by using (99m)Tc-TRODAT-1 single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT). METHODS: Six drug-naive patients with Tourette's syndrome (mean age+/-SD, 21.2+/-1.5 years) were recruited. All met the criteria for Tourette's syndrome established in the DSM-IV. Seventeen age-matched and sex-matched healthy subjects served as the controls. Brain SPECT were acquired 165-195 min after administrating 740 MBq of (99m)Tc-TRODAT-1, using a double-headed camera equipped with ultra-high-resolution fan-beam collimators. The specific uptake ratio was calculated by subtracting the mean counts per pixel in the occipital cortex from the mean counts per pixel in the striatum, putamen or caudate nucleus and by dividing the result by the mean counts per pixel in the occipital cortex. Tic-severity scores were also measured and correlated with the specific uptake ratios. RESULTS: No significant difference in DAT activity between patients with Tourette's syndrome and control subjects was found in the striatum and its sub-regions. Tic-severity scores were also not correlated with specific uptake ratios measured from the striatum and its sub-regions. CONCLUSIONS: In conjunction with previous findings, our results suggested that functional abnormality of the dopamine system in patients with Tourette's syndrome might be evident only in its early stage. Adaptation to tic symptoms might play a role in regulating the neural system.     

Striatal dopamine transporter imaging correlates with anxiety and depression symptoms in Parkinson's disease.

We studied the correlation of striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging with anxiety and depression symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). METHODS: Patients with idiopathic PD (n = 76) and age-matched healthy volunteers (n = 46) underwent SPECT brain scans with (99m)Tc-TRODAT-1, a radiolabeled tropane that selectively binds to the DAT. TRODAT-1 distribution volume ratios, a reflection of DAT availability, were calculated from the SPECT scan data for 6 regions of interest (ROIs) in the caudate and putamen. The association between neuropsychiatric symptoms (anxiety, depression, and fatigue) and DAT availability was explored for both subject groups, and the impact of disease severity on this association was examined in the PD group. RESULTS: PD patients showed lower DAT availability than did healthy volunteers in all examined regions (for all ROIs, P < 0.001). In PD patients, higher individual affective measures (for anxiety, r = -0.30 and P = 0.01; and for depression, r = -0.24 and P = 0.05) and total affect scores (r = -0.31; P = 0.01) were associated with diminished left anterior putamen DAT availability. The association between total affect scores and DAT availability was present only in the subset of patients with less severe PD (r = -0.35; P = 0.04), but subjects with the highest DAT availability did not show high total affect scores. No association between neuropsychiatric measures and DAT availability was found in the controls. CONCLUSION: These preliminary findings suggest that decreased DAT availability may be necessary for but not invariably associated with the development of affective symptoms in PD. This suggestion is consistent with previous research showing a link between depression and basal ganglia impairment, particularly involving the left hemisphere, and extends this finding to include anxiety.