基于不同机械活化方式的二元固废混凝土抗压性能研究

为了改善二元固废混凝土的抗压性能,基于不同机械活化方式研究了铁尾矿-粉煤灰复合掺合料对二元固废混凝土抗压性能的影响,并采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜和热重分析等检测手段探究了铁尾矿-粉煤灰复合掺合料混凝土抗压强度增强的水化机理。当采用先掺后磨的机械活化方式时,铁尾矿-粉煤灰复合掺合料的混凝土抗压强度增强效果最明显,28 d龄期可达70.6 MPa。不同机械活化方式导致水化产物结构不同,同时改变了掺合料参与二次水化反应的程度;采用先掺后磨的机械活化方式,能促进水泥熟料的进一步水化,消耗更多Ca(OH)2参与二次水化反应,生成更多更致密的网状C—S—H凝胶。从混凝土抗压强度及混凝土胶凝材料的水化硬化机理来看,采用先掺后磨的机械活化方式活化效果更优,利于二元固废混凝土的强度发展。     

铁尾矿—磷渣—脱硫灰三元固废混凝土抗压性能研究

为实现铁尾矿固废材料的再生利用,提高工业固废利用率,以铁尾矿、磷渣、脱硫灰作为掺合料部分代替水泥制备混凝土,研究三元体系下钙相固废与铁尾矿协同作用对混凝土抗压强度的影响,测试不同水胶比、铁尾矿研磨时间、掺合料掺量及掺合料比例对混凝土抗压强度的影响。结果表明,混凝土抗压强度与水胶比呈正相关关系,机械研磨提高了铁尾矿的比表面积,有利于铁尾矿表面与自由水发生水化反应,30%掺量混凝土后期抗压强度较20%掺量下降不大,在铁尾矿比表面积为1 589.3 m²/kg,铁尾矿、磷渣、脱硫灰分别占胶凝材料的6%、16%、8%时制备的混凝土抗压强度最高,28 d抗压强度达到40.9 MPa。通过采用压汞法（MIP）和背散射电子成像技术（BSE）研究了混凝土的微观结构,结果表明,掺合料的掺入优化了混凝土的孔隙结构,促进了界面过渡区的发展。铁尾矿、磷渣、脱硫灰三元体系在30%掺量下对混凝土强度影响较小,可代替水泥制备混凝土。     

含粉煤灰或铁尾矿粉复合胶凝材料性能研究

为了验证矿物掺和料在复合胶凝材料水化硬化过程中的作用效应,实验用与水泥细度相近的粉煤灰和铁尾矿粉作为活性和惰性矿物掺合料,研究了相同养护温度、不同水胶比条件下,矿物掺合料掺量和种类对胶砂块试件抗压强度以及7 d龄期混凝土自收缩发展规律。结果表明：在水化初期,粉煤灰和铁尾矿粉在复合胶凝材料水化中起到物理填充作用,随龄期延长,粉煤灰的火山灰效应才逐渐显现。水化初期,矿物掺合料的物理因素（颗粒形貌等）对胶砂块抗压强度影响超过化学因素（反应程度等）,同时活性与惰性掺和料的作用基本相同;粉煤灰和铁尾矿粉的自收缩规律基本相同,均随着掺量增大呈线性递减特性。     

铁尾矿粉-硅粉矿物掺合料对混凝土性能的影响

将研磨后的铁尾矿粉末和硅粉分别按照3∶2和4∶1的比例制备了两种复合矿物掺合料替代水泥进行浆体和混凝土试样的制备。通过微观结构分析、强度和耐久性分析对铁尾矿-硅粉复合矿物掺合料浆体和混凝土的基本性能进行了研究,结果表明：随着复合矿物掺合料掺量的增加,试样的水化反应放热量、抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和冻融耐久性均逐渐降低;且加入铁尾矿粉可使的硬化浆体试块孔隙结构变大,导致混凝土的抗压强度和冻融耐久性降低;但增加硅粉的掺量可以提高试样的水化反应强度,降低Ca(OH)₂的含量,且硅粉水化反应生产的C-S-H凝胶也可以细化孔结构,从而改善混凝土的微观特性、抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和冻融耐久性;弥补铁尾矿粉对混凝土性能的负面影响。整体上,改性混凝土的抗压强度在普通混凝土抗压强的85%以上,能满足工程要求。     

粉煤灰掺量对煤矸石骨料混凝土性能影响研究

为探讨粉煤灰作为矿物掺合料对煤矸石骨料混凝土性能的影响,在制备煤矸石骨料混凝土试件时,掺入0%、15%、25%、35%、50%的粉煤灰来取代等量的水泥,进行抗压强度、碳化性能及干燥收缩性能试验研究。结果表明,煤矸石混凝土的抗压强度随粉煤灰掺量的增加而有所降低,且均低于未掺粉煤灰时的混凝土抗压强度,但当掺量为15%时,煤矸石混凝土的90 d抗压强度超过同龄期未掺粉煤灰时的混凝土强度;当粉煤灰掺量不超过35%时,对煤矸石混凝土的碳化性能影响不大,粉煤灰掺量达到50%时,煤矸石混凝土的抗碳化能力降低明显;随粉煤灰掺量的增加,煤矸石骨料混凝土的干燥收缩性能得到改善,50%粉煤灰掺量时干燥收缩率最小。试验表明,适量掺入粉煤灰能改善煤矸石骨料混凝土的后期强度及干燥收缩性能,且对碳化性能影响不大,这为煤矸石骨料混凝土掺粉煤灰的应用提供了试验依据。     

极细铁尾矿粉作为矿物掺合料制备高性能混凝土的研究

为研究细铁尾矿粉掺量对高强混凝土材料孔隙结构及力学性能的影响规律,利用核磁共振检测装置及电液伺服压力机测量了细铁尾矿粉掺量为0%、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%、30%试件细观孔隙结构、孔隙率以及力学性能,分析了细铁尾矿粉掺量对试件孔隙率及抗拉、抗压强度的影响规律。结果表明:(1)细铁尾矿粉高强混凝土材料试件T₂图谱曲线均呈三峰形,随着细铁尾矿粉掺量增加,试件孔隙率从掺量0%时的2.81%降至掺量为30%时的2.10%,试件孔隙率不断降低,前期试件孔隙率降幅更加显著;(2)试件内部孔隙结构以微孔与中孔占比为主,随着细铁尾矿粉掺量增加,试件微孔占比不断增大,中孔、大孔及裂隙占比均降低,细铁尾矿粉的掺入使混凝土内部结构得到优化;(3)铁尾矿粉掺量为20%时对试件抗压、抗拉强度提升效果较好,过量掺入反而会使试件力学性能降低。     

胶结剂对全尾砂固结材料孔隙结构的影响

通过掺入一定比例粉煤灰和矿渣代替水泥,用AutoPoreⅣ9500型全自动压汞测孔仪测量不同胶结剂、不同龄期的全尾砂固结材料孔结构,表征胶结剂的胶结性能。结果表明,15%掺量的矿渣的孔结构参数比15%掺量的粉煤灰的孔结构参数更优。水泥、矿渣、粉煤灰三者水化活性活依次降低。随着养护龄期的增加,三种全尾砂试块的孔隙率、平均孔径、孔隙量均减小,分形维数、孔总面积均增大,抗压强度增加。工业试验验证,掺入一定量矿渣与粉煤灰的胶凝剂对水泥的可替代性,且具有成本优势。     

磨细钢渣掺量对水泥和混凝土性能的影响

通过测定掺加磨细钢渣矿粉的水泥标准稠度需水量、凝结时间、水泥净浆流动度以及硬化水泥的化学结合水量,研究磨细钢渣矿粉对混凝土抗压强度、抗渗性、抗冻性、抗碳化以及孔结构的影响.结果表明,磨细钢渣在不同程度上延缓了水泥的水化,从而导致凝结时间的延长.磨细钢渣具有令人满意的减水效果且与混凝土减水剂有较好的适应性.适量磨细钢渣掺入混凝土中对混凝土抗压强度以及耐久性能影响不大,将磨细钢渣与磨细粉煤灰或矿渣混掺可以发挥复合效应,提高掺合料的活性,改善混凝土的性能.     

改性铁尾矿微粉对中高强混凝土性能的影响研究

将不同掺量的改性铁尾矿微粉完全替代粉煤灰做矿物掺合料制备C50混凝土，并设置与铁尾矿微粉等掺量的粉煤灰组为对照，研究改性铁尾矿微粉对中高强混凝土抗压强度、工作性能和耐久性能的影响。结果表明：改性铁尾矿微粉混凝土具有较好的工作性能；抗压强度随改性铁尾矿微粉掺量的增加而降低，各组较对应的粉煤灰对照组强度略低，相差范围在3.7～4.6 MPa内，在改性铁尾矿微粉的掺量为矿物掺合料总量的30%～60%时，均满足C50混凝土的抗压强度要求。在改性铁尾矿微粉的掺量为矿物掺合料总量的40%～60%时，抗碳化性能随改性铁尾矿粉掺量的增加先增强后减弱，与粉煤灰对照组基本持平；抗渗透性能随铁尾矿粉掺量增加而减弱，但抗渗等级均能与粉煤灰对照组一致，为“非常低”;抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能、抗冻性能均随改性铁尾矿粉掺量增加而增强，抗硫酸盐等级可以达到KS180,抗冻等级均可达到F300,且均优于粉煤灰对照组。综合看来，改性铁尾矿微粉在其掺量为矿物掺合料总量的40%～60%时可替代粉煤灰应用于中高强混凝土中。     

煤矸石混凝土抗氯离子渗透实验研究

为了解煤矸石混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能,以自燃煤矸石为粗、细集料,42.5普通硅酸盐水泥为胶凝材料并掺入粉煤灰,制备煤矸石混凝土试件,进行抗氯离子渗透实验,研究了水胶比、粉煤灰掺量以及抗压强度对煤矸石混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响。结果表明：非稳态条件下煤矸石混凝土氯离子渗透深度随水胶比增加而加深,呈正相关,氯离子渗透深度增长速度在水胶比0.42~0.48时较快,在水胶比0.48~0.56时缓慢;氯离子迁移系数与水胶比呈正相关,与粉煤灰掺量呈负相关;氯离子迁移系数随抗压强度增大而减小,呈负相关,负相关显著性强弱表现为粉煤灰掺量0%<粉煤灰掺量20%<粉煤灰掺量40%。掺入粉煤灰可以改善煤矸石混凝土耐久性能。     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent materialindustry(continued)

<正>Developing ecological lighting source The world is facing the big problem of energy shortage today and the contradiction between economy development and environmental protection is worsened.Therefore,people are more likely to choose an ecological light source that is more energy efficient and environmental friendly.The choice provides great opportunity for the development of rare earth optical material industry in China.The concept of green lighting positions rare earth luminescent material as a leading player in illumination market.The light source of both rare earth luminescent lamp and LED lamp is ecological and energy saving.This is why     

Galaxy Magnets achieved the net profit of 34.02 million yuan in the first six months of 2014

正Galaxy Magnet announced its financial results for the first half of 2014 on August 14.For the first six months ended on 30 June 2014,Galaxy Magnet achieved operation income of RMB 182.3 million,up8.40% over the same period of 2013,and the net profit attributable to the shareholders of the listed company of 34.02 million yuan,increasing 35.49% over the same period of last year.Stable performance increase was led by development of new customers and application market of magnets.     

Rare Earth Application in Steel in China

<正>China has rich rare earth resources.Output of rare earth and steel in China ranks the top first in the world.However,there is still certain distance between the steel produced in China and developed countries from the point of varieties and quality.China still has to import some types of steel.Improving the quality should be emphasiZed in future development of steel industry in China.Rare earth can be used to upgrade traditional steel     

China rare earth market review

正November 21~30,2014Due to weak demand from downstream industries,transactions of rare earth in Chinese domestic market were inactive.It was difficult to sell any rare earth products except for dysprosium oxide and terbium oxide.Suppliers lost confidence in recent market.Demand for rare earth products was soft.Consumers continued to take a wait-and-see attitude.Rare earth export market remained slow.     

稀散金属产业的观察与思考

分析了近年来国内外稀散金属产业的生产、应用、资源与市场状况.铟锡氧化物靶材、砷化镓晶片、锗红外材料、铼高温合金和硒在电解锰及玻璃的应用等已成为稀散金属的主要应用领域.稀散金属的产量快速增长达到历史高位而导致了市场的失衡.以GaInP_2/GaAs/Ge,CIGS和CdTe为代表的非硅系太阳能电池是稀散金属的新兴应用领域,将给稀散金属带来日益增长的需求.     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent material industry

<正>Rare earth luminescent material is one of the most important application sectors of rare earths.China enjoys the exceptional advantage to develop rare earth luminescent material for its abundant rare earth resources.After several decades'endeavor,China's rare earth luminescent material industry,headed by rare earth phosphor for lamp and LED and high efficient rare earth energy-saving light source,has been gradually developed into a scale industry.China has become a major production base of rare earth phosphor for lamps and rare earth     

China rare earth market review

正June 1~10,2014Rare earth market remained weak.Quoted price of rare earth products was similar to that in May.There was no sign of recovery in downstream market.The market of NdFeB magnetic materials and phosphor was depressed.Catalyst,polishing powder and ceramic industries remained inactive.Demand from downstream industry was soft.Consumers purchased on their needs.Suppliers had strong intention to sell.Prices of rare earth products     

Annual Report analysis of Chinese rare earth-related listed companies in 2013

<正>Chinese rare earth-related listed companies have published their 2013 annual reports.It can be understood from their reports that production and operation activities of Chinese rare earth-related companies were still heavily affected by macro economy and industrial policies.They basically followed the steps of national economy.In 2013,world economy recovered slowly but the economy     

Market opportunities and challenges for rare earth polishing powder

正1.Status of rare earth polishing powder Rare earth polishing powder with high content of cerium oxide began to replace iron oxide for glass polishing and became one of the key materials in glass polishing process since 1940.Compared with traditional iron oxide,rare earth polishing powder has many advantages,such as fast polishing rate,high polishing quality and long service life.It can achieve good surface quality and improve operation conditions.For example,in lens polishing,the polishing work that cerium     

Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths developed a new RE alloy preparation technology

正Pyrometallurgy Laboratory of Baotou Research Institute of Rare Earths had independently developed a new preparation technology of rare earth alloy for NdFeB.The alloy can remarkably enhance the coercivity of NdFeB magnet but also evidently reduce the production cost of the magnet.The new master alloy was prepared in the kA pilot-scale electrolytic cell by the independent technology.The rare earth master alloy can be used as the raw material for NdFeB.Compared