叶顶微射流对小型高负荷离心压气机性能及流场结构的影响

以某小型高速离心压气机为研究对象,采用数值方法研究了微射流对压气机性能和叶轮叶顶流场结构的影响。研究结果表明：射流为1%设计流量时,失速裕度能够提高3.12%,稳定工作范围拓宽28.17%;在设计点,原型离心压气机叶顶来流马赫数达1.8以上,叶顶存在复杂激波/间隙泄漏流干扰,工作稳定性较差,微射流改变了“λ”状的激波结构,使前缘激波的强度减弱,后掠角度减小,并且降低了叶顶的负荷水平;微射流能够抑制间隙泄漏流的周向运动,并削弱激波/间隙泄漏流之间的相互作用,间隙泄漏涡不易发生破裂、溃散,极大增强了压气机工作的稳定性。     

叶顶间隙对跨音速离心压气机气动性能影响分析

基于控制变量法对某跨音速离心压气机进行数值模拟,研究了叶轮尾缘叶间隙改变对其气动性能的影响。仅改变该离心叶轮的尾缘叶顶间隙,在设计转速下进行全三维黏性数值模拟,对相关气动参数进行分析。计算结果表明,相较于小流量工况,尾缘叶顶间隙的改变对离心压气机大流量工况的气动性能影响更大;在设计流量下,离心叶轮的压比、效率与叶轮尾缘出口间隙大小之间具有一定的线性关系,随着叶尖间隙增大,叶轮叶尖泄漏流的强度明显增强,导致叶轮的增压能力下降。     

低转速离心叶轮自循环机匣处理扩稳机理研究

为了探索自循环机匣处理扩稳机理,利用全三维数值模拟方法对应用机匣处理的LSCC(低速离心叶轮)进行了详细研究.结果表明:自循环机匣处理能有效的延迟失速的发生并在近失速区域略微提高压气机的效率以及总压比.该机匣处理能有效地减小叶顶载荷,从而降低泄漏流相对速度,抑制间隙泄漏涡在叶顶通道内的发展以减小低速气流在流道内的阻塞,提高转子通道的通流能力,从而达到扩大稳定工作范围的目的,综合稳定裕度改进量为12.57％.     

间隙变化对轴流压气机转子近失速工况叶顶流场的影响研究

为研究间隙变化对轴流压气机转子近失速工况下叶顶流场结构的影响,以轴流压气机转子Rotor37为研究对象,对其叶顶流场进行定常和非定常的数值模拟。计算结果表明：随着叶顶间隙的减小,压气机的总压比和等熵效率均有所提高,稳定运行范围扩大;2倍设计间隙下,叶尖泄漏涡经激波作用后发生膨胀破碎,堵塞来流通道,诱发压气机堵塞失速;0.5倍设计间隙下,吸力面流动分离加剧,发生回流,部分回流与来流在压力面前缘上游发生干涉,进口堵塞加剧,致使部分来流从前缘溢出,导致压气机叶尖失速;不同间隙下压气机失速过程的主导因素不同,大间隙下失速由叶尖泄漏涡破碎的非定常波动引起,小间隙下失速主要由流动分离引发的周期性前缘溢流所主导。     

叶顶开槽——小翼结构对提升轴流风机性能影响的数值研究

为了有效抑制叶顶泄漏流的发展,降低叶顶泄漏损失,针对两级动叶可调轴流风机提出在吸力面构造叶顶小翼并开设斜槽的新型叶顶改型方案。采用Fluent数值模拟了5种叶顶改型方案对风机性能和流场特征的影响,分析了不同方案下流场、叶顶静压、叶顶泄漏量和动叶区做功能力的变化。结果表明：吸力面小翼可有效降低叶顶损失,小翼上开设顺流向斜槽可进一步提高风机性能,逆流向斜槽会使性能略有降低;顺流向单斜槽为最佳改型方案,在设计流量下全压和效率分别提升166 Pa和0.942%;叶顶间隙处产生额外的涡流,叶顶泄漏流得到抑制,动叶区做功能力得以提升。     

高速径流式涡轮叶顶间隙流动研究

针对高速径流式涡轮,利用NUMECA软件建立计算模型进行雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程(RANS)计算,采用Spalart-Allmaras湍流模型,分析了不同叶顶间隙对叶轮气动性能、间隙区域温度场、泄漏涡流及涡轮级性能的影响.结果表明:减小叶顶间隙会出现新的流动特性—逆流现象,表现为叶顶间隙通道内流体流动方向与压力梯度方向相反,即由叶片吸力面侧指向压力面侧,这一新流动特性极大地改变了间隙区域温度场;大间隙造成的气动损失不可忽视,减小叶顶间隙可抑制泄漏涡流强度,提高涡轮效率,从而改善涡轮性能.     

周向弯曲方向对NACA65翼型轴流叶轮叶顶间隙流动影响

本研究采用三维气动设计方法设计了具有NACA65-810翼型的直叶轮、周向前弯和周向后弯叶轮,并采用计算流体力学软件模拟其气动性能,分析了压力峰值工况和设计工况下3个叶轮叶顶泄漏流和泄漏涡的空间发展和叶顶间隙部分静压损失以及熵分布。结果表明:直叶轮引入周向前弯后,叶顶泄漏流的卷吸能力降低,泄漏涡起源位置向远离叶片前缘的方向迁移,泄漏涡涡心径向高度得到了保持,降低了叶顶泄漏涡与主流的干涉作用;引入周向后弯后,泄漏流的卷吸能力增强,泄漏涡的起源位置向靠近叶片前缘的方向迁移,远离叶片前缘的涡心径向高度显著降低,涡核下游弥散范围扩大,增强了叶顶泄漏流与主流的干涉作用,不利于降低叶顶泄漏损失。     

周向弯曲方向对弯掠叶片小流量工况下气动-声学性能的影响

对周向弯曲低压轴流风扇的气动-声学性能进行了数值模拟和试验验证,讨论了不同流量和不同周向弯曲方向对叶栅做功能力、稳定工作范围和叶顶泄漏声源特性的影响规律.结果表明:随着流量减小,周向弯曲使叶栅叶顶区域栅的气流轴向做功能力增强,周向做功能力减弱,叶片负荷减小,周向后弯的效果最明显;周向前弯曲改善了端壁附近的流动状况,是拓宽叶轮的稳定工作范围的重要因素;周向弯曲可增加叶顶泄漏涡的稳定性,减弱叶顶泄漏涡区的Powell声源强度,周向前弯效果最好.叶顶泄漏声源特性随流量变化的规律与宏观声学表现一致.     

抑制叶顶间隙泄漏的叶轮机械叶片的流场模拟

根据叶顶间隙流对叶轮机械的性能有重要影响这一特性,设计了一种叶片.该叶片顶部带有"燕尾冠",在叶顶的压力侧和吸力侧都形成"倒钩".通过对带有"燕尾冠"的叶片和一般的叶片的流场进行数值模拟,在同等条件下比较两者之间压气机的总体性能、流场特性以及叶顶间隙的泄漏量的区别,得到优化设计后的"燕尾冠"叶片能较好的保持住叶片表面的压力,削弱了叶顶间隙泄漏涡的产生和减少了通过叶顶间隙的泄漏量.数据结论为改进和提高叶轮机械的运转性能提供参考依据.     

叶顶间隙形状对Wells透平性能的影响

Wells透平对叶顶间隙的改变十分敏感,合理改造Wells透平的叶顶间隙有助于提高其能量转换效率。本文利用CFD技术在控制叶顶间隙大小相等的前提下研究了三种具有不同类型叶顶间隙形状的Wells透平,比较其出力、高效运行区和能量转化效率,考察其性能上的差异和适用范围,通过对流场和压场的分析找出其性能差异的根本原因。结果表明：渐扩型叶顶间隙的Wells透平具有较高的能量转化效率,但容易失速;均匀叶顶间隙的Wells透平具有最大的出力且高效运行区更宽;相较于前面两者,渐缩型叶顶间隙的Wells透平性能不突出。     

Use of partially shrouded impeller in a small centrifugal compressor

Numerical analysis is conducted for the 3-dimensional impeller and vaneless diffuser of a small centrifugal com- pressor. The influence of impeller tip clearance on the flow field of the impeller is investigated. Detailed investigation on the leaking flow across the tip clearance of the impeller shows that the leaking flow rate is higher near the exit of the impeller than that near the inlet of the impeller. Based on this phenomenon, a new partially shrouded impeller is designed. The impeller is shrouded near the exit of the impeller. Numerical results show that the secondary flow region becomes smaller at the exit of the impeller. Better performance is achieved than that with the unshrouded impeller.     

Numerical Simulation of Rotating Stall in a Centrifugal Compressor with Vaned Diffuser

This paper reports a numerical study on the process from normal operating conditions to rotating stall in a cen-trifugal compressor with vaned diffuser.The purpose is to better understand the flow characteristics near stallpoint under the interactions between centrifugal impeller and vaned diffuser.Numerical results show that undercertain conditions just preceding stall point the tip leakage vortex begins to fluctuate at roughly half of the bladepassing frequency.This phenomenon is similar to rotating instability in axial compressors.With the flow rate re-duced further the impeller stalls and five stall cells propagating at a frequency of 85 percent of impeller rotationspeed are found.     

Numerical investigation & comparison of a tandem-bladed turbocharger centrifugal compressor stage with conventional design

Extensive numerical investigations of the performance and flow structure in an unshrouded tandem-bladed centrifugal compressor are presented in comparison to a conventional compressor. Stage characteristics are explored for various tip clearance levels, axial spacings and circumferential clockings. Conventional impeller was modified to tandem-bladed design with no modifications in backsweep angle, meridional gas passage and camber distributions in order to have a true comparison with conventional design. Performance degradation is observed for both the conventional and tandem designs with increase in tip clearance. Linear-equation models for correlating stage characteristics with tip clearance are proposed. Comparing two designs, it is clearly evident that the conventional design shows better performance at moderate flow rates. However; near choke flow, tandem design gives better results primarily because of the increase in throat area. Surge point flow rate also seems to drop for tandem compressor resulting in increased range of operation.     

基于动态模式分解的离心压缩机动态流场分析

动静流道相互作用引起的非定常流动是离心式压缩机内流的主要特征,借助模态分解方法可以有效提取出该流场中相干结构,进而可以说明该动静干涉流场的主要特征。本文将动态模式分解(Dynamic Mode Decomposition,DMD)方法应用于带无叶扩压器通道的离心式压缩机流场分析中,通过对动静干涉速度场和压力场的模态提取和分析,直观揭示出动静流道中的流体运动特征。在设计流量工况下,叶轮出口叶顶间隙的流体流动和动静流道干涉效应影响了叶轮出口的速度参数和压力参数的分布。在叶轮和扩压器流道中分别出现了频率1 715和725Hz的湍流相干结构,两频率和叶轮通过频率有关。动静干涉流道中压力沿叶高方向动态规律相似,而速度场沿叶高方向波动规律存在一定的差异。该特征可以为压缩机流场测试提供参考。     

几何参数变化对离心压气机性能影响的仿真研究

采用离心压气机性能仿真数学模型研究某些几何参数，如叶片顶部间隙，叶轮叶片出口角变化对压气机性能产生的影响，是当今设计高压比、宽工作范围、高效离心压气机的关键步骤。为此，首先建立了离心压气机性能仿真数学模型。为了验证数学模型的有效性，对Krain叶轮性能进行了计算。随后，对不同叶片顶部间隙，不同出口叶片角的压气机性能进行仿真研究。研究结果表明，随顶部间隙的增大，压气机效率及压比下降；后弯叶轮性能优于径向叶轮。     

Study on the performance deterioration of mixed flow impeller due to change in tip clearance

Performance of mixed flow compressor with un-shrouded impeller strongly depends upon unsteady, asymmetrical flow fields in the axial directions. The flow through the mixed flow impeller is complex due to three-dimensional nature of geometry. In mixed flow impeller, there are clearances between the rotating impeller blades and the casing as the high pressure ratio compressors are usually open shrouded impellers. As a result, certain amount of reduction in the performance is unavoidable due to clearance flows. In the present investigations, numerical analysis is performed using a commercial code to investigate tip clearance effects on through flow. The perform- ance of mixed flow impeller with four different clearances between impeller and stationary shroud are evaluated and compared with experimental results. The impeller performance map was obtained for different operating speeds and mass flow rates with different tip clearances. The result shows that the tip leakage flow strongly inter- acts with mainstream and contributes to total pressure loss and performance reduction. The pressure and per- formance decrement are approximately linearly proportional to the gap between impeller and stationary shroud. The analysis showed scope for improvement in design of the compressor for better performance in terms of effi- ciency and operating range.     

Effects of Width Variation of Pressure-Side Winglet on Tip Flow Structure in a Transonic Rotor

Tip leakage flow has become one of the major triggers for rotating stall in tip region of high loading transonic compressor rotors.Comparing with active flow control method,it’s wise to use blade tip modification to enlarge the stable operating range of rotor.Therefore,three pressure-side winglets with the maximum width of 2.0,2.5 and 3.0 times of the baseline rotor,are designed and surrounded the blade tip of NASA rotor 37,and the three new rotors are named as RPW1,RPW2,and RPW3 respectively.The numerical results show that the width of pressure-side winglet has significant influence on the stall margin and the minimum throttling massflow of rotor,while it produces less effect on the choking massflow and the peak efficiency of new rotors.As the width of the pressure-side winglet increases from new rotor RPW1 to RPW3,the strength of leakage massflow has been attenuated dramatically and a reduction of 20%in leakage massflow rate has appeared in the new rotor RPW3.By contrast,the extended blade tip caused by winglet has not introduced much more aerodynamic losses in tip region of rotor,and the new rotors with different width of pressure-side winglet have the similar peak efficiency to the baseline.The new shape of the leakage channel over blade tip which replaces of the static pressure difference near blade tip has dominated the behavior of the leakage flow in tip gap.As both the new aerodynamic boundary and throat in tip gap have reshaped by the low-velocity flow near the solid wall of extended blade tip,the discharging velocity and massflow rate of leakage flow have been suppressed obviously in new rotors.In addition,the increasing inlet axial velocity at the entrance of new rotor has increased slightly as well,which is attributed to the less blockage in the tip region of new rotor.In consideration of the increased inlet axial velocity and the weakened leakage flow,the new rotor presents an appropriately linear increase of the stall margin when the width of pressure-side winglet increases,and has a nearly 15%increase in new rotor RPW3.     

Investigation of a centrifugal compressor and study of the area ratio and TIP clearance effects on performance

In this research, the centrifugal compressor of a turbocharger is investigated experimentally and numerically. Performance characteristics of the compressor were obtained experimentally by measurements of rotor speed and flow parameters at the inlet and outlet of the compressor. Three dimensional flow field in the impeller and dif- fuser was analyzed numerically using a full Navier-Stokes program with SST turbulence model. The performance characteristics of the compressor were obtained numerically, which were then compared with the experimental results. The comparison shows good agreement. Furthermore, the effect of area ratio and tip clearance on the performance parameters and flow field was stud- ied numerically. The impeller area ratio was changed by cutting the impeller exit axial width from an initial value of 4.1 mm to a final value of 5.1 mm, resulting in an area ratio from 0.792 to 0.965. For the rotor with exit axial width of 4.6 mm, performance was investigated for tip clearance of 0.0, 0.5 and 1.0 mm. Results of this simula- tion at design point showed that the compressor pressure ratio peaked at an area ratio of 0.792 while the effi- ciency peaked at a higher value of area ratio of 0.878. Also the increment of the tip clearance from 0 to 1 mm resulted in 20 percent efficiency decrease.