基于地震资料的陆相湖盆物源通道特征分析: 以渤中凹陷西斜坡东营组为例

针对渤中凹陷西斜坡无井、少井的地质特征, 基于最新的三维地震资料, 讨论了沙垒田凸起、石臼坨凸起之间的古物源搬运通道及其控制沉积的差异性.研究结果表明, 渤中凹陷西斜坡东营组发育3种类型的沉积物搬运通道: 古沟谷物源通道、断槽物源通道、构造转换带物源通道.研究区的沉积主要受到源于沙垒田凸起NEE向条带状展布的断槽物源通道控制; 古沟谷物源搬运通道控制的沉积主要分布石臼坨凸起南部的局部地区; 构造转换带物源通道控制的沉积主要分布在沙垒田凸起东南缘的局部地区.研究区发育的这3种物源搬运通道, 代表陆相湖盆物源从源区到沉积区的搬运途径, 并分别对应不同的源-渠-汇的空间耦合模式.研究区源于沙垒田凸起的断槽物源通道模式观点的提出, 改变了传统上认为沙垒田凸起东缘为近源快速堆积的扇三角洲为主的认识, 为寻找有利的储层和油气分布建立了指导模式.      

沙垒田凸起西部断裂陡坡型源－汇系统

沙垒田凸起西部发育完整的受断裂陡坡带控制的源－汇系统.基于最新的钻井、薄片资料及高分辨率三维地震资料,精细刻画沙垒田凸起西部源－汇三要素（即物源体系、搬运体系及沉积体系）,探讨要素间相关性并建立耦合模式.通过岩石学分析,物源区以混合花岗岩为主,结合古地貌恢复,划分4个三级汇水单元并定量拾取垂向高差与汇水面积参数,明确古沟谷与断槽物源通道的分布及尺度,应用地震沉积学精细刻画沙三段内部3个亚段扇三角洲沉积时空展布及演化.定量探讨源－汇各要素间的相关性,明确汇水单元面积与垂向高差是沉积扇体发育规模的主控因素,构建断裂陡坡带控制下的混合花岗岩－古沟谷或断槽与断面组合的物源通道－近源粗粒扇三角洲－浊积扇－湖泊体系耦合模式.      

沙垒田凸起古近纪源-汇系统中有利储层评价与预测

渤海湾盆地沙垒田凸起与围区凹陷形成了典型的陆相断陷湖盆源-汇系统.基于钻井、地震、岩心及储层分析资料,刻画了沙垒田凸起及围区源-汇系统要素特征,并将源-汇系统分为断裂陡坡型、断裂缓坡型、斜坡型及断槽型4大类.不同类型源-汇系统的物源供给控制相应的沉积体系发育,从而影响其储层的成岩作用与物性特征.研究表明,沙垒田凸起围区凹陷的储层发育受源-汇系统要素耦合与成岩作用的共同控制,其中断裂缓坡带由于源区高差与汇水面积大,沿断裂坡折带分布的沉积体系与砂体规模大、范围广,砂岩成分、结构成熟度较高,埋深浅、机械压实作用较弱,次生孔隙发育,为优质储层发育的有利区,而断裂陡坡型、斜坡型及断槽源-汇系统次之.      

渤海湾盆地埕北低凸起及围区古近系“源-汇”系统控砂原理定量分析

埕北低凸起及围区发育完整的"源-汇"系统。在"源-汇"思想的指导下,利用录井、测井、取心、三维地震等基础资料,在精细刻画埕北低凸起及围区沉积体系类型及特征的基础上,定量探讨了"源-汇"系统各要素之间的耦合关系。研究表明:古近纪,埕北低凸起基岩类型主要为中生界碎屑岩,源区内共发育9个有效物源区;埕北低凸起共识别出15条古沟谷型和2条断槽型输砂通道,其中古沟谷型输砂通道可细分为U型、V型及W型;埕北低凸起及围区陡坡带发育扇三角洲、半深湖—深湖沉积,扇三角洲平面上呈朵状展布,各扇体之间不连通,而缓坡带除局部构造早期发育扇三角洲外,整体发育辫状河三角洲、滨浅湖、半深湖—深湖等沉积,平面分布范围广,呈连片叠合分布;"源-汇"系统各要素定量分析表明,汇区沉积体面积及形态与有效物源区面积、沟谷的长、宽、宽深比等参数密切相关;从"源-汇"耦合模式分析认为,有效物源区面积控制沉积体系发育规模,输砂通道控制沉积体系的优势展布方向及形态。     

滇西龙陵—潞西花岗岩带成矿条件及找矿前景

滇西龙陵－潞西地分布着面积近千平方公里的花岗岩，其侵位时代可分为加里东－海西、燕山、喜马拉雅三期。岩体围岩主要为寒武系、奥陶－志留系的砂页岩、碳酸盐岩。     

渤海湾盆地埕北低凸起及围区古近系“源-汇”系统控砂原理定量分析*

埕北低凸起及围区发育完整的“源-汇”系统。在“源-汇”思想的指导下,利用录井、测井、取心、三维地震等基础资料,在精细刻画埕北低凸起及围区沉积体系类型及特征的基础上,定量探讨了“源-汇”系统各要素之间的耦合关系。研究表明: 古近纪,埕北低凸起基岩类型主要为中生界碎屑岩,源区内共发育9个有效物源区;埕北低凸起共识别出15条古沟谷型和2条断槽型输砂通道,其中古沟谷型输砂通道可细分为U型、V型及W型;埕北低凸起及围区陡坡带发育扇三角洲、半深湖—深湖沉积,扇三角洲平面上呈朵状展布,各扇体之间不连通,而缓坡带除局部构造早期发育扇三角洲外,整体发育辫状河三角洲、滨浅湖、半深湖—深湖等沉积,平面分布范围广,呈连片叠合分布;“源-汇”系统各要素定量分析表明,汇区沉积体面积及形态与有效物源区面积、沟谷的长、宽、宽深比等参数密切相关;从“源-汇”耦合模式分析认为,有效物源区面积控制沉积体系发育规模,输砂通道控制沉积体系的优势展布方向及形态。     

湘西地区古生代地层特征及沉积体系研究

通过湘西地区的地层发育特点及构造演化过程的研究,揭示其沉积体系演化特征。湘西地区古生代沉积了寒武系—二叠系。其中,寒武系纽芬兰统发育浅海陆棚碎屑岩相,寒武系第二统下部发育浅海陆棚碎屑岩—碳酸盐岩混合相,寒武系第二统中部—奥陶系发育海相碳酸盐岩台地相,志留系发育前陆盆地碎屑岩—生物礁相,泥盆系发育滨岸砂岩相,二叠系发育海相碳酸盐—潮坪相。依据岩性、岩相组合将湘西地区古生界划分为:深水滞留盆地、浅海陆棚、开阔碳酸盐岩台地—斜坡、浊积扇、三角洲、生物礁、潟湖—潮坪、滨岸等多种沉积体系类型。每种沉积体系类型形成受控于盆地的构造运动。     

沾化凹陷三合村洼陷古近系沙三下亚段物源体系分析

沾化凹陷三合村洼陷沙河街组沙三下亚段（Es3L）作为重要储集层段,勘探潜力巨大,精细刻画三合村洼陷沙三下亚 段物源体系对沉积体系重建、有利区带预测具重要意义。采用古地貌宏观区分物源区与沉积区,并精细刻画西南部与南部 物源通道（I~VI号）,运用岩心、岩屑组成特征明确沉积区沉积相类型及原始物质成分,通过地震属性与地层切片精细描绘 沉积区内“源-汇”配置及时空演化关系,从不同角度、不同层次对三合村洼陷古物源体系进行综合刻画。结果表明,洼 陷西南部斜坡区（约3°）物源来自陈家庄凸起西段（I、II号沟槽输导）,相对富砾,以碳酸盐岩岩屑为主;南部坡折区 （约8°）物源来自于陈家庄凸起东段（III~VI号沟谷输导）,相对富砂,发育单晶石英或多晶石英颗粒。平面上,沉积区扇 三角洲沉积体系规模与物源通道的宽深比及延伸距离呈正相关,垂向上,低位体系域（LST）形成扇体规模远大于高位体 系域（HST）扇体,且交汇区物源体系由南部向西南部迁移转化。     

塔里木盆地车尔臣断裂带构造--岩相特征及形成机理探讨

车尔臣断裂带的构造特征、寒武系-下奥陶统地层地震相特征与沉积相展布、构造与岩相之间关系的研究表明,车尔臣断裂构造带具有“三段式”结构。西段与东段相似,为巨厚的碳酸盐岩建造,刚性强,以断裂形式释放应力,所形成的构造带成排发育,圈闭面积小而个数多;中段塔东低凸起以泥岩建造为主,岩层刚性弱,以塑性变形为主,构造带不发育,构造样式主要为古生界的宽缓背斜,圈闭面积大而个数少。通过沉积相和构造综合研究证实存在2个岩性圈闭带：古城奥陶系礁滩相岩性圈闭带和罗布泊奥陶系礁滩相构造-岩性复合圈闭带。     

塔里木盆地柯巴麦地区寒武纪层序模式及意义

以层序地层学理论为指导,据全球海平面变化,结合钻井、野外露头及地震资料,将柯坪-巴楚-麦盖提斜坡地区寒武系碳酸盐岩划分为3个二级层序,24个三级层序。总结每个层序界面及层序内部特征,建立柯巴麦寒武系层序地层格架,揭示层序内体系域构成特征。提出柯巴麦地区寒武系碳酸盐岩发育3种层序模式—低位、海侵与高位模式,分析其控制因素。将寒武系沉积模式归纳为2种：碎屑岩沉积模式和碳酸盐台地-蒸发台地沉积模式,为塔西南地区进一步油气勘探提供新思路。     

大别造山带北缘石炭系胡油坊组砾石特征及其构造意义

大别造山带北缘晚石炭世胡油坊组内含有一套岩块砾岩层 ,砾石主要由绿片岩相的石英片岩、绢云母石英片岩、石英岩和千枚岩组成 ,其次有变余砂岩和碳酸盐岩等。Rb- Sr同位素测定表明 ,绿片岩相砾石经历了晚元古代末期和晚古生代两期变质事件 ,全岩等时线年龄为 5 6 5± 30 Ma和 30 7Ma。变质岩砾石不是来源于佛子岭群或信阳群 ,而可能来自于扬子陆块的中、晚元古代地层。砾石以及古生物的证据还表明 ,大别山在古生代时存在一个主要由扬子陆块早古生代碳酸盐岩和中、晚元古代变质岩组成的构造剥露区 ,不存在一个大别山古岛弧。     

Neoproterozoic metamorphism and deformation at the southeastern margin of the East European Craton,Uralides, Russia

The eastern margin of the East European Craton (EEC) has a long lasting geological record of Precambrian age. Archaean and Proterozoic strata are exposed in the western fold-and-thrust belt of the Uralides and are known from drill cores and geophysical data below the Palaeozoic cover in the Uralides and its western foredeep. In the southern Uralides, sedimentary, metamorphic and magmatic rocks of Riphean and Vendian age occur in the Bashkirian Mega-anticlinorium (BMA) and the Beloretzk Terrane. In the eastern part of the BMA (Yamantau anticlinorium) and the Beloretzk Terrane, K-Ar ages of the <2-µm-size fraction of phyllites (potassic white mica) and slates (illite) give evidence for a complex pre-Uralian metamorphic and deformational history of the Precambrian basement at the southeastern margin of the EEC. Interpretation of the K-Ar ages considered the variation of secondary foliation and the diagenetic to metamorphic grade. In the Yamantau anticlinorium, the greenschist-facies metamorphism of the Mesoproterozoic siliciclastic rocks is of Early Neoproterozoic origin (about 970 Ma) and the S1 cleavage formation of Late Neoproterozoic (about 550 Ma). The second wide-spaced cleavage is of Uralian origin. In the central and western part of the BMA, the diagenetic to incipient metamorphic grade developed in Late Neoproterozoic time. In post-Uralian time, Proterozoic siliciclastic rocks with a cleavage of Uralian age have not been exhumed to the surface of the BMA. Late Neoproterozoic thrusts and faults within the eastern margin of the EEC are reactivated during the Uralian deformation.     

青海拉鸡山:一个多阶段抬升的构造窗

拉鸡山断裂带位于祁连山褶皱带内,呈北西-南东向延伸.后者构成青藏高原的东北边缘,由三个主要构造单元组成:北部是一条早古生代的板块缝合带,中部是一个元古代的结晶地块,南部由一套晚古生代到三叠纪的被动大陆边缘沉积物组成.对拉鸡山及其邻区的构造研究结果表明,祁连山褶皱带在古生代加里东期发生过大规模的缩短,北祁连的早古生代蛇绿岩和岛弧火山岩沿祁连山中央冲断层向南,陆内俯冲到中祁连元古界变质杂岩之下.由于发生在晚古生代和晚中生代的陆内变形,位于中祁连之下的北祁连的蛇绿岩和岛弧火山岩发生褶皱,并被抬升到地表.到新生代,由于印度板块和欧亚大陆之间的碰撞和陆内汇聚作用,拉鸡山断裂带再次活动,这些下古生界蛇绿岩和岛弧火山岩通过冲断作用快速抬升,将中祁连地块一分为二.因此,拉鸡山是一个抬升的构造窗,不是一个中祁连结晶地块中的早古生代大陆裂谷.     

A new section of Lower Palaeozoic rocks in Kayin State (Southeast Myanmar)

Lower Palaeozoic rocks have been mapped in Kayin State in an area previously shown on published maps as either metamorphic or possibly Lower or Upper Palaeozoic rocks. Three new formations, with a total thickness of over 900?m, apparently overlain by an, at least, 100?m thick Upper Palaeozoic formation are mapped along the Salween River and along the road from Yinbaing, in Myanmar, to Tha Song Yang, in Thailand. The Lower Palaeozoic succession consists of the predominantly siliciclastic Kyaukpulu and Kushwe–e–we formations and an overlying, predominantly carbonate Meseik Ashe Formation which contains Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) conodonts. The older two formations are probable correlates of the Ngwetaung and Lokeypin formations of the southern Shan State of Myanmar and the Lower Ordovician siliciclastics of western Thailand. The overlying, peritidal to shallow subtidal carbonates of the Meseik–Ashe Formation are correlates of the Wunbye and Sitha formations of Shan State, Myanmar. The thick–bedded, quartz arenites of the Nyaungwiang Formation are faulted against the Ordovician carbonates and are probable lithological correlates of the Carboniferous Taungnyo Formation. The folds in the Lower Palaeozoic rocks are overturned to the northeast and deformation was in one major phase between the Tournaisian and the Early Permian. The Lower Palaeozoic strata may probably be followed as a ridge for at least 100?km towards the NNW, close to the western border of the Sibuma Block which is separated by a postulated cryptic suture from the Irrawaddy Block to the west.     

Geologic and U–Pb geochronologic evidence for early Paleozoic tectonism in the Dadeldhura thrust sheet,far-west Nepal Himalaya

The Dadeldhura thrust sheet inm western Nepal consists of Proterozoic–Lower Paleozoic sedimentary and plutonic rocks, and their metamorphic equivalents, that rest structurally on Proterozoic strata of the Lesser Himalayan sequence. Although regional metamorphism and ductile deformation were widespread during Tertiary thrust emplacement, relicts of early Paleozoic tectonism are preserved locally. New field and geochronologic studies, together with the findings of previous workers, indicate that this early Paleozoic tectonism included: (1) regional metamorphism to at least garnet grade, (2) regional folding of a thick metamorphic sequence into a broad east–west trending syncline, (3) outcrop-scale folding of metasedimentary rocks, (4) emplacement of Cambro–Ordovician granitic bodies during and after the metamorphism and deformation, (5) uplift and erosion of the metamorphic sequence, with garnet-grade rocks locally exposed at the surface, and (6) derivation of Ordovician conglomeratic sandstones from the early Paleozoic orogen. Similar records of metamorphism, deformation, and uplift/erosion have been found in other regions of the Himalaya, indicating that rocks of the Dadeldhura thrust sheet were originally involved in a regionally extensive orogenic system. Future tectonic models of Himalayan orogenesis must accommodate this early Paleozoic event.     

甘肃天水夏家坪金矿地质特征

夏家坪金矿位于西秦岭反＂S＂弧形构造东段Au-Ag-Cu-Fe-Pb-Zn成矿带中,矿体产出受下古生界李子园群沉积-火山岩系控制。矿体多呈带状、透镜状产出,具收缩膨大、尖灭再现及分支复合特征。容矿岩石主要为变砂（泥）岩、破碎石英脉、硅化角砾岩等。矿石类型以构造蚀变岩型为主,局部为石英脉型。围岩蚀变具分带性,矿化可分为早期的金和晚期的银铅锌两个主要成矿阶段。     

Diagenesis and incipient metamorphism in the western fold-and-thrust belt,SW Urals,Russia

In the western fold-and-thrust belt of the southern Urals, the Kübler and Árkai indices determined on shales, slates and phyllites record an increase from lower late diagenetic to epizonal grade from west to east. The metamorphic grade varies strongly within the different tectonic segments, which are separated by major thrusts. The increase of diagenetic and incipient metamorphic grade from the footwall to the hanging wall of all major Upper Palaeozoic thrusts indicates a pre-Permo/Triassic origin. West of the Avzyan thrust zone, the diagenetic to incipient metamorphic grade is related to the Palaeozoic basin development and reached the final grades in Late Carboniferous to Early Permian times. East of the first Avzyan thrust in the Yamantau anticlinorium, the diagenetic to lower greenschist metamorphic grade is possibly of Neoproterozoic origin and might be related to the development of the Neoproterozoic basin at the eastern margin of the East European Craton. The eastern part of the Yamantau anticlinorium was exhumed below 200 °C in the Late Carboniferous or Early Permian. The diagenetic grade of the autochthonous Palaeozoic sedimentary units increases toward the stack of Palaeozoic nappes and might partly be caused by the deformational process due to the emplacement of the Palaeozoic nappes. Within the Timirovo thrust sheet, the decrease of metamorphic grade with stratigraphic age developed prior to the emplacement of the nappes. The upper anchizonal metamorphic grade of the Upper Devonian slates of the Zilair nappe results from the deformation process related to the Lower Carboniferous nappe emplacement.