Fenton法降解水中布洛芬

采用Fenton法降解水中布洛芬,考察了H2O2投加量、FeSO.47H2O与H2O2的比值、初始pH、反应时间等因素对布洛芬去除率的影响,通过正交实验确定影响作用大小依次为:[Fe2+]∶[H2O2]的物质的量之比>H2O2的投加量>pH值,最佳的反应工艺条件为:H2O2的投加量为3 mL.L-1,[Fe2+]∶[H2O2]的物质的量之比为1∶10,反应初始pH值为3,反应时间为40 min.在最佳条件下布洛芬的去除率达到86%以上.同时对布洛芬降解反应动力学进行了研究,发现Fenton降解布洛芬符合二级反应动力学规律.     

垃圾渗滤液的Fenton氧化预处理研究

采用Fenton氧化法对垃圾渗滤液进行预处理,考察了渗滤液初始pH值、H2O2和FeSO4.7H2O投加量、H2O2/Fe2＋投加的物质的量比及氧化反应时间等对Fenton氧化处理效果的影响,获得Fenton氧化处理垃圾渗滤液的最佳工艺条件：初始pH=3.0,H2O2投加量为5.0 mL.L-1,FeSO4.7H2O投加量为3.48 g.L-1,H2O2/Fe2＋物质的量比为4-1,反应时间为1.5 h。最佳条件下处理后垃圾渗滤液COD为5 220 mg.L-1,COD去除率达57.8%。凝胶渗透色谱和三维荧光光谱分析结果表明,垃圾渗滤液中主要含有腐殖酸类大分子物质,经Fenton氧化后降解变成小分子化合物。     

Fenton氧化法处理生物性污染废水

采用Fenton氧化法对经化学混凝沉淀处理后的生物性污染废水进行深度处理,通过正交试验和单因素实验,研究H2O2投加量、溶液pH值、反应时间和H2O2/Fe2+2(摩尔比)四个主要因素对有机污染物去除效果的影响.实验结果表明H2O2投加量的影响明显高于其它三个因素,影响能力从大到小依次排序为:H2O2投加量＞溶液pH＞反应时间＞H2O2/Fe2+,反应的最佳工艺条件为:H2O2投加量为0.088mol.l-1,溶液pH值在3.5左右,反应时间为4h,H2O2/Fe2+为20:1.在此条件下,经Fenton氧化法深度处理后的出水细菌总数和三磷酸腺苷均未检出,保障出水的生物卫生安全性;同时其相对抑光率为10%,属低水平毒性.此外,其化学需氧量小于76mg·l-1,氨氮、总氮、总磷分别为1.10mg·l-1,2.92mg·l-1和0.002mg·l-1,出水满足<城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准(GB8918-2002)>一级B标准.     

Fenton试剂预处理H酸废水的影响因素及其可生化性

采用Fenton度剂预处理低浓度难降解的H酸废水，探讨了pH,Fe^2 ,H2O2，反应时间和H酸浓度对废水CODcr去除效果的影响，结果表明，各因素对废水CODcr去除效果影响较大，对CODcr为810mg.l^-1的H酸废水，Fenton试剂预处理的最佳条件；pH为5.5,3%H2O2的观加量为5%，10g.l^-1FeSO4的投加量为7%，反应时间为90min，此条件下CODcr去除率为55.3%-58.7%，可生化值CODB/CODcr从6.3%-6.7%上升到62.2%-68.4%。     

Fenton氧化法修复石油污染土壤的研究进展

传统的Fenton氧化法（Fe2＋/H2O2）因反应速度过快、需要定期补充Fe2＋、控制pH值≤3等方面的限制而影响到石油烃类污染土壤的修复效果.本文综述了近年来Fenton反应中氧化剂、催化剂的改进及其对土壤中石油污染物的去除效率,揭示了土壤性质、反应条件、污染物结构及非均相催化剂比表面积等因素对去除效率的影响,介绍了超声波前置处理后,Fenton试剂与土壤上解吸的石油污染物接触几率的增加及石油烃类可生物降解性的提高,促进了微生物的后续处理效果,并对该领域的研究趋势进行了展望.     

城市垃圾渗滤液的Fenton氧化法预处理试验

采用Fenton法将城市垃圾渗滤液进行催化氧化后,再投加聚合铁进行混凝沉淀处理,结果表明,当FeSO4·7H2O的投量为0.2%,H2O2/FeSO4·7H2O为11,聚合铁的投量为1.2‰时,CODCr去除率为68.2%,色度去除率为98%。研究了原水pH值、FeSO4·7H2O和H2O2的投加量、反应时间及聚合铁的投量对CODCr的影响。     

Fenton氧化对印染污泥脱水性能的影响

采用Fenton氧化法对印染污泥进行预处理,研究印染污泥中TSS、VSS、CST、SRF等脱水性能指标的变化规律.结果表明,当pH值为2.0,H2O2和Fe2+投加量分别为428 mg.g-1(干泥)和42.8 mg.g-1(干泥),反应时间1.5 h、反应温度80℃时,Fenton氧化后印染污泥的脱水效果最佳.在该条件下,TSS由18.66 g.L-1下降至4.82 g.L-1,去除率为74.17%;CST和SRF分别由98.6 s和6.03×1011s.2g-1下降至18.9 s和8.42×1010s.2g-1;污泥的平均粒径和中值粒径分别由53.8μm和42.9μm下降至19.8μm和16.2μm.     

Fenton试剂氧化降解微囊藻毒素-LR

研究了Fenton试剂氧化降解微污染水体中微囊藻毒素MC-LR的效果,在H2O2浓度1.5mmol·l-1,Fe2 浓度0.10 mmol·l-1,反应温度为25±1℃,pH值为4.18及反应时间为30min的条件下,浓度为0.41mg·l-1的MC-LR去除率可以达到92.4%,降解过程符合准一级反应动力学.Fenton试剂氧化体系能有效地降解MC-LR,特别是在紫外光的照射下,MC-LR的降解速率得到大幅度提高.紫外光能促进Fe3 还原为Fe2 ,所以光助Fenton试剂氧化反应中可以使用Fe3 代替Fe2 .     

Fe_3O_4@Graphite电极中性条件下电Fenton降解有机污染物

制备了Fe3O4复合石墨电极(Fe3O4@graphite),通过循环伏安测定,对自制电极的电化学特性进行了表征.在外加电压无隔膜反应池中,基于Fe3O4@graphite为阴极,铂网为阳极,在pH7.0中性条件下,探讨了降解有机染料罗丹明B(Rhodamine B,RhB)及无色小分子2,4-二氯苯酚(2,4-dichlorophenol,DCP)的电Fenton反应特性,结果表明,对1.0×10-5mol.l-1RhB在外加电压6 V和支持电解质Na2SO410 g.l-1条件下,电Fenton反应120 min,RhB降解率达100%.采用过氧化物酶催化反应吸光光度法和苯甲酸荧光分析法跟踪测定RhB降解反应过程中H2O2和羟基自由基(.OH)的变化,表明RhB降解过程涉及.OH历程.采用红外光谱分析和TOC测定RhB降解过程中深度氧化变化,表明电Fenton反应条件下,RhB反应过程中其分子结构被破坏,生成羧酸或者胺类小分子化合物,同时180 min矿化率达59.2%,对2,4-DCP而言,240 min降解率为98.6%,14h矿化率为86.8%.     

树脂负载α-FeOOH异相光Fenton降解水中己烷雌酚

以Amberlite200树脂为载体,在Fe(NO3)3-HNO3体系中恒温水解制备了负载型催化剂α-FeOOH/Resin,以己烷雌酚(HEX)为目标化合物,研究了α-FeOOH/Resin的异相Fenton催化性能.结果表明,α-FeOOH/Resin异相Fenton反应能够有效降解水中的HEX,紫外光和H2O2的协同作用很大程度地提高了降解效率;pH值的降低或初始H2O2浓度的提高,均能增加HEX的降解速率;在中性条件下,HEX的光Fenton降解过程中,溶出的铁元素对降解贡献不大,异相Fenton反应起主导作用;催化剂重复使用后仍具有较好的催化活性和机械强度,说明铁在其表面负载牢固,催化剂具有一定的实用性.     

Fe2O3-CeO2-Bi2O3/γ-Al2O3 catalyst in the catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of cationic red GTL under mild reaction conditions

Fe₂O₃-CeO₂-Bi₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃, an environmental friendly material, was investigated. The catalyst exhibited good catalytic performance in the CWAO of cationic red GTL. The apparent activation energy for the reaction was 79 kJ·mol⁻¹. HO₂· and O₂·⁻ appeared as the main reactive species in the reaction. The Fe₂O₃-CeO₂-Bi₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst, a novel environmental-friendly material, was used to investigate the catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of cationic red GTL under mild operating conditions in a batch reactor. The catalyst was prepared by wet impregnation, and characterized by special surface area (BET measurement), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The Fe₂O₃-CeO₂-Bi₂O₃/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst exhibited good catalytic activity and stability in the CWAO under atmosphere pressure. The effect of the reaction conditions (catalyst loading, degradation temperature, solution concentration and initial solution pH value) was studied. The result showed that the decolorization efficiency of cationic red GTL was improved with increasing the initial solution pH value and the degradation temperature. The apparent activation energy for the reaction was 79 kJ·mol⁻¹. Hydroperoxy radicals (HO₂·) and superoxide radicals (O₂⁻·) appeared as the main reactive species upon the CWAO of cationic red GTL.     

A preliminary study of temporal differences in serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl acids,among New York anglers,in the absence of known changes in manufacturing practices

Perfluorinated compounds have been manufactured in large quantities and used in myriad industrial processes and commercial applications. The aim of this preliminary study was to generate hypotheses with regard to differences in body burdens of perfluoroalkyl acids, among a sub-sample of participants from the New York State Angler Cohort Study, over a time interval during which no known substantial changes occurred in US manufacturing practices or commercial use. Paired serum specimens, collected from 15 subjects in 1993–1994 (time 1), and in 1995–1997 (time 2), with a minimum interval of 2.5 years, were assayed for PFDA, PFHpA, PFHxS, PFNA, PFOA, PFOS, PFOSA and PFUnDA using HPLC with ES-MS/MS. By subject, differences in concentrations between time 1 and time 2 were estimated, employing paired t-tests, correlations, and multivariable linear regression to accommodate heterogeneity in duration between specimens, and in time 1 concentrations. A statistically significant (P < 0.05) adjusted mean decrease of 0.16 ng mL^?1 (18.8%) between time 1 and 2 was detected for PFNA, and an adjusted mean increase of 0.54 ng mL^?1 (56.8%) was detected for PFOA. The results of this study may be indicative of short-term changes in human body burdens of PFNA and PFOA in association with local exposure sources.     

Enhanced degradation of trichloroethene by calcium peroxide activated with Fe(III) in the presence of citric acid

Trichloroethene (TCE) degradation by Fe(III)-activated calcium peroxide (CP) in the presence of citric acid (CA) in aqueous solution was investigated. The results demonstrated that the presence of CA enhanced TCE degradation significantly by increasing the concentration of soluble Fe(III) and promoting H₂O₂ generation. The generation of HO? and O₂^-? in both the CP/Fe(III) and CP/Fe(III)/CA systems was confirmed with chemical probes. The results of radical scavenging tests showed that TCE degradation was due predominantly to direct oxidation by HO?, while O₂^-? strengthened the generation of HO? by promoting Fe(III) transformation in the CP/Fe(III)/CA system. Acidic pH conditions were favorable for TCE degradation, and the TCE degradation rate decreased with increasing pH. The presence of Cl^-, HCO₃^-, and humic acid (HA) inhibited TCE degradation to different extents for the CP/Fe(III)/CA system. Analysis of Cl^- production suggested that TCE degradation in the CP/Fe(III)/CA system occurred through a dechlorination process. In summary, this study provided detailed information for the application of CA-enhanced Fe(III)-activated calcium peroxide for treating TCE contaminated groundwater.     

Studies of Thermal Transformation of Humic and Fulvic Acids in Soils Ii. Thermogravimetry

The thermogravimetry and differential curves of the humic and fulvic acids in the soils from five areas of China were determined and the peaks of these curves were classified according to the results of infra-red (IR) spectra at high temperature and pyrolysis-mass spectra (Py/Ms). the kinetic parameters for heat-degradation of these humic and fulvic acids were calculated by the Coast-Redfern method. the initial temperatures, the final temperatures, and the peaks of DTG curves, the activation energies, the reaction orders and the percentages of weight loss at different reaction stages for these samples were analysed. Thus, the similarity of thermal transformation of humic and fulvic acids in the soils from different areas of China was demonstrated. in addition, the DTA curves of red earth HA and FA were determined.     

Effects of a diesel oxidation catalyst on gaseous pollutants and fine particles from an engine operating on diesel and biodiesel

The effects of a diesel oxidation catalytic (DOC) converter on diesel engine emissions were investigated on a diesel bench at various loads for two steady-state speeds using diesel fuel and B20. The DOC was very effective in hydrocarbon (HC) and CO oxidation. Approximately 90%–95% reduction in CO and 36%–70% reduction in HC were realized using the DOC. Special attention was focused on the effects of the DOC on elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) fractions in fine particles (PM_2.5) emitted from the diesel engine. The carbonaceous compositions of PM_2.5 were analyzed by the method of thermal/optical reflectance (TOR). The results showed that total carbon (TC), OC and EC emissions for PM_2.5 from diesel fuel were generally reduced by the DOC. For diesel fuel, TC emissions decreased 22%–32% after the DOC depending on operating modes. The decrease in TC was attributed to 35%–97% decrease in OC and 3%–65% decrease in EC emissions. At low load, a significant increase in the OC/EC ratio of PM_2.5 was observed after the DOC. The effect of the DOC on the carbonaceous compositions in PM_2.5 from B20 showed different trends compared to diesel fuel. At low load, a slight increase in EC emissions and a significant decrease in OC/EC ratio of PM_2.5 after DOC were observed for B20.     

Effects of citric acid on Cu（Ⅱ） and Cd（ Ⅱ ） adsorption ＆ desorption in calcareous cinnamon soil

通过室内培养和吸附-解吸实验,研究了不同柠檬酸含量土壤对Cu2＋、Cd2＋吸附-解吸的影响.结果表明,土壤对Cu2＋的吸附量随加入柠檬酸量的增加而明显增加,达到峰值后（柠檬酸含量为0.5 mmol.kg-1）,吸附量随柠檬酸含量的增加而下降,即Cu2＋的吸附曲线呈峰型.在低柠檬酸含量时,土壤对Cu2＋的吸附量受Cd2＋浓度影响较小,但随柠檬酸含量的增加,在低铜浓度处理（Cu2＋浓度为600 mg·L-1,Cu600）下,土壤对Cu2＋的吸附量随Cd2＋浓度的增大而增大,但在高浓度铜处理（Cu2＋浓度为1000 mg·L-1,Cu1000）下,土壤对Cu2＋的吸附量随Cd2＋浓度的增加而减少.Cu2＋的解吸量随柠檬酸含量的增加而总体上降低;相同柠檬酸含量下,Cu600处理下,Cd2＋浓度为10 mg·L-1（Cd10）条件下Cu2＋解吸量明显低于无Cd2＋（Cd0）和Cd2＋浓度为1 mg·L-1（Cd1）条件下.而Cu1000处理下,Cd2＋的浓度对Cu2＋解吸量的影响较小.Cd2＋吸附量随柠檬酸含量的增加无明显变化,但随Cu2＋浓度的增加下降明显,其中无Cu2＋处理Cd2＋吸附量极显著地高于Cu600和Cu1000处理,而Cu600和Cu1000处理间差异不显著,且土壤对Cd2＋的吸附随镉添加量增加而增加;Cd2＋的解吸量随柠檬酸含量的增加先增大后保持稳定,在柠檬酸含量为0.5 mmol.kg-1时达到最大,Cu600处理的Cd2＋的解吸量显著地高于Cu1000处理.     

Studies of Thermal Transformations of Humic and Fulvic Acids in Soils I. Infrared Spectroscopy and Temperature-Programmed Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry

Temperature-programmed pyrolysis mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy have been used to monitor structural changes of humic and fulvic acids isolated from soils in China, in the temperature range of 25-550°C. in this work, we found that decarboxylation is obvious as the main reaction with dehydration reaction from 150°C to 400°C, the anhydride can be identified from FT-IR spectra at temperature range from 200°C to 400°C; there are evident changes of the aromatic nucleus of humic and fulvic acids above 400°C, even remaining up to 550°C. Besides, some changes of adsorption water can be distinguished before 200°C, and the mass signal of sulphur dioxide was detected.     

Studies of Thermal Transformations of Humic and Fulvic Acids in Soils I. Infrared Spectroscopy and Temperature-Programmed Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry

Temperature-programmed pyrolysis mass spectrometry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy have been used to monitor structural changes of humic and fulvic acids isolated from soils in China, in the temperature range of 25-550°C. in this work, we found that decarboxylation is obvious as the main reaction with dehydration reaction from 150°C to 400°C, the anhydride can be identified from FT-IR spectra at temperature range from 200°C to 400°C; there are evident changes of the aromatic nucleus of humic and fulvic acids above 400°C, even remaining up to 550°C. Besides, some changes of adsorption water can be distinguished before 200°C, and the mass signal of sulphur dioxide was detected.     

Catalytic wet air oxidation of phenol,nitrobenzene and aniline over the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) as catalysts

Wet air oxidation (WAO) is one of effective technologies to eliminate hazardous, toxic and highly concentrated organic compounds in the wastewater. In the paper, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), functionalized by O₃, were used as catalysts in the absence of any metals to investigate the catalytic activity in the catalytic wet air oxidation (CWAO) of phenol, nitrobenzene (NB) and aniline at the mild operating conditions (reaction temperature of 155°C and total pressure of 2.5 MPa) in a batch reactor. The MWCNTs were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), gas adsorption measurements (BET), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The functionalized MWCNTs showed good catalytic performance. In the CWAO of phenol over the functionalized MWCNTs, total phenol removal was obtained after 90 min run, and the reaction apparent activation energy was ca. 40 kJ·mol^-1. The NB was not removed in the CWAO of single NB, while ca. 97% NB removal was obtained and 40% NB removal was attributed to the catalytic activity after 180 min run in the presence of phenol. Ca. 49% aniline conversion was achieved after 120 min run in the CWAO of aniline.     

氧化法制备聚合氯化铁絮凝剂的氧化速率及其形态分布

采用氧化法制备聚合氯化铁絮凝剂，论述了不同亚铁溶液中氧化水解动力学、氧化过程PH值变化以及不同反应过程对聚合氯化铁形态分布的影响；结果表明，氯化亚铁溶液的氧化速率主要受溶液的含酸量和三价铁离子的水解聚合反应的协同效应的影响，当溶液酸量达到最低点时，亚铁氧化速度也将降至最慢；通过形态分布、稳定性及氧化速度的研究确定了制备聚合氯化铁的最佳条件。