胰腺癌患者血清中CA19-9、CA50、CA242、CEA的水平变化及意义

目的探讨胰腺癌患者血清肿瘤标志物血清糖类抗原(CA)19-9、CA50、CA242、癌胚抗原(CEA)水平,及其与胰腺癌术前诊断、临床分期、肿瘤大小以及预后的关系。方法分别测定38例胰腺癌(观察组)和25例胰腺良性病变(对照组)患者血清中CA19-9、CA50、CA242和CEA。探讨其与胰腺癌临床分期、肿瘤大小及预后的关系。结果观察组血清CA19-9、CA50、CA242和CEA水平明显高与于对照组,术后血清CA19-9、CA50、CA242和CEA水平较术前明显下降,TS3+TS4、Ⅲ+Ⅳ期患者血清CA19-9、CA50、CA242和CEA水平分别高于TS1+TS2、Ⅰ+Ⅱ期者(P均<0.05)。结论胰腺癌患者血清CA19-9、CA50、CA242和CEA水平对胰腺癌患者术前诊断、临床分期和肿瘤大小的判断有一定的参考意义。     

胰腺癌患者血清CEA、CA19-9和CA50水平变化及意义

目的观察胰腺癌患者血清癌胚抗原（CEA）、糖类抗原19-9（CA19-9）和CA50水平变化及其对胰腺癌分期和手术可切除性的术前预测价值。方法测定60例胰腺癌患者（胰癌组）血清CEA、CA19-9及CA50,根据手术和病理学检查判定TNM分期。以40例良性胰腺疾病患者作对照（对照组）,分析血清CEA、CA19-9、CA50水平与胰腺癌分期以及手术可切除性之间的关系。结果胰癌组血清CEA、CA19-9、CA50水平均明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）。胰癌组Ⅲ＋Ⅳ期患者的血清CEA、CA19-9、CA50水平明显高于Ⅰ＋Ⅱ期患者（P〈0.01）;姑息性手术患者的血清CEA、CA19-9、CA50水平显著高于根治性手术患者。结论血清CEA、CA19-9、CA50水平与胰腺癌分期有关,可作为判定胰腺癌能否行根治性手术切除的参考指标。     

血清TSGF、CA242、CA19-9对老年胰腺癌患者诊断作用的临床研究

目的 评价血清中肿瘤标志物恶性肿瘤相关物质(TSGF)、糖类抗原CA242和CAl9-9对老年胰腺癌患者的诊断作用。方法 采用生化比色法与酶免法分别检测200例健康人、52例胰腺炎及96例胰腺癌患者的TSGF、CA242和CAl9-9含量。结果 TSGF、CA242和CAl9-9阳性似然比依次为5．4、12．6和6．3，阴性似然比依次为0．10、0．19和0．17。单项肿瘤标志物对胰腺癌诊断：TSGF敏感性高达91．6％，CA242特异性高达93．5％。以3项均为阳性诊断胰腺癌：敏感性为77．1％，特异性和阳性预测值皆为100．0％。胰头癌TSGF与CA242水平显著高于胰体癌、胰尾癌及全胰癌，而CAl9-9的表达与其部位无相关性。TSGF、CA242与CAl9-9随着临床分期的进展而敏感性增加，Ⅰ期者TSGF的敏感性显著高于CA242与CAl9-9，因此TSGF可以作为胰腺癌早期筛选的肿瘤标志物。结论 应用TSGF、CA242和CAl9-9联合诊断胰腺癌可以提高特异性，其表达对胰腺癌的不同组织分型起到重要作用，3项标志物联合检测可助早期诊断胰腺癌。     

超声造影联合血清CA19-9鉴别诊断胆管细胞癌与肝细胞癌应用研究

目的 探讨肝内胆管细胞癌(ICC)与肝细胞癌(HCC)患者超声造影(CEUS)和血清糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)水平变化特征。方法 经组织病理学检查诊断的ICC患者48例和HCC患者78例,进行CEUS检查,常规检测血清CA19-9。建立鉴别诊断ICC与HCC的多指标二元Logistic回归方程,探索其诊断ICC的价值。结果 45.8%ICC患者以肿瘤周围环状增强为主,显著高于HCC患者的2.6%(P<0.05);58.3%ICC患者造影剂显著廓清,而94.9% HCC呈弱或无廓清(P <0.05);ICC组廓清时间为(54.6±10.2)s,显著早于HCC组【(76.1±25.1)s,P <0.05】;72.9%ICC患者血清CA19-9升高,显著高于HCC组的19.2%(P<0.05);建立多指标联合的二元Logistic诊断模型方程为:Logit(P)=-4.030+2.640×增强模式+2.486×廓清时间+2.579×廓清程度+2.731×血清CA19-9 (U/ml),该模型识别ICC的AUC为0.943,其敏感度和特异度分别为79.2%和93.6%。结论 熟悉ICC与HCC的超声造影表现特征,结合血清CA19-9水平,可以帮助鉴别这两种肿瘤。     

TACE治疗原发性肝癌患者血清肿瘤标志物水平变化

目的 探讨原发性肝癌（PLC）患者经肝动脉化疗栓塞术（TACE）治疗前后血清肿瘤标志物水平变化。方法 2014年1月~2015年2月我院收治的47例PLC患者和47例同期来我院检查的健康人,采用电化学发光免疫分析法检测血清CA242、CA724和AFP。结果 PLC患者在术前AFP、CA242和CA724水平均显著高于健康人（t=49.293,t=17.392,t=9.394,P<0.01）;在TACE治疗后半年和1年,PLC患者血清AFP和CA724水平均较治疗前显著下降（P<0.01）,但CA242水平则无明显变化（P>0.05）。结论 PLC患者在接受TACE治疗后血清CA724和AFP水平均显著降低,在临床上评价肝癌患者术后治疗效果中具有一定的参考价值。     

联合检测血清TK1、CA19-9对胰腺癌和胰腺炎鉴别诊断的价值

目的 探讨联合检测血清胸苷激酶1（TK1）、糖类抗原19-9（CA19-9）对胰腺癌和胰腺炎鉴别诊断的价值.方法 选择胰腺癌患者37例（胰腺癌组）、胰腺炎患者40例（胰腺炎组）及健康体检者50例（对照组）,采用化学增强发光印迹法检测其血清TK1,直接化学发光法检测血清CA19-9.结果 胰腺癌组、胰腺炎组血清CA19-9水平明显高于对照组（P均＜0.05）,但胰腺癌组与胰腺炎组比较差异无统计学意义.胰腺癌组血清TK1水平明显高于胰腺炎组、对照组（P均＜0.05）,而胰腺炎组与对照组比较差异无统计学意义.两者联合检测能明显提高诊断胰腺癌的敏感性（92.7％）.结论 联合检测血清CA19-9、TK1有助于胰腺炎和胰腺癌的鉴别诊断.     

肺癌患者血清CEA、CA125和CA19-9测定的临床意义

目的评价血清癌胚抗原（CEA）、糖类抗原25（CA125）和糖类抗原19—9（CA19-9）水平对肺癌诊断和病情评估的临床价值。方法用化学发光法检测血清CEA、CA125和CA19-9在正常组、良性肺病组和肺癌组的不同变化。结果肺癌组患者CEA、CA125和CA19-9水平明显高于正常对照组和良性肺病组。结论CEA、CA125和CA19-9在肺癌的诊断、病情监测和疗效判断方面可为临床提供有价值的资料。     

消化系统恶性肿瘤患者肿瘤标志物癌胚抗原及癌抗原19-9和癌抗原242联检的临床意义

[目的]探讨消化系统恶性肿瘤患者血清中癌胚抗原（CEA）、癌抗原19-9（CA19-9）、癌抗原242（CA242）水平的变化及联合检测的临床意义。[方法]应用化学发光法和酶联免疫法测定178例消化系统恶性肿瘤患者（肿瘤组）血清中CEA、CA19-9、CA242水平,并与204例消化系统良性疾病（对照组）作比较。[结果]肿瘤组血清CEA、CA19-9、CA242水平显著高于对照组（P〈0.05）,3项联合检测可提高肝癌、胃癌、胰腺癌、结直肠癌的特异性（P〈0.05）,敏感性未见增加。[结论]联合检测消化系统恶性肿瘤患者血清CEA、CA19-9、CA242水平,对临床诊断和疗效观察具有重要的价值。     

联合CA19-9、CA125和CEA检测在AFP阴性的ICC鉴别诊断中的应用价值

目的探讨血清癌抗原19-9（CA19-9）、癌抗原125（CA125）和癌胚抗原（CEA）联合检测在甲胎蛋白（AFP）阴性的肝内胆管细胞癌（ICC）患者诊断中的价值。方法2014年6月~2016年6月我院收治的ICC患者60例,根据AFP检测结果,将其分为AFP阴性组和AFP阳性组,每组分别为30例。采用微阵列酶联免疫分析法（Array-ELISA）检测血清CA19-9、CA125和CEA,采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）下面积（AUC）分别对各标记物及联合检测诊断的灵敏度、特异度和正确率进行评估。结果30例AFP阴性组血清CA19-9、CA125和CEA水平分别为138.8（85.7~185.1）U/ml、109.6（48.4~201.8）U/ml、11.2（17.5~21.9）ng/ml,均显著高于AFP阳性组的【（38.0（16.9~75.5）U/ml、18.1（9.3~48.1）U/ml、5.5（3.1~8.5）ng/ml）,P<0.01】;两组血清肿瘤标志物诊断ICC的ROC曲线下面积均呈现出CA19-9>CA125>CEA的趋势,在AFP阴性组,各单项诊断的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.85、0.83和0.81,显著高于AFP阳性组的【（0.55、0.45和0.42）,P<0.05】;在单项诊断ICC时,血清CA19-9、CA125和CEA的最佳临床诊断截断点分别为124.89 U/ml、96.04 U/ml和11.97 ng/ml;血清CA19-9、CA125和CEA诊断ICC的灵敏度、特异度和正确率分别为（73.33%、76.67%和71.67%）、（66.67%、70.00%和68.33%）和（60.00%、70.00%和65.00%）,以CA19-9检测诊断的效能最高;两组联合检测诊断的ROC曲线下面积均高于单项指标检测的ROC曲线下面积,且都表现为（CA19-9/CA125/CEA）>（CA19-9/CA125）>（CA19-9/CEA）>（CA125/CEA）,在AFP阴性组,各联合检测诊断的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.94、0.88、0.86和0.85 ,显著高于在AFP阳性组的【（0.74、0.62、0.58和0.52）,P<0.05】;（CA19-9/CA125/CEA）、（CA19-9/CA125）、（CA19-9/CEA）和（CA125/CEA）四种联合检测诊断的灵敏度、特异度和正确率均提高,分别为（90.00%、90.00%和90.00%）、（83.33%、83.33%和81.67%）、（76.67%、83.33%和80.00%）和（70.00%、76.67%和73.33%）,以CA19-9/CA125/CEA联合检测诊断效能最高。结论我们认为,血清CA19-9、CA125和CEA联合检测可提高对AFP阴性ICC患者诊断的正确率,需要临床扩大验证。     

血清TSGF、CA125、CA19-9联合SCC检测在老年宫颈癌诊断中的价值

目的探讨血清肿瘤特异性生长因子(TSGF)、糖类抗原125(CA125)、糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)联合鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCC)检测对老年宫颈癌的诊断价值。方法选择宫颈癌患者45例、宫颈上皮内瘤样病变(CIN)患者34例和健康志愿者30例,分别设为恶性组、良性组和对照组,检测三组受试者血清TSGF、CA125、CA19-9、SCC,分析单项及联合检测对宫颈癌的诊断价值。结果恶性组TSGF、CA125、CA19-9、SCC分别为(78.29±19.82)U/ml、(44.43±16.08)U/ml、(40.69±15.26)U/ml、(3.61±1.98)ng/L,均显著高于良性组和对照组(P<0.05);良性组TSGF显著高于对照组(P<0.05),两组CA125、CA19-9、SCC比较无统计学差异(P>0.05)。TSGF、CA125、CA19-9、SCC单项检测诊断宫颈癌敏感度较低,联合诊断后敏感度升高,而特异度降低,其中四项联合诊断的敏感度最高,为93.33%,与其他诊断方式相比有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论宫颈癌患者血清TSGF、CA125、CA19-9、SCC出现不同程度升高,四项联合检测可以提高对宫颈癌的诊断敏感度。     

胰腺癌患者血清中巨噬细胞因子-1、糖链抗原19-9、糖链抗原242及癌胚抗原的检测分析

目的 探讨血清巨噬细胞因子-1（MIC-1）、糖链抗原（CA）19-9 、CA242及癌胚抗原（CEA）在胰腺癌中的应用价值.方法 分析129例胰腺癌患者和120例健康体检者4项肿瘤标志物的检测结果,计算各肿瘤标志物组合方式对提高胰腺癌诊断的作用.结果 胰腺癌患者血清中各项肿瘤标志物的水平与对照组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.MIC-1＋CA19-9组合的敏感性与单项检测敏感性最高的MIC-1比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;MIC-1＋CA19-9组合的特异性与单项检测特异性最高的CA19-9比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.Ⅲ~Ⅳ期胰腺癌患者血清CA19-9、CA242水平与Ⅰ~Ⅱ期比较,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）.结论 4项肿瘤标志物的检测对胰腺癌的诊断均有一定的价值,MIC-1＋CA19-9联合检测可提高诊断的敏感性,同时未降低其特异性.CA19-9、CA242对判断胰腺癌的预后有一定价值.     

Comparison of tumor marker CA 242 with CA 19-9 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in pancreatic cancer

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Although there are a variety of tumor markers used for diagnosis of pancreatic carcinoma, the sensitivity and specificity of those markers have not yet reached an ideal level. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic value of CA 242 with CA 19-9 and CEA in the patients with pancreatic cancer. METHODOLOGY: Serum CA 242, CA 19-9 and CEA levels were determined in 135 subjects in the following groups: Pancreatic cancer (n = 40), cholangiocellular carcinoma (n = 15), hepatocellular carcinoma (n = 10), cirrhosis (n = 7), chronic active hepatitis (n = 7), choledochal stone (n = 12), chronic pancreatitis (n = 9), acute pancreatitis (n = 6), and healthy controls (n = 29). RESULTS: An elevated serum CA 242 concentration (> 20 U/mL) was found in 30 out of 40 (70%) (mean; 2163 +/- 838 U/mL) patients with pancreas cancer, in 11 out of 15 patients with cholangiocellular carcinoma (93.3%) (mean 916 +/- 529 U/mL), in none of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and healthy controls. Slightly elevated CA 242 concentration was found in 6 out of 41 patients with benign hepatobiliary and pancreatic disease (range 0.4-97.8 U/mL) (1 acute pancreatitis, 2 chronic pancreatitis, 1 cirrhosis, 2 choledochal stone). Mean serum CA 242, CA 19-9 and CEA levels of the pancreas cancer group were significantly higher than those of the other groups except the cholangiocellular carcinoma group. There was no significant difference between the stage of pancreas cancer regarding mean serum CA 242, CA 19-9 and CEA level. There was positive correlation between serum CA 242 and CA 19-9 level. In the pancreas cancer, the sensitivity of CA 242, CA 19-9 and CEA was 75%, 80%, 40%, respectively and the specificity of those markers was 85.5%, 67.5% and 73%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the advantage of CA 242 compared to CA 19-9 is that its specificity is higher than that of CA 19-9 in the diagnosis of pancreas cancer.     

Can preoperative CA19‐9 and CEA levels predict the resectability of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma?

Background: We aimed to explore the predictive ability of preoperative carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels for assessing tumor resectability (R0 resection) in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Methods: The present study included 72 patients who had been treated surgically for potentially resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma and 42 patients who had been treated surgically for palliation (bypass surgery) at our institution. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma was histologically confirmed by pathological examination of the resected specimen or, if unresected, by intraoperative biopsy. Results: For resectable disease, the mean and median values of CA19‐9 were significantly lower than for R1/2 or unresectable disease. The best cut‐off points for CEA, CA19‐9, and tumor size to predict resectability were 2.47 ng/mL, 92.77 U/mL and 11.85 cm³, respectively. A CA19‐9 ≥ 92.77 U/mL and both tumor markers no less than the cut‐off levels predicted the possibility of R1/2 or unresectability with 90.6% and 88.6% accuracy, respectively. However, either tumor marker or both tumor markers less than the cut‐off levels predicted the probability of R0 resection only with 27.1% and 40.6% accuracy, respectively. The independent contributing factors to resectability (R0 resection) by multivariate regression analysis were a CA 19‐9 < 92.77 U/mL, a tumor size < 11.85 cm³, and a less advanced AJCC stage. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates that preoperative serum CA19‐9 and CEA levels can be used for the prediction of resectability (R0 resection) in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, which may enable a simple and cost‐effective exclusion of such patients who are unlikely to benefit from surgery.     

血清肿瘤标志物和肝功能指标联合检测在胰腺癌肝转移诊断中的价值

目的探讨肿瘤标志物和肝功能指标联合检测在胰腺癌肝转移早期诊断中的临床价值。方法选取125例胰腺癌患者,其中肝转移58例,无肝转移67例。检测患者血清肿瘤标志物和肝功能指标水平,并对结果进行分析。结果胰腺癌肝转移者血清中癌胚抗原（CEA）、糖类抗原19-9（CA19-9）、糖类抗原242（CA242）和乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）水平显著高于无肝转移者（P〈0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示CEA、CA19-9、CA242与LDH诊断肝转移的最佳上限为6.0μg/L、842 U/m l、64.48 U/L与220 U/L。CEA和LDH单独检测肝转移的敏感性为64.2%和51.9%,特异性为71.4%和74.2%。而CEA与LDH联合检测的敏感性和特异性为77.6%和93.5%。结论肿瘤标志物和肝功能指标联合检测特异性高,有助于胰腺癌肝转移的早期诊断。     

肝硬化和肝癌患者血清CA125、CA199、AFP和CEA水平变化

目的 研究肝硬化和肝癌患者血清癌抗原（CA）125、CA199、甲胎蛋白（AFP）和癌胚抗原（CEA）的变化。方法 采用ELISA法检测223例肝硬化患者、97例肝癌患者和120例健康人血清CA125、CA199、AFP和CEA水平。结果 肝硬化和肝癌患者血清CA125分别为（261.64±32.47） U/ml和（265.80±30.44） U/ml,CA199分别为（25.73±3.39） U/ml和（30.54±3.29） U/ml,CEA分别为（4.03±0.36） ng/ml和（3.87±0.21） ng/ml,均显著高于健康人[（21.25±7.66） U/ml、（18.57±8.11） U/ml和（3.08±1.05） ng/ml,P<0.05];肝癌患者AFP（【20000.00±453.07） ng/ml】显著高于肝硬化患者[（7.52±2.01） ng/ml,P<0.05];肝硬化Child-Pugh C级患者CA125【（474.52±59.80） U/ml】、CA199【（27.80±5.94） U/ml】和CEA（【5.80±0.63） ng/ml】均显著高于Child-Pugh A级患者[分别为（55.65±8.82） U/ml、（18.81±0.46）U/ml和（3.20±0.10）ng/ml,P<0.05];腹水患者CA125为（385.16±36.09） U/ml、CA199为（26.55±2.87） U/ml、AFP为（13.63±1.82） ng/ml和CEA为（4.85±0.39） ng/ml,均显著高于无腹水患者[分别为（62.75±15.45） U/ml、（19.58±0.75） U/ml、（9.39±1.26） ng/ml和（3.54±0.16） ng/ml,P<0.05];酒精性肝硬化患者血清CA125【（318.48±48.80） U/ml】和CA199【（26.63±3.22） U/ml】显著高于病毒性[（215.77±26.26） U/ml和（19.06±0.64） U/ml,P<0.05]或原发性胆汁性肝硬化患者[（129.73±28.55）U/ml和（18.00±0.00）U/ml,P<0.05];病毒性肝炎肝硬化患者血清AFP（【56.41±26.75） ng/ml】显著高于酒精性或胆汁性肝硬化患者[分别为（5.44±0.30）ng/ml和（7.35±1.47） ng/ml,均为P<0.05],血清CEA【（3.53±0.17） ng/ml】则显著低于酒精性或胆汁性肝硬化患者[分别为（5.19±0.35）n g/ml和（5.73±0.98） ng/ml,均为P<0.05]。结论 肝硬化和肝癌患者CA125、CA199、AFP和CEA水平存在差异,肝硬化患者CA125、CA199、AFP、CEA水平与Child-Pugh分级、腹水和病因有关。     

Analysis of prognostic factors for borderline resectable pancreatic cancer after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: the importance of CA19-9 decrease in patients with elevated pre-chemotherapy CA19-9 levels

BackgroundNeoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is widely used to treat borderline resectable pancreatic cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the serum carbohydrate antigen (CA)19-9 response, in association with survival, after four cycles of NAC-gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel.MethodsFrom 2015 to 2018, patients with borderline resectable pancreatic cancer were treated with NAC. Patients were stratified into two groups after excluding CA19-9 non-secretor: Group L (CA19-9 ≥2 and ≤500 U/mL) and Group H (CA19-9 >500 U/mL). The CA19-9 decrease during NAC was evaluated as a response of NAC and was assessed in association with survival concomitant with other prognosis factors.ResultsEighty-seven patients were evaluated (Group L: n = 43, Group H: n = 44). In intention-to-treat-based analysis, Group L exhibited significantly better progression-free survival (PFS) than Group H (median PFS: 24 vs 14months). In resection cohort, no correlation was detected between the CA19-9 decrease and survival in Group L. In Group H, the CA19-9 decrease ≤80% was associated with unfavorable survival in multivariate analysis [Hazard ratio: 4.738 (P = 0.007)].ConclusionIn patients with pre-treatment CA19-9 >500 U/mL, the CA19-9 decrease ≤80% was strongly associated with poor survival and new strategy should be reconsidered for these patients.     

Low efficacy of serum levels of CA 19-9 in prediction of malignant diseases in asymptomatic population in Taiwan

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Serum levels of carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 have long been employed as a biomarker in diagnosing pancreatic cancer in symptomatic patients. We assessed the clinical usefulness of serum CA 19-9 in screening pancreatic cancer and other malignancies in individuals without symptoms. METHODOLOGY: The study enrolled 5,343 consecutive asymptomatic individuals who completed a health check-up comprising serum CA 19-9, chest film, abdominal ultrasonography, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy. The sensitivity, specificity and positive predictive rate of CA 19-9 in detecting cancers were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 385 patients (7.2%) with CA 19-9 higher than 37 U/mL. Two patients diagnosed with pancreatic cancer had CA 19-9 levels of 46,885 U/mL and 88.4 U/mL, respectively. Thirteen among 58 patients with other cancers had CA 19-9 levels higher than 37 U/mL. If the cut-off value of CA 19-9 was set at 37 U/mL, the sensitivity and specificity for pancreatic cancer and other cancers were 100% and 92.8%, as well as 22.4% and 92.9%, respectively. However, the positive predictive rates for pancreatic cancer and other cancers were as low as 0.5% and 3.4%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Efficacy of CA 19-9 in predicting either pancreatic cancer or other cancers in the asymptomatic population is low.     

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and CA 19-9 levels

AIM： To prospectively investigate serum CA 19-9 levels in type 2 diabetic patients in comparison with age and gender-matched control subjects.
METHODS： We recorded duration of diabetes and examined fasting glucose levels, HbAlc levels and serum CA 19-9 levels in 76 type 2 diabetic patients and 76 controls. Abdominal CT was performed in order to eliminate abdominal malignancy in the diabetic and control groups.
RESULTS： The average CA 19-9 level was 46.0 ± 22.4 U/mL for diabetic patients whereas it was 9.97± 7.1 U/mL for the control group （P 〈 0.001 ）. Regression analysis showed a positive correlation between diabetes and CA 19-9 independent from age, gender, glucose level and HbAlc level （t = 8.8, P 〈 001 ）. Two of the diabetic patients were excluded from the study because of abdominal malignancy shown by CT at the initial evaluation. For all patients, abdominal CT showed no pancreatic abnormalities.
CONCLUSION： CA 19-9 is a tumor-associated antigen, which is elevated in pancreatic, upper gastrointestinal tract, ovarian hepatocellular, and colorectal cancers, as well as in inflammatory conditions of the hepatobiliary system, biliary obstruction and in thyroid diseases. Diabetes has been claimed to be a risk factor for pancreatic cancer, which is increasing its incidence and has one of the lowest survival rates of all cancers. CA 19-9 is used in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer but is also a marker of pancreatic tissue damage that might be caused by diabetes. We propose that a higher cutoff value of CA 19-9 should be used in diabetics to differentiate benign and malignant pancreatic disease, and subtle elevations of CA 19-9 in diabetics should be considered as the indication of exocrine pancreatic dysfunction.     

Type 2 diabetes mellitus and CA 19-9 levels

AIM: To prospectively investigate serum CA 19-9 levels in type 2 diabetic patients in comparison with age- and gender-matched control subjects. METHODS: We recorded duration of diabetes and examined fasting glucose levels, HbA1c levels and serum CA 19-9 levels in 76 type 2 diabetic patients and 76 controls. Abdominal CT was performed in order to eliminate abdominal malignancy in the diabetic and control groups. RESULTS: The average CA 19-9 level was 46.0 ± 22.4 U/mL for diabetic patients whereas it was 9.97 ± 7.1 U/mL for the control group (P ＜ 0.001 ). Regression analysis showed a positive correlation between diabetes and CA 19-9 independent from age, gender, glucose level and HbA1c level (t = 8.8, P ＜ 001 ). Two of the diabetic patients were excluded from the study because of abdominal malignancy shown by CT at the initial evaluation. For all patients, abdominal CT showed no pancreatic abnormalities. CONCLUSION: CA 19-9 is a tumor-associated antigen, which is elevated in pancreatic, upper gastrointestinal tract, ovarian hepatocellular, and colorectal cancers, as well as in inflammatory conditions of the hepatobiliary system, biliary obstruction and in thyroid diseases. Diabetes has been claimed to be a risk factor for pancreatic cancer, which is increasing its incidence and has one of the lowest survival rates of all cancers. CA 19-9 is used in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer but is also a marker of pancreatic tissue damage that might be caused by diabetes. We propose that a higher cutoff value of CA 19-9 should be used in diabetics to differentiate benign and malignant pancreatic disease, and subtle elevations of CA 19-9 in diabetics should be considered as the indication of exocrine pancreatic dysfunction.